A facile reductive cleavage of allylic and benzylic esters with low valent titanium reagents

The reductive cleavage of allylic and benaylic esters 1a-g̲ with titanium(II) reagent derived from Mg/Hg-TiCl yielded the corresponding acids 3a-g̲ and dimeric hydro 4 carbons 2a-g̲ under mild reaction conditions

An efficient and highly selective method for deoximation of ketoximes

A combination of pyridinium dichromate/tert-butyl hydroperoxide (1:1) has been found to be an excellent reagent for the highly selective regeneration of ketones from ketoximes

A Simple HPLC Bioanalytical Method for the Determination of Doxorubicin Hydrochloride in Rat Plasma: Application to Pharmacokinetic Studies

Purpose: To develop a simple, accurate, and precise high performance chromatography (HPLC) method with spectrophotometric detection for the determination of doxorubicin hydrochloride in rat plasma.Methods: Doxorubicin hydrochloride and daunorubicin hydrochloride (internal standard, IS) were separated on a C18 reversed-phase HPLC column. Following protein precipitation extraction, chromatographic separation was accomplished with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile: water at ratio of 30:70 (pH 3.0), and the drug was detected at 233 nm using a UV detector at flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and ambient temperature.Results: Linearity was obtained over the range 1.0 . 50.0 µg/ml for doxorubicin hydrochloride with lower limit of quantitation of 1.0 µg/ml. For each level of quality control samples, inter- and intra-day precision (% CV) was < 9.6 and 5.1 %, respectively. Stability of doxorubicin hydrochloride in plasma was within the acceptance limit (} 15 %) with no evidence of degradation during sample processing and 30 days storage in a deep freezer at -70 } 5 ‹C. Absolutes extraction recovery of drug from plasma was. 86 %.Conclusion: The method is highly selective and rugged for the  determination of doxorubicin hydrochloride in rat plasma and should be suitable for conducting pharmacokinetic studies and therapeutic drug monitoring.Keywords: Doxorubicin, Daunorubicin, Validation, pharmacokinetics, rat plasma

A note on indices of primepower and semiprime divisor function graph

The notion of using number theortic based graph seems to be one of the flourishing areas in Graph theory. One such concept is the divisor function graph GD(n) which is defined as: For any positive integer n ≥ 1 with r divisors d1, d2, d3, ..., dr, divisor function graph GD(n) is a (V, E) graph with V as the set of all factors of n and E be defined in such a way that two vertices di and dj are adjacent if and only if either di | dj or dj | di, i 6= j. In this paper, we analyze the operation sum of two divisor function graphs and investigate several indices exclusively for prime powers and for semi primes. Also, we derive a result for an independent function.Publisher's Versio

Effect of Curing Conditions and Freeze-Thaw Cycles on the Strength of an Expansive Soil Stabilized with a Combination of Lime, Jaggery, and Gallnut Powder

This investigation involved the utilization of the combination of lime, jaggery, and gallnut powder, adopted in South India traditionally. This combination of materials, used for the manufacture of lime-based mortars, was adopted in stabilization of an expansive soil. Three combinations of lime, jaggery, and gallnut powder (LJG) in the ratios of 8 : 2 : 2, 8 : 2 : 1, and 8 : 1 : 2 were put into use. The effect of subjecting the combinations to alternate cycles of freeze-thaw (up to 3 cycles) and three different curing conditions of air, moisture, and heat was also investigated. In addition, a mineralogical investigation for studying the reaction products was also carried out. The investigation proceeded with the determination of the unconfined compression strength (UCS) of stabilized specimens of dimensions 38 mm × 76 mm, cured for periods of 3, 7, 14, and 28 days. The results of the investigation revealed that the addition of LJG resulted in an increase in the strength of the stabilized soil. Freeze-thaw cycles resulted in a reduction in strength with LJG821 proving to be the most optimal combination developing the maximum strength and least strength loss due to freeze-thaw cycles. Thermal curing proved to be the most optimal curing condition out of all curing conditions evaluated

Statistical analysis of the hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater in hard and sedimentary aquifers system of Gadilam River Basin, South India

The study of groundwater hydrogeochemistry of hard and sedimentary aquifers system in Gadilam river basin has resulted in a large number of geochemical dataset. Groundwater samples were collected at 41 sites over spread of 1380 km2 study area and analysed for major ions. The large number of data can lead to difficulties in the integration, interpretation and representation of the results. Application of statistical analysis of the data helps us to unravel the hidden relationship between ions. Correlation analyses and factor analyses were applied to classify the groundwater samples, and to identify geochemical processes controlling groundwater geochemistry. The correlation analysis helps in the determination of the spinal and the seasonal species (ions). Calcium (Ca2+), Magnesium (Mg2+), Sodium (Na+), Chloride (Cl), Bicarbonate HCO3 and Sulphate SO24 were determined as spinal species and Potassium (K+), Phosphate PO4 and Silica (H4SiO4) as the seasonal species. Factor analysis shows that dissolution and leaching of secondary salts, weathering and anthropogenic impacts are the dominant controlling factors in the study area. Though several factors were extracted for different seasons to identify the dominant hydrogeochemical regime of the study area, first three dominant factors were spatially distributed by their factor scores. This spatial representation of the factor scores show that part of the region is hydrogeochemically active

On the recent Introduction of outboard engines along the Coromandal coast

Introduction of outboard engines along the Coromandal coast and Pondicherry were studied. A total number of 232 outboard engines have been introduced at 16 fish landing centres in the South Arcot District. The outboard engines are fitted exclusively to catamarans with a length range of 8-10 m operating mainly gill nets, Pannu valai and Mani valai and the encircling bag-net, Eda valai

Investigation On Antidiarrhoeal Activity Of Aristolochia Indica Linn. Root Extracts In Mice

Background: The present study aimed at investigating the effect of ethanolic extract (EtAI), and aqueous extract (AqAI) of Aristolochia indica  Linn roots on castor oil-induced diarrhoea and study on small intestinal transit. Phytochemical analysis of extracts was performed as per standard procedure.Materials and Methods: The oral toxicity study using Swiss albino mice was performed in accordance with OECD guidelines. The EtAI and AqAI extracts of Aristolochia indica Linn were studied for antidiarrhoeal property using castor oil-induced diarrhoeal model and charcoalinduced gastrointestinal motility test in Swiss albino mice.Results: Among the tested doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, the extracts reduced the frequency and severity of diarrhoea in test animals throughout the study period. At the same doses, the extract delayed the intestinal transit of charcoal meal in test animals as compared to the control and the results were statistically significant.Conclusion: Experimental findings showed that ethanol extract of Aristolochia indica Linn root possess significant antidiarrheal activity and may be a potent source of anti-diarrhoeal drug in future.Key words: Antidiarrheal activity, Aristolochia indica Linn, ethanol extract, small intestinal transi

Electrocautery, diathermy, and surgical energy devices: are surgical teams at risk during the COVID-19 pandemic?

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to provide a rapid synthesis of available data to identify the risk posed by utilizing surgical energy devices intraoperatively due to the generation of surgical smoke, an aerosol. Secondarily it aims to summarize methods to minimize potential risk to operating room staff. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Continuing operative practice during the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic places the health of operating theatre staff at potential risk. SARS-CoV2 is transmitted through inhaled droplets and aerosol particles, thus posing an inhalation threat even at considerable distance. Surgical energy devices generate an aerosol of biological particular matter during use. The risk to healthcare staff through use of surgical energy devices is unknown. METHODS: This review was conducted utilizing a rapid review methodology to enable efficient generation and dissemination of information useful for concurrent clinical practice. RESULTS: There are conflicting stances on the use of energy devices and laparoscopy by different surgical governing bodies and societies. There is no definitive evidence that aerosol generated by energy devices may carry active SARS-CoV2 virus. However, investigations of other viruses have demonstrated aerosolization through energy devise use. Measures to reduce potential transmission include appropriate personal protective equipment, evacuation and filtration of surgical plume, limiting energy device use if appropriate, and adjusting endoscopic and laparoscopic practice (low CO2 pressures, evacuation through ultrafiltration systems). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of transmission of SARS-CoV2 through aerosolized surgical smoke associated with energy device use is not fully understood, however transmission is biologically plausible. Caution and appropriate measures to reduce risk to healthcare staff should be implemented when considering intraoperative use of energy devices