From the lab to the field: Cooperation among fishermen

We conduct a field experiment to measure cooperation among groups of recreational fishermen at a privately owned fishing facility. The parameters are chosen so that group earnings are greater when group members catch fewer fish, as in the Voluntary Contributions Mechanism (VCM). In a manner consistent with classical economic theory, though in contrast to prior results from laboratory experiments, we find no evidence of cooperation. We construct a series of additional treatments to identify causes of the di®erence. We rule out the subject pool and the laboratory setting as potential causes, and identify the type of activity involved as the source of the lack of cooperation in our field experiment. When cooperation requires a reduction in fishing effort, individuals are not cooperative, whether the reduction in fishing translates into more money or into more fishing opportunities for the group.

An intrinsic homotopy for intersecting algebraic varieties

Recently we developed a diagonal homotopy method to compute a numerical representation of all positive dimensional components in the intersection of two irreducible algebraic sets. In this paper, we rewrite this diagonal homotopy in intrinsic coordinates, which reduces the number of variables, typically in half. This has the potential to save a significant amount of computation, especially in the iterative solving portion of the homotopy path tracker. There numerical experiments all show a speedup of about a factor two

A non-archimedean Montel's theorem

We prove a version of Montel's theorem for analytic functions over a non-archimedean complete valued field. We propose a definition of normal family in this context, and give applications of our results to the dynamics of non-archimedean entire functions.Comment: 29 pages, minor modifications, to appear in Compositi

First Resolved Dust Continuum Measurements of Individual Giant Molecular Clouds in the Andromeda Galaxy

© 2020 The American Astronomical Society.In our local Galactic neighborhood, molecular clouds are best studied using a combination of dust measurements, to determine robust masses, sizes, and internal structures of the clouds, and molecular-line observations to determine cloud kinematics and chemistry. We present here the first results of a program designed to extend such studies to nearby galaxies beyond the Magellanic Clouds. Utilizing the wideband upgrade of the Submillimeter Array (SMA) at 230 GHz, we have obtained the first continuum detections of the thermal dust emission on sub-GMC scales (∼15 pc) within the Andromeda galaxy (M31). These include the first resolved continuum detections of dust emission from individual giant molecular clouds (GMCs) beyond the Magellanic Clouds. Utilizing a powerful capability of the SMA, we simultaneously recorded CO(2-1) emission with identical (u, v) coverage, astrometry, and calibration, enabling the first measurements of the CO conversion factor, α CO(2-1), toward individual GMCs across an external galaxy. Our direct measurement yields an average CO-to-dust mass conversion factor of α' CO-dust = 0.042 ± 0.018 M o (K km s -1 pc 2) -1 for the J = 2-1 transition. This value does not appear to vary with galactocentric radius. Assuming a constant gas-to-dust ratio of 136, the resulting α CO = 5.7 ± 2.4 M o (K km s -1 pc 2) -1 for the 2-1 transition is in excellent agreement with that of GMCs in the Milky Way, given the uncertainties. Finally, using the same analysis techniques, we compare our results with observations of the local Orion molecular clouds, placed at the distance of M31 and simulated to appear as they would if observed by the SMA.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio

Punishment, reward, and cooperation in a framed field experiment

We report a framed field experiment, in which we study the effectiveness of punishment and reward in sustaining cooperation in a social dilemma. Punishments tend to be directed at non-cooperators and rewards are assigned by those who are relatively cooperative. In contrast to the results typically found in laboratory experiments, however, we find that punishments and rewards fail to increase cooperation.Field experiment, public goods game, social preferences, punishment, reward

From the lab to the field: Cooperation among fishermen

We conduct a field experiment to measure cooperation among groups of recreational fishermen at a privately owned fishing facility. The parameters are chosen so that group earnings are greater when group members catch fewer fish, as in the Voluntary Contributions Mechanism (VCM). In a manner consistent with classical economic theory, though in contrast to prior results from laboratory experiments, we find no evidence of cooperation. We construct a series of additional treatments to identify causes of the di®erence. We rule out the subject pool and the laboratory setting as potential causes, and identify the type of activity involved as the source of the lack of cooperation in our field experiment. When cooperation requires a reduction in fishing effort, individuals are not cooperative, whether the reduction in fishing translates into more money or into more fishing opportunities for the group.Public Goods Game, Field Experiment, Social Preferences

The Development of Palestinian Territoriality

The land of Palestine has been the object of conflicting claims by numerous peoples and religions for millennia. This small, arid place generally consisting of territory east and west of the Jordan River has been ruled and coveted by Jews, Christians, and Muslims. Each now possesses historical, cultural, and religious attachments to the land. The Jewish claim to Palestine rests on their conquest of the promised land in 1451 B. C. E. and their 1500-year occupancy which ended with the Diaspora in 71 A. D. Christian occupation during the crusades and the importance of the land that Jesus walked also gives Christians some claim to the area, particularly the holy sites. The Arabs assert, however, more recent property rights based on their control of the area from the seventh to the twentieth century. Since Israel\u27s rebirth as a state in 1948, Arabs and Jews have fought four major wars and numerous minor engagements over rights to Palestine. During the late 19th century, nationalism unified peoples in Western countries, and Jews dreamed of reuniting their people. A land without a people for a people without a land, was the slogan adopted by the early Zionist leaders to promote massive Jewish immigration to Palestine in the early 1900s. But the ancient Jewish homeland was not vacant When modern Jews returned. For centuries, the land had been inhabited by Arabs. Ironically, the reconstitution of a Judaic state displaced much of the Arab population. Now after four major Arab-Israeli wars the Arabs of Palestine are a people without a land. About four million Palestinian Arabs live throughout the world today, most of them outside the state of Israel which was created when the United Nations partitioned Palestine in 1947. When the Jews declared statehood a year later, a civil war broke out during which the Jewish nationalists defeated the Palestinian Arabs and the armies of seven surrounding Arab states. The Arabs refused to accept the existence of Israel and desired to \u27\u27throttle it at birth”. Approximately a million Palestinian Arabs live in the West Bank and Gaza Strip regions, occupied by Israel since the 1967 war. The rest of the 4 million have taken refuge among neighboring Arab states. The United Nations Relief Works Agency reported about 1.6 million Palestinian Arabs registered as refugees in 1977. Many were displaced for the second time in 1967. The victims of repeated Arab defeats, living in bitterness and often in poverty, and lacking a territory to call their own, these people have captured the attention of the world