88 research outputs found
Hybrid MHD/PIC simulation of a metallic gas-puff z pinch implosion
We present the hybrid MHD/PIC simulations of the time evolution of a bismuth metallic gas-puff z pinch in external axial magnetic field (AMF). Recent experiments with IMRI-5 generator (450 kA, 450 ns) [1] show the certain effect of an axial magnetic field on radiation energy produced during z pinch implosion. In order to perform the numerical simulation of gas puff z pinch a hybrid model was developed. The hybrid model treats the electrons as a massless fluid and ions as macroparticles. The macroparticle dynamic is calculated with the use of PIC method. Ion-ion Coulomb collision is considered with the use of MC method. The radiation transfer of bismuth plasma was accounted in the framework of P1 method. The interelectrode gap pumping by plasma of 8 ΞΌs 80 kA bismuth arc with the following plasma implosion by 450 kA / 450 ns current pulse in different external AMF was modelled. The obtained results are in a reasonable agreement with the experimental results. Β© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.The work was supported by Russian Science Foundation (project No. 16-19-10142)
ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°
ΠΠ°Π³Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ (ΠΠΠ) Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ Π²ΠΈΠΌΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ², ΡΠΊΡ Π²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΄ ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠΠ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠΌΡΡΡΠ½Π° Π·Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ² (Π‘ΠΠΠΠ), ΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΊ Π² Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠ³Ρ, Ρ Ρ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ. Π£ Π΄Π°Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ· ΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΌΡ ΠΌΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄Π°. ΠΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΎ Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡΡΡ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄ ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ»ΠΈΡ
Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π½Π° 4 ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΌΡ.Magnetocardiography (MCG) is a technique of measuring the weak magnetic fields generated in the heart during its functioning. MCG can be measured using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) sensor that converts magnetic flux to voltage, and is the most sensitive sensor to detect magnetism. In this paper, analysis of myocardium current density distribution maps is proposed. Effective surface area dependence on time for full and divided into 4 parts current density distribution maps is obtained.ΠΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ (ΠΠΠ) ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΠ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π° Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² (Π‘ΠΠΠΠ), ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ Π² Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°. Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄Π°. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° 4 ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°
The Effects of Preheating of a Fine Tungsten Wire and the Polarity of a High-Voltage Electrode on the Energy Characteristics of an Electrically Exploded Wire in Vacuum
Results obtained from experimental and numerical studies of tungsten wires
electrical explosion in vacuum are presented. The experiments were performed
both with and without preheating of the wires, using positive or negative
polarity of a high-voltage electrode. Preheating is shown to increase energy
deposition in the wire core due to a longer resistive heating stage. The effect
was observed both in single wire and wire array experiments. The evolution of
the phase state of the wire material during explosion was examined by means of
one-dimensional numerical simulation using a semiempirical wide-range equation
of state describing the properties of tungsten with allowance made for melting
and vaporization.Comment: 9 pages, 9 Postscript figure
On Hybrid Type of Cathode Attachment in High Current Vacuum Arcs
This paper discusses the issues of a possible change of the type of cathode attachment of high-current vacuum arcs (HCVA) with an average cathode current density of more than 105 A/cm2. This type of HCVA is used as pumping plasma gun in experiments with plasma puff z-pinches. These experiments showed that the measured linear mass of the HCVA plasma jet is much higher (by a factor of 10 or more) than the expected mass, which can be obtained from the assumption that cathode attachment occurs only through a multitude of cathode spots emitting supersonic plasma jets. It is shown that in HCVA of the type under consideration, at some time instant there are two types of cathode attachments - cathode spots and thermionic erosion attachment (TEA). It can be said that HCVA of this type have a hybrid cathodic attachment. Unlike cathode spots, TEA produces a subsonic plasma flow, which contributes to an increase in the linear mass of the HCVA plasma jet. Β© 2021 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved
ΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ€ΠΠ ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠ₯ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠ‘Π’Π Π ΠΠ’ΠΠ£ Π‘ΠΠ Π¦Π― β ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ¦ΠΠΠΠ Π‘Π’ΠΠΠ£ΠΠ
On the basis of multivariate statistical analysis developed method for the separation of informative indicators of heart rate variability (HRV), which have diagnostic value for the objective assessment of operator's emotional reaction from watching emotive videos. The technique consists of two stages: 1) multivariate analysis of variance; 2) stepwise discriminate analysis with different strategies of feature selection. The total average classification accuracy 4 states of operators by 10 informative indices (two of which are indicators of the results of self -report and other indicators HRV) reached 95.7 %.ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ° (ΠΠ Π‘), ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΏΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠ²: 1) ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°; 2) ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΠ±ΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ 10 ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ (Π΄Π²Π° ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
- ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, Π° Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ - Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ°) Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°Π»Π° 95,7 %.ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ² Π±Π°Π³Π°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ² Π²Π°ΡΡΠ°Π±Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ (ΠΠ Π‘), ΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ Π΄ΡΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠ½Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±'ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡΠ² Π½Π° Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±Π°ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΎΠΊΠ»ΡΠΏΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ Π· Π΄Π²ΠΎΡ
Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΡΠ²: 1) Π±Π°Π³Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·Ρ; 2) ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·Ρ Π· ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΄Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊ. ΠΠ°Π³Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ² ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡΠ² Π·Π° 10 ΡΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ (Π΄Π²Π° Π· ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
- Π·Π° ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π²ΡΡΡ, Π° ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π²Π°ΡΡΠ°Π±Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΡ) Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ³Π°Π»Π° 95,7 %
Formation of double shell during implosion of plasma metal puff Z-pinches
This work presents the results of experimental and theoretical research of impact of tailored density profile and application of external axial magnetic field on initial spatial distribution of the plasma density in the plasma metal puff Z-pinch and on its implosion dynamics. It has been discovered that upon implosion of the plasma metal puff Z-pinch some stripes interpreted as the system of two coaxial shells appear on the optical images. With the help of numerical simulation, the formation of the plasma liner consisting of a mixture of carbon and bismuth ions and formed by the expansion of the plasma jet of the arc burning on the bismuth electrode has been considered in this work. It has been shown that the lightweight carbon ions facilitate formation of the density distribution smoothly decreasing with the increase in radius, that, in turn, leads to suppression of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability in the current sheath upon further implosion. It has also been demonstrated that availability of the two types of ions in plasma considerably different in mass leads to formation (in the compression phase) of a double shell with externally located heavy ions. It has also been revealed that the application of the external axial magnetic field leads to reduction in the plasma metal puff Z-pinch initial diameter. Β© 2020 Author(s).This work was funded by Russian Science Foundation. Project No. 19β19-00127
Anomalous diffusion as a signature of collapsing phase in two dimensional self-gravitating systems
A two dimensional self-gravitating Hamiltonian model made by
fully-coupled classical particles exhibits a transition from a collapsing phase
(CP) at low energy to a homogeneous phase (HP) at high energy. From a dynamical
point of view, the two phases are characterized by two distinct single-particle
motions : namely, superdiffusive in the CP and ballistic in the HP. Anomalous
diffusion is observed up to a time that increases linearly with .
Therefore, the finite particle number acts like a white noise source for the
system, inhibiting anomalous transport at longer times.Comment: 10 pages, Revtex - 3 Figs - Submitted to Physical Review
ΠΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π±ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΠΠ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ
Π ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ·Π²βΡΠ·ΠΊΡ ΠΌΡΠΆ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΠΠ ΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π£ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠ½ΡΠ² Π²ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡ Π±Π°Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ, ΡΠΊΡ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠΆΠΊΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π±ΡΠ½ΡΠ². ΠΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ² ΠΠΠ ΡΠ° ΠΠ Π Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·Ρ Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ·Π²βΡΠ·ΠΊΡ ΠΌΡΠΆ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΠΠ Π² ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π°Ρ
, ΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ Π°Π±ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ, Π·Π³ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎ Π· ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡ 10-20. ΠΠ»Ρ Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΌΡΠΆ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΠΠ ΡΠ° ΠΠ Π, ΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²βΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΉ ΠΌΡΡΡ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ³Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ±ΡΡΠΊΠΈ.In the present work the problem of optimal bin number selection for equidistant Mutual Information (MI) estimator between electroencephalogram (EEG) and cardiorhythmogram (CRG) is addressed. In the previously developed method the bin number selected based on the finding an optimal bin number on the MI values on the range of bin numbers. With application to the real raw EEG and CRG signals it was found that for closely placed or symmetrical channels of EEG data the method can be applied, and the true value of MI value can be found with proposed method. In application to MI calculation between raw EEG and CRG signals that are not significantly coupled, true MI value cannot be estimated with proposed method for small sample size.Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΠΠ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ. Π ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π±ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΡΠΊΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»Π°ΠΌ ΠΠΠ ΠΈ ΠΠ Π Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΠΠ Π² ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π°Ρ
, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ 10-20. ΠΠ»Ρ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΠΠ ΠΈ ΠΠ Π, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ Π² Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ
Study of the ion plasma flow generated by a high-current vacuum arc
The vacuum arc discharge is intensively explored for a long time. It acts as a source of multiply charged plasma. The results of the special type plasma gun (5-10 kA, 12 ΞΌs) ion flow study with high temporal resolution and the electrode erosion dependences on the amplitude of the current pulse are presented in the research. The ion flow intensity had good reproducibility from series to series, while the values of total mass erosion differ significantly for different series of experiments under the same conditions. The ion erosion was measured to be significantly higher than that for arc sources with currents up to 1 kA. Β© 2019 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved.Russian Foundation for Basic Research,Β RFBR: 17-02-00346,Β 18-08-00547Russian Academy of Sciences,Β RAS18-2-2-16This work was supported in part by RFBR (grant Nos. 17-02-00346, 18-08-00547, 19-08-00783, 19-58-53006), by RAS Program (project No. 11) and UB RAS Program (project No. 18-2-2-16)
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