Chemical PARP Inhibition Enhances Growth of Arabidopsis and Reduces Anthocyanin Accumulation and the Activation of Stress Protective Mechanisms

Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) post-translationally modifies proteins through the addition of ADP-ribose polymers, yet its role in modulating plant development and stress responses is only poorly understood. The experiments presented here address some of the gaps in our understanding of its role in stress tolerance and thereby provide new insights into tolerance mechanisms and growth. Using a combination of chemical and genetic approaches, this study characterized phenotypes associated with PARP inhibition at the physiological level. Molecular analyses including gene expression analysis, measurement of primary metabolites and redox metabolites were used to understand the underlying processes. The analysis revealed that PARP inhibition represses anthocyanin and ascorbate accumulation under stress conditions. The reduction in defense is correlated with enhanced biomass production. Even in unstressed conditions protective genes and molecules are repressed by PARP inhibition. The reduced anthocyanin production was shown to be based on the repression of transcription of key regulatory and biosynthesis genes. PARP is a key factor for understanding growth and stress responses of plants. PARP inhibition allows plants to reduce protection such as anthocyanin, ascorbate or Non-Photochemical-Quenching whilst maintaining high energy levels likely enabling the observed enhancement of biomass production under stress, opening interesting perspectives for increasing crop productivity

Design Of Experiments (DOE) methodology to optimise the antioxidant activity of a Saithe (pollachius virens) muscle hydrolysate

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Application of Response Surface Methodology to Optimise the Antioxydant Activity of a Saithe (Pollachus Virens) Hydrolysate

International audienceThe objective of this study was to produce, by an enzymatic hydrolysis process at a pilot scale, a saithe (Pollachius virens) hydrolysate with a high antioxidant activity. Design of experiment methodology, based on laboratory-scale experiments, was used to obtain a behavioral reduced model that allows one to determine the optimal operating conditions maximizing the antioxidant activity. Two specifications were studied: the degree of hydrolysis and the antioxidant activity. The effects of the following hydrolysis parameters (temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, and operating time) were studied and presented as response surfaces. From these results, a multifactorial optimization was performed and the Pareto optimal set of efficient solutions was evaluated. The optimal conditions were tested at laboratory scale and then validated by comparison with tests carried out on a pilot plant

Design Of Experiments (DOE) methodology to optimise the antioxidant activity of a Saithe (pollachius virens) muscle hydrolysate

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Performances of ultrafiltration membranes for fractionating a fish protein hydrolysate: Application to the refining of bioactive peptidic fractions

International audienceUltrafiltration membranes can be advantageously used to improve the bioactivity of a saithe protein hydrolysate containing peptides having a size lower than 7 kDa, by fractionating or concentrating some specific molecular weight peptide classes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the behaviour of a 4 kDa membrane in modified polyethersulfone in conditions close to industrial exploitation. This work consists in evaluating the effect of the initial peptide content (30, 90 and 150 mg/mL), the transmembrane pressure (10 and 30 bar), in total recycling modes and the volume reduction factor (until 5) on membrane performances, in terms of permeation flux and selectivity. The peptide content and mass repartition profiles are measured by size exclusion chromatography.It is observed that the pressure and the peptide content, which can act as complementary or antagonist factors, can be adjusted to modify the transmission of peptides and consequently the apparent molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of the membrane. These results have been directly applied to study the refining of a peptidic fraction lower than 1 kDa having a potential bioactivity (i.e. antioxidant and hypotensive). The change in refining performances with the volume reduction factor (VRF) are discussed, including the recovery yield and the purity of the interesting fraction in permeate and the energy requirements

Performances of ultrafiltration membranes for fractionating a fish protein hydrolysate: Application to the refining of bioactive peptidic fractions

International audienc

Antiproliferative activity of fish protein hydrolysates on human breast cancer cell lines

International audienceAntiproliferative activity of 18 fish protein hydrolysates was measured on 2 human breast cancer cell lines grown in vitro. Three blue whiting, three cod, three plaice and one salmon hydrolysates were identified as significant growth inhibitors on the two cancer cell lines. Preliminary analysis of hydrolysates composition evidenced they contained a complex mixture of free amino acids, peptides with various sizes ranging up to 7 kDa and in a lower proportion, lipids and sodium chloride. RP-HPLC fractionation of fish hydrolysates is currently undertaken to purify anticancer peptides, lipids or other bioactive trace compounds responsible for this antiproliferative activity

Fractionation of fish protein hydrolysates by ultrafiltration and nanofiltration: impact on peptidic populations

International audienceThe production by enzymatic treatment of fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) is a promising route to add value to fisheries proteinic co-products (fish frames, heads etc.). Indeed, FPH possess good nutritional properties and biological activities for food and feed uses. Pressure-driven membrane separations such as ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) can be used after the hydrolysis to increase the specific activities of the FPH. This paper discusses the impact of a two-step UF/NF process producing four different fractions on two industrial FPH with different hydrolysis degrees. Fractionation is carried out in “realistic” conditions for an industrial process, on highly concentrated FPH solutions (about 100 g of dry matter/L) at a high volume reduction factor. For each step, UF or NF, the variation of the permeation flux in the course of the fractionation is discussed according to the FPH hydrolysis degree and the membranes cut-offs. The values of performance indicators defined in terms of nitrogen content are also examined, including the concentration factor (CF), the relative recovery in the retentate (ηR) and the mean and final retention factors (RFm and RFf). Computed values of these indicators are validated through the setting of volume and mass balances around each step. The impact of fractionation on the FPH peptidic population is shown. Peptidic populations are described in terms of chromatographic profiles (SEC–FPLC). The UF fractionation produces a permeate enriched with respect to the FPH smaller than a molecular weight of about 600–750 Dalton, and a retentate enriched in large peptides (above the same MW). A similar behaviour is found for the NF fractionation. Comparing the impact of the UF fractionation on the two hydrolysates allows to conclude that the membrane cut-off is well-suited when comprised between the MWs of the biggest and the most abundant peptides in the FPH

Mild processing techniques and development of functional marine protein and peptide ingredients

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