The Quixote, virtues and some contemporary applications

El artículo entrega una reflexión en torno al tema de las virtudes presente en el texto del Quijote. En concreto, se muestra cómo Cervantes no se aparta de la tradición filosófica recibida en torno a virtudes cardinales como la valentía, la prudencia, la templanza y la justicia. Luego, se revisan algunas de las aplicaciones que los críticos han hecho de dicha reflexión en torno a las virtudes, desde una doble dimensión: teórica y práctica. Se pone de relieve cómo cada acercamiento crítico requiere de una ubicación precisa, considerando sus contextos de aplicación didáctica. Una estrategia adecuada es la que prioriza el examen de fragmentos dados, su comentario y proyecciones. De este modo podemos encontrar lecturas actualizadoras de lo que Cervantes nos presenta, siempre atendiendo a la indisociabilidad entre los polos ético y estético.The article offers a reflection about virtues theory present in the Quixote text. In particular, it shows how Cervantes does not depart from the philosophical tradition received about cardinal virtues such as courage, prudence, temperance and justice. Then, we review some of the applications that critics have made of this reflection about virtues, in a double dimension: theoretical and practical. It is highlighted how each critical approach requires a precise location, considering their contexts of didactic application. An adequate strategy is one that prioritizes the examination of given fragments, their commentary and projections. In this way its posible to find updated readings of what Cervantes presents to us, always attending to the indissociability between the ethical and aesthetic poles

Improving the mathematical formulation for the detailed scheduling of refined products pipelines by accounting for flow rate dependent pumping costs

This work presents a continuous-time mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) formulation to find the best detailed schedule for single-source multi-product pipelines, minimizing the total operating costs. By knowing the aggregate plan including pumping and delivery tasks, the best detailed solution tends to minimize pump stoppage/restart costs as well as pumping energy charges associated to the head loss inside the pipeline, which are strongly dependent on the flow rate at every pipeline segment. Pumping costs for transporting products into the pipeline are estimated by introducing a novel piecewise linear calculation of the energy loss. The proposed approach is applied to find the optimal detailed schedule for a real-world case study consisting of a single source pipeline with multiple offtake stations. Important reductions in the operational costs with regards to previous contributions are obtained.Fil: Cafaro, Vanina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico Para la Industria Química (i); ArgentinaFil: Cafaro, Diego Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico Para la Industria Química (i); ArgentinaFil: Cerda, Jaime. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico Para la Industria Química (i); Argentin

Potenciales depredadores de nidos de aves acuáticas de los humedales de Caulín, Chiloé, sur de Chile y evaluación de métodos de detección

Potential predators of ground nesting aquatic birds were identifi ed, through various monitoring techniques, in wetlands of Bahía de Caulín, Chiloé, Chile. As a result, a greater proportion of mammalian predators was found, followed by raptorial birds and the monitoring techniques provided information at different taxonomic levels.Se identifi caron potenciales depredadores de aves acuáticas que nidifi can en el suelo, mediante diversas técnicas de monitoreo, en humedales de la Bahía de Caulín, Chiloé, Chile. Como resultado se encontró una mayor proporción de depredadores mamíferos, seguido de aves rapaces y las técnicas de monitoreo entregaron información a distintos niveles taxonómicos

Ultrasound assessment of fascial connectivity in the lower limb during maximal cervical flexion: technical aspects and practical application of automatic tracking..

This study aimed to evaluate the displacement of the medial gastrocnemius fascia during cervical spine flexion in a kyphotic posture with knees extended and ankles at 90°. The study used ultrasound recording and the Lucas-Kanade iterated pyramid (LKP) algorithm to track fascia displacement. The results showed that 66% of the subjects had a displacement of the proximal fascial tissue above the basal error. The onset of fascial displacement during cervical spine flexion was detected in 70% of the cycle, but only when detected for more than 80% of the cycle was the displacement considered statistically significant. The study concludes that there is a statistically significant displacement of the deep fascia, as measured by the automated tracking method. However, further studies are needed to fully understand the mechanisms associated with these results.The authors would like to thank the Programa de Anatomía y Biología del Desarrollo, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile. MC is funded by grants FONDECYT 3140447, ICM P09-015-F and the Latin American Cancer Research Network (US-LACRN)

Oxidation of 4-Chlorophenol by Mesoporous Titania: Effect of Surface Morphological Characteristics

Mesoporous nanocrystalline anatase was prepared via EISA employing CTAB as structure directing agent. The drying rate was used as a key synthesis parameter to increase the average pore diameter. The resultant mesoporous crystalline phases exhibited specific surface areas between 55 and 150 m2 g−1, average unimodal pore sizes of about 3.4 to 5.6 nm, and average crystallite size of around 7 to 13 nm. These mesophases were used as photocatalysts for the degradation of 4-chlorophenol (4CP) with UV light. Under the studied conditions, the mesoporous anatase degraded 100% 4CP. This was twice faster than Degussa P-25. 57% reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) value was achieved

Growth and pulmonary function in Chilean children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis

El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar el estado y la evolución nutricional de niños y adolescentes chilenos con fibrosis quística y estudiar su relación a la función pulmonar

Receiving the diagnosis of Down syndrome: what do the parents think?

Este estudio intenta describir la experiencia de los padres al recibir el diagnóstico de su hijo con SD en Chile, país en vías de desarrollo, donde el aborto es ilegal,la ecografía es el principal método de tamizaje prenatal y cerca de 80% de la población recibe atención en el sistema de Salud Público

W and Mo doped TiO2: Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic activity

W-doped TiO2 and Mo-doped TiO2 photocatalysts were synthesized by EISA method and were characterized by different techniques. The photoactivity of these materials was evaluated by the degradation of 4- chlorophenol without oxygen supply. The catalysts exhibited only anatase crystalline phase and high specific surface areas of about 179 m2 g 1. The amount of dopant cations in TiO2 was a key parameter to increase the photoactivity. The results obtained show that with low dopant concentrations the degradation is improved, and this can be attributed to an increase in the lifetime of the photogenerated charges due to that dopant cations may easily trap electrons decreasing the recombination rate. Doped photocatalysts degraded 95% of 4CP, three times faster than Degussa P25. 69% reduction of total organic carbon (TOC) content was achieved by 1 wt.% W-doping

Surveillance System for Infectious Diseases of Pets, Santiago, Chile

Pet diseases may pose risks to human health but are rarely included in surveillance systems. A pilot surveillance system of pet infectious diseases in Santiago, Chile, found that 4 canine and 3 feline diseases accounted for 90.1% and 98.4% of notifications, respectively. Data also suggested association between poverty and pet diseases