New insights into the wheat chromosome 4D structure and virtual gene order, revealed by survey pyrosequencing

AbstractSurvey sequencing of the bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genome (AABBDD) has been approached through different strategies delivering important information. However, the current wheat sequence knowledge is not complete. The aim of our study is to provide different and complementary set of data for chromosome 4D. A survey sequence was obtained by pyrosequencing of flow-sorted 4DS (7.2×) and 4DL (4.1×) arms. Single ends (SE) and long mate pairs (LMP) reads were assembled into contigs (223Mb) and scaffolds (65Mb) that were aligned to Aegilops tauschii draft genome (DD), anchoring 34Mb to chromosome 4. Scaffolds annotation rendered 822 gene models. A virtual gene order comprising 1973 wheat orthologous gene loci and 381 wheat gene models was built. This order was largely consistent with the scaffold order determined based on a published high density map from the Ae. tauschii chromosome 4, using bin-mapped 4D ESTs as a common reference. The virtual order showed a higher collinearity with homeologous 4B compared to 4A. Additionally, a virtual map was constructed and ∼5700 genes (∼2200 on 4DS and ∼3500 on 4DL) predicted. The sequence and virtual order obtained here using the 454 platform were compared with the Illumina one used by the IWGSC, giving complementary information

A cluster randomized-controlled trial of a community mobilization intervention to change gender norms and reduce HIV risk in rural South Africa: study design and intervention

Abstract Background Community mobilization (CM) interventions show promise in changing gender norms and preventing HIV, but few have been based on a defined mobilization model or rigorously evaluated. The purpose of this paper is to describe the intervention design and implementation and present baseline findings of a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) of a two-year, theory-based CM intervention that aimed to change gender norms and reduce HIV risk in rural Mpumalanga province, South Africa. Methods Community Mobilizers and volunteer Community Action Teams (CATs) implemented two-day workshops, a range of outreach activities, and leadership engagement meetings. All activities were mapped onto six theorized mobilization domains. The intervention is being evaluated by a randomized design in 22 communities (11 receive intervention). Cross-sectional, population-based surveys were conducted with approximately 1,200 adults ages 18–35 years at baseline and endline about two years later. Conclusions This is among the first community RCTs to evaluate a gender transformative intervention to change norms and HIV risk using a theory-based, defined mobilization model, which should increase the potential for impact on desired outcomes and be useful for future scale-up if proven effective. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT0212953

Enhancing studies of the connectome in autism using the autism brain imaging data exchange II

The second iteration of the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE II) aims to enhance the scope of brain connectomics research in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Consistent with the initial ABIDE effort (ABIDE I), that released 1112 datasets in 2012, this new multisite open-data resource is an aggregate of resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and corresponding structural MRI and phenotypic datasets. ABIDE II includes datasets from an additional 487 individuals with ASD and 557 controls previously collected across 16 international institutions. The combination of ABIDE I and ABIDE II provides investigators with 2156 unique cross-sectional datasets allowing selection of samples for discovery and/or replication. This sample size can also facilitate the identification of neurobiological subgroups, as well as preliminary examinations of sex differences in ASD. Additionally, ABIDE II includes a range of psychiatric variables to inform our understanding of the neural correlates of co-occurring psychopathology; 284 diffusion imaging datasets are also included. It is anticipated that these enhancements will contribute to unraveling key sources of ASD heterogeneity

Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak, ed.3/ Lee

viii, 231 hal.; 20 cm

Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak, ed.3/ Lee

viii, 231 hal.; 20 cm

First evidence of the oxidation and regeneration of polysulfides at a GaAs electrode, under anodic conditions. A study by in situ UV - visible spectroelectrochemistry

We report on the oxidation and regeneration, at a GaAs electrode, of polysulfides present in (NH4)2Sn aqueous solutions. The concentration of the polysulfide ions can be monitored by optical absorption spectroscopy. Thus, the variation of their concentration at a "GaAs/(NH4)2Sn solution" interface, under anodic potential, was followed by in situ UV-visible spectroelectrochemistry performed in thin layer conditions and in galvanostatic mode. Under these conditions, the variation of the solution absorption at the interface allowed us, on one hand, to confirm that the polysulfides are oxidized at a GaAs electrode, leading to the release of S, and, on the other hand, to underscore that S reacts with HS- ions to restore polysulfides. Moreover, it was shown that the main polysulfide species present in a 1% (NH4)2Sn aqueous solution is the pentasulfide ion, S52-. Finally, this work shows that under definite conditions of anodic current and electrolyte composition, the surface of the GaAs anode is neither oxidized nor passivated

Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak, ed.3/ Lee

viii, 231 hal.; 20 cm

Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak, ed.3/ Lee

viii, 231 hal.; 20 cm

Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak, ed.3/ Lee

viii, 231 hal.; 20 cm

Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak, ed.3/ Lee

viii, 231 hal.; 20 cm