Coleópteros saproxílicos de interés comunitario en espacios Red Natura 2000 en Gipuzkoa (norte de España).

Cerambyx cerdo, Lucanus cervus, Osmoderma eremita, Rosalia alpina y otras especies de saproxílicos muestran una regresión general en sus tamaños poblacionales y áreas de distribución en Europa. Conocer la distribución y las tendencias de sus poblaciones en los espacios protegidos de la Red Natura 2000 (ERN) es necesario para comprobar la eficacia de éstos en la conservación de escarabajos saproxílicos. Así, en Gipuzkoa se analizó la presencia y la distribución de estas especies en dos ERN no sistemáticamente prospectados previamente, Pagoeta y Hernio-Gatzume, y se iniciaron seguimientos en zonas de los ERN de Aizkorri-Aratz y Aralar en dónde se realizaron actuaciones de conservación. Se realizó una comparación de las metodologías empleadas para mejorar la eficiencia en muestreos futuros. Las poblaciones de O. eremita y de especies de Cetoniidae acompañantes se mostraron en declive. Cerambyx cerdo se detectó en Pagoeta, presentándose en tres ERN de cinco prospectados. Rosalia alpina y L. cervus se encontraron en todos los ERN y más distribuidas dentro de los mismos que las otras especies diana. Los tamaños poblacionales estimados fueron menores a los observados en otras regiones europeas. La inspección visual fue el método más efectivo para muestrear todas las especies diana salvo O. eremita, sólo capturada mediante trampas de feromonas. Con una sola población, O. eremita se encuentra en peligro crítico de extinción en Gipuzkoa. Las medidas de conservación deberían priorizar a O. eremita, después a C. cerdo y seguidamente a R. alpina y L. cervus, además de asegurar la conectividad espacio-temporal de los hábitat

Nivel de eficacia en el control aduanero y su relación con la detección de mercancías de contrabando en la Aduana Marítima por el Grupo Operativo Aduanero de Intervenciones Rápidas durante el periodo 2013.

En el presente trabajo de investigación, se da a conocer la repercusión de los delitos aduaneros en el comercio internacional y el efecto negativo que éstos ocasionan en perjuicio de la economía nacional, así como la importancia de establecer un adecuado sistema de control en la detección de los ilícitos aduaneros, considerando a la gestión de riesgo como el principal elemento para alcanzar este objetivo dentro de un programa de control en una administración aduanera moderna. Se destaca la asistencia mutua entre las administraciones aduaneras y que estas deberían trabajar estrechamente, haciendo uso de la tecnología de la información y del comercio electrónico, debiendo ser éstas técnicas indispensables para que el control aduanero sea eficaz y rentable con el objetivo de agilizar el comercio internacional sin dejar de lado o mermar la función fiscalizadora.Tesi

QSPR modeling of the enthalpy of formation based on Partial Order Ranking

A new predictive method based on Partial Order Ranking is introduced in the realm of the QSPR–QSAR Theory using a single descriptor as variable and which is simple enough to perform calculations by hand. Comparisons are made with a model relying on the Least Squares Method subjected to the modeling of the Enthalpy of Formation from Elements exhibed by a set of 51 hydrocarbon molecules by means of a flexible type descriptor. The results achieved with the proposed method are quite satisfactory and its future aplicability seems to be very promising.Facultad de Ciencias ExactasInstituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicada

Application of a novel ranking approach in QSPR-QSAR

In this study we present a simple algorithm based on the Partial Order Ranking (POR) technique which allows to rank a series of compounds according to their molecular descriptor values. A training set composed of 82 normal boiling points for structurally diverse organic compounds is analyzed by considering a pool of 1202 molecular descriptors obtained from the Dragon 5 software and two “flexible” type of variables. The predictive performance of the proposed approach is assessed by means of a test set of 82 “unknown” structurally related molecules.Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicada

Microcontroller-Based Sinusoidal Voltage Generation for Electrical Bio-Impedance Spectroscopy Applications

A sinusoidal voltage wave generator is proposed based on the use of micro- processor digital signals with programmable duty-cycles, with application to real-time Electrical Cell-substrate Impedance Spectroscopy (ECIS) assays in cell cultures. The working principle relies on the time convolution of the programmed microcontroller (μC) digital signals. The expected frequency is easily tuned on the bio-impedance spectroscopy range [100 Hz, 1 MHz] thanks to the μC clock frequency selection. This system has been simulated and tested on the 8 bits μC Arduino™ Uno with ATmega328 version. Results obtained prove that only three digital signals are required to fit the general specification in ECIS experiments, below 1% THD accuracy, and show the appropriateness of the system for the real-time monitoring of this type of biological experiments.Spanish founded Project: TEC 2013- 46242-C3-1-P: Integrated Microsystem for Cell Culture AssaysFEDE

Effects of litter mixing on litter decomposition and soilproperties along simulated invasion gradients of non-nativetrees

Aims Plant invasions generally lead to mixtures betweennative and non-native litter. We assess the interactionsbetween leaf litters from two invasive non-native trees(Robinia pseudoacia or Ailanthus altissima) and the nativePopulus alba on litter decomposition, nutrient releaseand soil properties along two gradients of invasion.Methods Microcosms with field-collected soil coveredby varying proportions of native and non-native littersimulated the two invasion gradients. We assessed theproportion of remaining litter mass and nutrient mass(N, P, C), and soil C, N-NO3−, total N, and pH, fivetimes throughout a period of 11 months. Observedvalues were compared to the expected values on theassumption of no interactions.Results Litter mass and C mass decayed slower inRobinia and faster in Ailanthus than in Populus. Thethree species immobilized N and P. Soil properties didnot differ across pure litters. Both litter mixture gradientsshowed additive or antagonistic interactions onlitter decomposition, whereas N and P mass were equalor higher than expected. The proportion of non-nativelitter in the mixture had non-linear effects on mostvariables, suggesting that the impact of these nonnativetrees on litter decay levels off or even declinesas they become more abundant.Conclusion The impacts of Ailanthus and Robinia litteron soil processes should not be derived from singlespecies experiments, both due to non-additive effectsand to non-linear responses to litter abundance.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y UniversidadesComunidad de Madri

Primer registro de Rosalia alpina (Linnaeus 1758) (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) en Prunus avium (L.) (Rosaceae)

The use of Prunus avium (L.) as habitat of the legally protected longicorn Rosalia alpina (Linnaeus, 1758) is recorded for the first time. The observations took place in a dying cherry tree located in a garden of a countryside land belonging to the municipality of Asteasu (Gipuzkoa). The presence of adults mating and looking for oviposition sites, exit holes, and one larva inside a dead branch suggest that R. alpina is able to complete its life cycle in the cherry tree. Two other saproxylic species, Cerambyx scopolii Fuessly, 1775 and Ampedus pomonae (Stephens, 1820), were found inside dead branches. In the region of the study area, R. alpina had only been previously recorded on Fagus sylvatica L. trees. Therefore, further research is suggested to determine the importance of other tree species like alternative habitat and their role in the conservation of R. alpina.El empleo de Prunus avium (L.) como hábitat para el longicornio legalmente protegido Rosalia alpina (Linnaeus, 1758) se registra por primera vez. Las observaciones tuvieron lugar en un cerezo moribundo localizado en un jardín en un entorno rural perteneciente al término municipal de Asteasu (Gipuzkoa). La presencia de adultos apareándose y buscando lugares para ovopositar, de orificios de salida y de una larva dentro de una rama muerta, sugieren que la especie es capaz de completar su ciclo biológico en el cerezo. Dentro de las ramas muertas se encontraron otras dos especies de saproxílicos: Cerambyx scopolii Fuessly, 1775 and Ampedus pomonae (Stephens, 1820). En la región del área de estudio, R. alpina sólo había sido previamente citada en ejemplares de Fagus sylvatica L. Por tanto, se recomiendan futuras investigaciones para determinar la importancia de otras especies de árboles como hábitat alternativo y su papel para la conservación de R. alpina

Cell-culture real time monitoring based on bio-impedance measurements

This paper proposes the application of a cell-microelectrode model in cell biometry experiments, using the cell-electrode area overlap as its main parameter. The model can be applied to cell size identification and cell count, and further extended to study cell growth and dosimetry protocols. Experiments have been conducted in AA8 cell line, obtaining promising results.Junta de Andalucía P0-TIC-538

CO2 footprint reduction and efficiency increase using the dynamic rate in overhead power lines connected to wind farms

Since the first wind farms began operating in the early 1980s, several important factors have changed in the overall picture of energy politics worldwide. The total renewable wind energy capacity of Spain currently accounts for more than 20% of the total installed capacity, which makes integration into the grid challenging for wind farm owners as well as electricity transportation and distribution companies. The smart-grid concept, which focuses on real-time monitoring and dynamic rating operation of power lines, is an important component in the solution to these new challenges. This paper explains how a more efficient operation of energy-generating activities via dynamic rating of the electric grid due to a better knowledge of the main parameters contributes to more clean, renewable energy and decreases the CO2 footprint. The dynamic rating operation of a Spanish overhead power line is analysed, and different scenarios are studied. The dynamic rate achieved in 2015 has saved more than 1100 tonnes of CO2 and has generated over 240,000 € of extra income. This dynamic rating operation also increased the actual annual energy generated from 231.5 GW h to 834.7 GW h with only a 2% greater loss along the line due to Joule and magnetic effects.This work was supported by the Spanish Government under the R+D initiative INNPACTO with reference IPT-2011-1447-920000, the Spanish R+D initiative with reference ENE-2013-42720-R and RETOS RTC-2015-3795-3. The authors also acknowledge support from Viesgo

Hypervirial Theorems for 1D Finite Systems: General Boundary Conditions

The finite BC confront us with a problem no previously found in those cases studied in Part A. Let us suppose that ψi, ψj are two functions that obey the BC of the problem, so that they belong to DH. If ω is an arbitrary linear operator, then in general, ωψj. does not belong to DH.Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicada