Re-Employment Probabilities for Spanish Men: What Role Does the Unemployment Benefit System Play?

We analyse the re-employment probabilities of almost 330,000 Spanish men aged 20-59 years who began a unemployment insurance (UI) spell between February 1987 and November 1991 using data derived from the national unemployment benefit administration database (SIPRE) and discrete time duration models with flexible baseline hazards. We show: (i) the level of UI benefits has a relatively small disincentive effect on re-employment rates; (ii) re-employment exit hazards increase as UI exhaustion approaches but, again, the effect is relatively small. (iii) Extensions to Unemployment Assistance eligibility lowered reemployment probabilities. Also (iv) there are clear seasonal and cyclical effects on reemployment rates, and (v) rates are much higher for those who enter UI from a fixed-term employment contract rather than permanent one, and (vi) for young workers. These results are consistent with other research drawing attention to the impact on unemployment of inflexibilities in Spanish labour market institutions, combined with low inter-regional mobility and reliance by many for support via their family.

Are the MCVL tax data useful? Ideas for mining

This article analyzes the tax data from the Spanish “Continuous Sample of Working life”, which contains an overview for each fiscal year of all income tax withholdings and prepayments on earned income, economic activities and income assignments of salaried workers, pensioners and recipients of unemployment benefits. To that end, we present the characteristics of these data; we provide a detailed statistical description for the years 2004-2009, linked to information from personal files and those of contributors to the Spanish social security system; and we highlight the opportunities for analysis of some issues related to the labour market and income distribution.tax data, MCVl, income, labour market, panel dat

The influence of previous labour market experiences on subsequent job tenure

The aim of this paper is to analyse the influence of individual’s previous labour market experiences on the duration of subsequent job matches in the Spanish labour market. The study draws on a sample of workers extracted from a Spanish administrative dataset. We find evidence on the existence of a scarring effect: the longer the time spent in non-employment since previous job separation, the shorter the duration of subsequent re-employment relationships. Other result is that workers whose previous job match terminated due to the ending of a temporary contract are very likely to come back to employment under another temporary job and have a higher probability of job termination. The exhaustion of unemployment benefits also seems to exert a scarring effect on job duration.job tenure, job separations, non-employment, employment.

Sculpture Development as an Informal Activity for Learning Engineering Abilities in K-12 Student

The social changes that have taken place in recent decades have determined the evolution of the educational system. Society nowadays demands new learning methods, focused on an appropriate selection and processing of information instead of memorization. The rise of the Information Technologies has led to different ‘‘Emergent Pedagogies’’. One of them is Informal Learning, which proposes shifting the generation and acquisition of knowledge from the individual to the collective plane. The present research expects to raise K-12 students’ interest in engineering by adopting some methods that are typical of informal learning in the field of formal learning. The objective is to stimulate the group learning processes for the generation of collective knowledge through multidisciplinary team interaction and dialogue. For this purpose, a group of 25 K-12 students organized in subgroups carried out a co-creative project. This project consists in the development of a sculptural assembly made of glazed ceramics over a steel structure, which will be installed in the educational centre. A concurrent project methodology was used to create the sculptural assembly. Here, each student must perform different tasks related to design engineering. An educational model based on Blended Learning was used, which proposes the combination of in-person sessions with virtual work by means of social networks as a group communication medium. Thus, each creative team member contributed with their own Personal Learning Environment in order to enrich the group learning process and provide it with their own personal singularities, thereby turning it into a Personal Learning Network. The experience allowed K-12 students to discover the working process typical of design engineering through a recreational methodology based on Informal Learning. The students were able to make up for their shortcomings in terms of technical and creative skill, while becoming aware of their chances within the field of engineering. The project has been shown to be an incentive for K-12 students regarding their interest in starting engineering studies once they finish their K-12 stageAuthors want to acknowledge the Universitat Jaume I, and its P1.1B2015-30 funds that have enabled the successful development of this work. This work has been conducted as part of the research project ‘‘El arte y el disen˜o en la nueva sociedad digital’’ (code P1.1B2015-30) funded by the Jaume I University (Spain), which focuses on how synergies between several disciplines enable new ways of enrich the process of creating new products

Richard Neutra: travels and sketches

[ES] La obra de Richard Neutra es de sobra conocida a través de diversas publicaciones, en las que en ocasiones se ilustran sus proyectos con unas elegantes perspectivas de presentación realizadas en su día por el arquitecto. Sin embargo, sus dibujos de viaje apenas han sido estudiados y,que nosotros sepamos, siguen sin tratarse en ningún artículo especializado. El presente estudio tiene como finalidad dar a conocer y contextualizar algunos de estos dibujos, que actualmente se custodian en la Library Digital Collections de la Universidad de California en Los Ángeles.[EN] Richard Neutra's architecture is known full well due to several publications. They sometimes contain elegant perspectives of presentation made by the architect in its day to illustrate his projects. However, his travel sketches have been hardly studied and, to the best of our knowledge, they have not yet been analyzed in a specialized paper. The present study has the aim to set some of these sketches, currently housed in the Library Digital Collections of the University of California in Los Angeles, in context and make them public.Montes Serrano, C.; Linares García, F. (2023). Richard Neutra: viajes y dibujos. EGA Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica. 28(48):56-71. https://doi.org/10.4995/ega.2023.200635671284

Us and them: Job quality differences between natives and immigrants in Europe.

Using microdata from the European Union Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS) and aggregate indicators of labour market institutions, this article compares the job quality of native and non-native workers across European countries and analyses the impact of the institutional settings on the job quality differential between both groups. The LFS is used to measure a job quality index for the period 2005–2017. We find that some immigrant groups fare worse than natives, the contribution of the 'composition effect” to explain this differential is large, and the institutional framework affects the immigration gap in job quality. In particular, some labour market institutions (more centralized wage bargaining, stricter employment protection legislation) tend to be detrimental for immigrants relative to natives, while integration policies seem to work well in reducing these differences

Immersive experiences during the conceptual phase of the architectural project: virtual reality as a tool for user participation in the co-creation process

La elevada competencia del mercado actual dificulta la contratación de proyectos singulares de viviendas unifamiliares. Por ello, resulta necesario agudizar el ingenio para ofrecer al cliente una visión diferencial respecto a las propuestas de otros competidores. En este contexto, se propone incorporar al propio usuario en el proceso proyectual durante la fase de desarrollo conceptual de la propuesta constructiva, utilizando la Realidad Virtual (RV). Sumergir al usuario en una experiencia sensorial inmersiva le permitiría vivir su propio espacio habitable antes de ser construido, permitiendo a diseñadores y arquitectos centrar la atención en el estudio personaliza-do de la iluminación natural y el diseño de los paramentos que actuaran como nexo entre el espacio interior y exterior de la vivienda. Esta forma de abordar el proyecto puede suponer una ventaja competitiva que contribuiría al posicionamiento del estudio arquitectónico como referente del mercado. Este trabajo analiza diferentes sistemas RV actuales que podrían ser adaptados durante el proceso de trabajo, y discute la ventaja que supone para los estudios de arquitectura esta metodología del proyecto frente a otras más convencionales.The high competitiveness of the current market makes it difficult to contract unique projects for single-family homes. Therefore, it is necessary to sharpen inventiveness in order to offer the customer a different vision compared to the proposals of other competitors. In this context, we propose to incorporate the user in the design process during the conceptual development stage of the construction proposal, using Virtual Reality (VR). Introducing the user to an immersive sensory experience would allow him/her to live his/her own living space before being built, al-lowing designers and architects to focus attention on the personalized study of natural lighting and the design of the walls that act as a connection between the interior and exterior space of the home. This way of approaching the project can provide a competitive advantage that would contribute to the positioning of the architectural studio as a referent in the market. This paper analyses different cur-rent VR systems that could be adapted during the work process, and discusses the advantage that this project methodology has for architectural studios compared to other more conventional ones.Universitat Jaume I P1·1B2015-30Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2016-75866-C3-1-

Pyroxenites and Megacrysts From Alkaline Melts of the Calatrava Volcanic Field (Central Spain): Inferences From Trace Element Geochemistry and Sr-Nd Isotope Composition

Alkaline volcanic rocks from explosive monogenetic centers often carry an unusual cargo of crystals and rock fragments, which may provide valuable constraints on magma source, ascent and eruption. One of such examples is the Cenozoic Calatrava Volcanic Field in central Spain, a still poorly explored area to address these issues. Clinopyroxene, amphibole and phlogopite appear either as megacryst/phenocrysts or forming fine-grained cumulates (pyroxenite enclaves s.l.) in some eruptive centers of this volcanic field. They have previously been interpreted as cogenetic high-P minerals formed within the upper lithospheric mantle. The presence of Fe-Na-rich green and Mg-Cr-rich colorless clinopyroxene types as phenocryst cores or as oscillatory zoned crystals in pyroxenite enclaves points to a complex evolution of mineral fractionates from petrogenetically related magmas. In trace element chemistry all studied clinopyroxene types show parallel rare earth element patterns irrespective of whether they are megacrysts, colorless or green core phenocrysts, or zoned crystals within pyroxenite cumulates. This similarity indicates a genetic relationship between all the fractionated minerals. This is in agreement with the overlapping of initial 143Nd/144Nd and 87Sr/86Sr ratios of pyroxenite enclaves (0.512793–0.512885 and 0.703268–0.703778) that is within the chemical field of the host magmas and the Calatrava volcanics. The initial 143Nd/144Nd and 87Sr/86Sr ratios of megacrystic clinopyroxene, amphibole and phlogopite show a more restricted range (0.512832–0.512890 and 0.703217–0.703466), also falling within the isotopic composition of the Calatrava volcanic rocks. Deep magmatic systems beneath monogenetic volcanic fields involve several stages of melt accumulation, fractionation and contamination at variable depths. Trace element and isotope mineral chemistry are powerful tools to understand the history of ascent and stagnation of alkaline basaltic magmas and discriminate between magma mixing, wall-rock contamination and closed magmatic system evolution. In our study, we establish a cogenetic origin for green and colorless clinopyroxene as high-pressure precipitates from liquids of different fractionation degrees (up to 80%, for the highly evolved melts equilibrated with the green clinopyroxene), originated from a highly solidified front of silica-undersaturated alkaline magmas at mantle reservoirs

Non-employment and subsequent wage losses

This work is the first attempt to analyse the existence and the magnitude of wage penalties associated with the non-employment experience of individuals in the Spanish labour market. For that, we draw on a sample of Spanish workers across the period 1987-1997 with information coming from an administrative. We find that non-employment brings an earnings set-back but subsequent employment generates substantial recovery. In particular, the impact of past non-employment duration increases with the time spent since previous job separation, individuals with few job interruptions present the shortest wage penalty effect and certain groups of workers (those aged more than 45 years, those laid off, and those in blue collar occupations) suffer larger wage penalties upon re-employment