Amending the Treatment of Defense Production Enterprises Under the U.S. Exon-Florio Provision: A Move Toward Protectionism or Globalism

Discusses the Exon-Florio Provision of the Omnibus Trade & Competitiveness Act. It gives the President of the United States the power to prohibit or to prevent on a temporary basis a non-U.S. corporation from merging with or acquiring a U.S. corporation when the transaction could potentially impair U.S. national security. The Note examines U.S. legislation that regulates direct investment and argues that the U.S. Congress should amend Exon-Florio in order to focus and strengthen the Provision\u27s application to transactions involving U.S. defense production companies. Part I of this Note sets forth the existing procedural and administrative requirements of Exon-Florio and explains several modifications to the Provision that Congress has recently enacted. Part II outlines additional proposed modifications to Exon-Florio that have been presented before Congress and considers such proposals with respect to a recent case involving the Provision. Part III argues that Congress should amend Exon-Florio in order to focus and confine the Provision\u27s application to national defense. This Note concludes that such modifications would be justifiable because they would define national defense as a narrow exception to the traditional U.S. globalist trade policy and, consequently, benefit all those involved in international mergers, acquisitions and takeovers in the United States

The Cost of Free Speech: Resolving the Wedding Vendor Divide

As marriage equality becomes fully realized in the United States, business proprietors increasingly refuse to service same-sex weddings on religious grounds. However, at the same time, state laws protect same-sex couples from discrimination in places open to the public. Such competing values have resulted in a line of “wedding vendor” cases. As the cases continue to proliferate, this Note examines when, and to what extent, the otherwise equally important values of free expression and equality should trump one another. This Note analyzes First Amendment compelled speech claims within the line of wedding vendor cases: specifically, whether wedding goods and services are covered by the Free Speech Clause and, if so, what level of scrutiny a court should employ to determine the constitutionality of an antidiscrimination law. This Note demonstrates that patchiness within the compelled speech doctrine and a lack of clear U.S. Supreme Court guidance after Masterpiece Cakeshop, Ltd. v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission have resulted in a “split” approach to resolving these issues. This Note ultimately argues that if the vendors’ goods and services rise to the level of sufficiently expressive conduct, then a court should apply intermediate scrutiny to an antidiscrimination law incidentally burdening that conduct. In the alternative, this Note provides a legislative solution to mitigate the tension between religious liberty and equality

Marietta Pennsylvania Historic District & The Susquehanna National Heritage Area Designation ArcGIS Story Map

In the spring semester 2019, Honors students enrolled in HON 201 Elizabethtown History: Campus and Community, conducted National Historic Preservation Act Section 106 Reviews documenting historic properties in the National Historic District of Marietta, PA. Kyle Cappucci, a student in the class, built on this research and expanded the scope of the project for SCARP. Cappucci utilized primary sources found in archival collections and historic collection libraries, conducted oral history interviews, worked with government documents, consulted with professional historians in academia, state, and federal agencies. The repositories for sources used in his research was a mixture of print and digital records in libraries, archives, museums, historic sites, and private collections. Cappucci worked carefully with representatives from the Marietta Restoration Associates, Inc., Marietta Historic District, Marietta Borough Council, Social Enterprise Institute at Elizabethtown College, and the consortium RiverStewards and Susquehanna Riverlands. Cappucci created a digital ArcGIS map to publish his research findings. The Marietta Historic District is part of the Susquehanna Pennsylvania Heritage Area. The Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources administers twelve Heritage Areas. Heritage PA is a multi-region asset-based economic development program rooted in Pennsylvania’s natural, cultural, and industrial history. Heritage Areas create cross-sector partnerships enhancing a region’s sense of place and strengthens regional economies. These partnerships create livable communities along the Susquehanna River attracting private investment and housing the products and places driving Pennsylvania’s tourism industry. Cappucci’s research about the historical significance of Marietta is contributing to the work of Susquehanna Heritage. This nonprofit organization collaborates with local, state, and national partners advancing the vision for the Susquehanna Riverlands as a national destination. A National Heritage Area designation will give the state Susquehanna Heritage Area access to federal funding and assistance from the National Park Service

Ecological and Economic Revitalization Through Historic Preservation of the Northwest Lancaster County River Trail in the National Historic District of Marietta, Pennsylvania

Since the spring semester 2019 and every semester since, including two SCARP projects 2019 and 2020 (and now a third 2021); I have been working with Marietta Borough on their asset-based planning process to bring economic development to the local community. I have been collaborating with the grass roots local community action task force called “Our Marietta.” I am launching a “This Place Matters” national campaign for Marietta, created by the National Historic Preservation Trust, to promote the objectives of the “Our Marietta” task force. In my work I have employed the active learning pedagogy from the (NCHC) National Collegiate Honors Council’s City as Text.™ My scholarship has contributed to “Our Marietta’s” asset-based planning process in identifying and mobilizing existing as well as unrecognized resources such as physical, human, social, financial, environmental, political, cultural, and historical assets. This is rooted in the Community Based Learning Component (CBL) of Professor Benowitz’s course Honors/Public Heritage Studies 201: Elizabethtown History: Campus and Community.” Currently, this is the third time I have taken the course. This SCARP project will demonstrate how I have worked with Marietta Borough to cultivate a viable working relationships among local government and business leaders, residents, community based organizations, and regional agencies enacting a plan benefiting the community and economic development future of Marietta Borough

Putting Historic Marietta on The Map: This Place Matters! The National Trust for Historic Preservation and Economic Revitalization

In the spring semester 2019, Honors students enrolled in Professor Jean-Paul Benowitz’s course, Honors History 201 Elizabethtown History: Campus and Community, engaged in a Community Based Learning project, a collaboration between Elizabethtown College and RiverStewards, Inc., conducting research to contribute to the Susquehanna Heritage, Inc.’s nomination of the Susquehanna Riverlands as a National Heritage Area. A National Heritage Area designation will give the Susquehanna State Heritage Area access to federal funding and assistance from the National Park Service. The students conducted NHPA Section 106 Reviews of historically significant properties in the Marietta Historic District and the Chickies Historic District. The students published their findings online through an ArcGIS map. The students presented their findings at Scholarship and Creative Arts Day (SCAD) at Elizabethtown College on Tuesday 16 April 2019 and at Marietta Day on Saturday 11 May 2019 in Marietta. One of the students in the class, Kyle C. Cappucci, expanded the project for Summer Scholarship, Creative Arts, and Research Projects (SCARP) in the summer of 2019. Cappucci broadened the Community Based Learning project to include Marietta Restoration Associates, Inc.; RiverStewards, Inc.; Rivertownes PA USA, Inc.; and Susquehanna Heritage, Inc. Cappucci expanded the scope of the map beyond historical significance to illustrate the contemporary significance of Marietta. Cappucci presented his scholarship to the Marietta Borough Council meeting on Tuesday 9 July 2019 and to the general public at the Marietta Community House on Wednesday 17 July 2019. His presentations entitled: “Putting Historic Marietta on The Map: This Place Matters!” illustrated how the scholarship by the Honors students at Elizabethtown College can bring positive attention to the Marietta Historic District, the Chickies Historic District, and the Northwest Lancaster County River Trail. To this end, Cappucci suggested the Marietta Restoration Associates, Inc. take the lead in launching a historic preservation awareness campaign created by the National Trust for Historic Preservation, called “This Place Matters!” In the spring semester 2020, Honors students again enrolled in Professor Jean-Paul Benowitz’s course, Honors History 201 Elizabethtown History: Campus and Community, to continue their research and contributing to the Susquehanna Heritage, Inc.’s nomination of the Susquehanna Riverlands as a National Heritage Area. The students conducted NHPA Section 106 Reviews of historically significant properties in the Marietta Historic District and the Chickies Historic District. Cappucci published their findings online through two different ArcGIS maps. The students presented their findings at Scholarship and Creative Arts Day (SCAD) via Zoom on Tuesday April 21, 2020. Kyle Cappucci expanded the project for Summer Scholarship, Creative Arts, and Research Projects (SCARP) in the summer of 2020, continuing his research from the summer of 2019. The overall goal of this Summer Scholarship, Creative Arts, and Research Project for 2020 was to get the “This Place Matters: Marietta” Campaign up and running

Believe, Pray, and Obey: Three Indicators of Religiosity in a Jewish Canadian Community

This article examines religiosity among a sample of Jews living in Windsor-Essex County. This study uses three indicators to measure religiosity, including belief in G-d, prayer routine, and the Sabbath. The researcher interviewed fifty members of this community with an age rage between their early twenties to late eighties. The results show that the community has a somewhat moderate belief in G-d but does not pray or honour the Sabbath at comparable levels. To account for this diminished religiosity, Pippa Norris and Ronald Inglehart’s existential security theory will be applied. The article concludes that given the high degree of existential security derived from the sample’s high education level, there is little personal need to adhere to the major tenets of Judaism.   Cet article examine la religiosité parmi un échantillon de Juifs vivant dans le comté de Windsor-Essex. Cette étude se base sur trois indicateurs pour mesurer la religiosité, notamment la croyance en Dieu, la routine de prière et le sabbat. Le chercheur a interrogé cinquante membres de cette communauté dont l’âge varie entre 20 et 80 ans. Les résultats démontrent que la communauté a une croyance assez modérée en Dieu, mais ne prie pas ou n’honore pas le sabbat à des niveaux comparables. Pour rendre compte de cette religiosité diminuée, la théorie de la sécurité existentielle de Pippa Norris et Ronald Inglehart sera appliquée. L’article conclut qu’étant donné le haut degré de sécurité existentielle découlant du haut niveau d’éducation de l’échantillon, il n’est guère nécessaire, sur le plan personnel, d’adhérer aux grands principes du judaïsme

Marietta Pennsylvania Historic District & The Susquehanna National Heritage Area Designation ArcGIS Story Map

In the spring semester 2019, Honors students enrolled in Professor Jean-Paul Benowitz’s course, Honors History 201 Elizabethtown History: Campus and Community, engaged in a Community Based Learning project, a collaboration between Elizabethtown College and RiverStewards, Inc., conducting research to contribute to the Susquehanna Heritage, Inc.’s nomination of the Susquehanna Riverlands as a National Heritage Area. A National Heritage Area designation will give the Susquehanna State Heritage Area access to federal funding and assistance from the National Park Service. The students conducted NHPA Section 106 Reviews of historically significant properties in the Marietta Historic District and the Chickies Historic District. The students published their findings online through an ArcGIS map. The students presented their findings at Scholarship and Creative Arts Day (SCAD) at Elizabethtown College on Tuesday 16 April 2019 and at Marietta Day on Saturday 11 May 2019 in Marietta. One of the students in the class, Kyle C. Cappucci, expanded the project for Summer Scholarship, Creative Arts, and Research Projects (SCARP) in the summer of 2019. Cappucci broadened the Community Based Learning project to include Marietta Restoration Associates, Inc.; RiverStewards, Inc.; Rivertownes PA USA, Inc.; and Susquehanna Heritage, Inc. Cappucci expanded the scope of the map beyond historical significance to illustrate the contemporary significance of Marietta. Cappucci presented his scholarship to the Marietta Borough Council meeting on Tuesday 9 July 2019 and to the general public at the Marietta Community House on Wednesday 17 July 2019. His presentations entitled: “Putting Historic Marietta on The Map: This Place Matters!” illustrated how the scholarship by the Honors students at Elizabethtown College can bring positive attention to the Marietta Historic District, the Chickies Historic District, and the Northwest Lancaster County River Trail. To this end, Cappucci suggested the Marietta Restoration Associates, Inc. take the lead in launching a historic preservation awareness campaign created by the National Trust for Historic Preservation, called “This Place Matters!

Cholesterol and fatty acids oxidation in meat from three muscles of Massese suckling lambs slaughtered at different weights

Eighteen Massese male lambs fed mainly with maternal milk were slaughtered at 11, 14 and 17 kg. Samples of Longissimus dorsi (LD), Triceps brachii (TB) and Semimembranosus (Sm) muscles were collected. Total intramus- cular lipids were extracted by means of a mix- ture of chloroform methanol 2/1. Cholesterol content and its oxidation product (COP) were determined by a gas chromatography appara- tus equipped with an apolar 30 m column. Fatty acid oxidation was evaluated by means of thio- barbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) extracting the sample with aqueous acidic solution. The effect of slaughter weight on oxi- dation of intramuscular lipids was found only in TB muscles. In this muscle the cholesterol content showed a decreasing trend, while the content of COPs significantly increased with the age of animals. Among the COPs, the 7- ketocholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol were the most abundant, followed by α- and β- epoxy-cholesterol and cholestan-triol. The con- tent of TBARS did not vary owing to a similar fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat across weight of slaughter. In any case, the val- ues of TBARS did not reach the threshold of the detection of off-flavour in meat

Assessment of the anthropogenic sediment budget of a littoral cell system (Northern tuscany, italy)

In the present study we describe a straightforward and highly replicable methodology to assess the anthropogenic sediment budget within a coastal system (the Northern Tuscany littoral cell, Italy), specifically selected in a partially natural and partially highly urbanized coastal area, characterized by erosion and accretion processes. The anthropogenic sediment budget has been here calculated as an algebraic sum of sediment inputs, outputs and transfer (m3 ) within a 40 year time interval (1980–2020). Sediment management strongly influences the sediment budget and, even if its evaluation is crucial to assess the efficiency of a coastal management policy, it is often difficult to quantify the anthropogenic contribution to sedimentary processes. Different types of intervention are carried out by a variety of competent authorities over time (Municipalities, Marinas, Port Authorities), and the correct accountability of sediment budget is no longer known, or possible, for the scientific community. In the Northern Tuscany littoral cell, sedimentation is concentrated in a convergent zone and updrift of port structures, which have determined a series of actions, from offshore dumping and disposal into confined facilities (sediment output), to bypassing and redistribution interventions (sediment transfer); conversely, river mouths and coastal areas protected by groins and barriers are subjected to severe erosion and coastline retreat, resulting in many beach nourishments (sediment input). The majority of coastal protection interventions were carried out to redistribute sand from one site to another within the study area (2,949,800 m3 ), while the sediment input (1,011,000 m3 ) almost matched the sediment output (1,254,900 m3 ) in the considered time interval. A negative anthropogenic sediment budget (−243,900 m3 ) is here documented

Anthropic pressures on Nature 2000 Sites: recommendations and monitoring criteria for the pollution emergency response activities within the Orbetello lagoon

L’elevato valore naturalistico e socioeconomico di un Sito Natura 2000 richiede che tutte le attività antropiche che si svolgono al suo interno (es. pesca, turismo, trasporti, attività industriali, etc.) siano gestite in maniera tale da non pregiudicare le specie e gli habitat per i quali l’area è stata designata. Molti di questi Siti sono ambienti di transizione, ovvero zone che costituiscono il passaggio naturale tra terra e mare. La loro posizione di interfaccia tra questi due ambienti li rende ecosistemi unici e biologicamente molto produttivi, sede di meccanismi di regolazione dei processi interattivi della biosfera nelle due fasi, terrestre e marina. In alcuni Siti la presenza di attività antropiche diffuse e prolungate nel tempo ha portato al riscontro di stati di contaminazione elevata, fino all’inclusione di queste zone, o parti di esse, tra i Siti di bonifica di Interesse Nazionale (SIN). Il presente lavoro descrive le linee di indirizzo e le attività di monitoraggio da attuare per la salvaguardia della salute pubblica e dell’ambiente nel corso degli interventi di messa in sicurezza di emergenza predisposti nell’area lagunare antistante l’area industriale Ex Sitoco, all’interno della perimetrazione del SIN di Orbetello, incluso in un Sito di Importanza Comunitaria. Le matrici ambientali potenzialmente a rischio a causa dell’esecuzione di tali interventi sono: acqua, sedimento, biocenosi acquatiche, avifauna, uomo. È altresì importante valutare gli effetti che le ipotetiche modifiche su microscala, apportate a livello di ogni matrice, potrebbero causare nel lungo periodo su macroscala.The high naturalistic and socio-economic value of Natura 2000 sites requires that all human activities performed within their borders (e.g. fishing, tourism, transports, industrial activities) are regulated. Indeed, the site management should assure the effective safeguard of all species and habitats of European interest included in the protected area. A lot of such sites are located in transitional environments, that are areas characterised by a natural progression from the terrestrial to the water environments. Such environments include unique and very productive habitats, and they represent the regulation mechanisms of the interactive processes of the terrestrial and marine biosphere. In some sites, the presence of human activities that are distributed both in space and time has led to high levels of contamination, that in some cases even required their inclusion in Reclamation Sites of National Interest (SIN). The present study describes the planning and monitoring activities to be performed in order to safeguard human and environment health during the actions of MISE in the lagoonal area in front of the industrial area Ex Sitoco, within the borders of the Orbetello SIN, included in a SCI. The environmental parameters that are potentially at risk due to such activities are: water, sediment, water biocenosis, birds, humans. Furthermore, it is important to evaluate the effects that potential variations at the microscale level may cause at the macroscale level