Halving poverty in Mexico

We estimate the required time and the minimum necessary growth rate to halve poverty incidence and poverty intensity in Mexico’s rural and urban areas for a series of counterfactual distribution and growth scenarios. Results show that, given the current income distribution, per capita incomes in the rural area would have to grow faster –in some cases eight times faster– than they have done historically to shrink poverty by half by 2015. In contrast, income in the urban sector would have to grow around 1 per cent per year to reach the same goal, which seems a more reasonable outcome given its behavior in past years.economic growth, millennium development goals, poverty goals, poverty measurement, Mexico.

¿Existe simetría en la artrosis vertebral?

X Congreso Nacional de Paleopatología. Univesidad Autónoma de Madrid, septiembre de 200

Paleopatología de la columna vertebral en la población hispanomusulmana de San Nicolás, (Murcia, S. XI-XIII)

El objetivo general de esta tesis doctoral es profundizar en nuestros conocimientos actuales acerca de una estructura del esqueleto, fundamental en nuestra filogenia, y aún sujeta a múltiples interrogantes: el raquis o columna vertebral. Para nuestra investigación hemos utilizado como muestra de estudio una población arqueológica hispanomusulmana de época medieval (San Nicolás. Murcia, s. XI-XIII), tratando de demostrar que la paleopatología, como disciplina científica dual historicomédica, tiene mucho que aportar no sólo para conocer el pasado sino, también, para iluminar el presente. La denominada "nueva paleopatología", ya no se limita a la elaboración de diagnósticos que demuestren la presencia de determinadas enfermedades en nuestros ancestros, sino que está obligada a intentar conocer su posible porqué y sus consecuencias e implicaciones en el contexto de estudio. La adaptación de la paleopatología "clásica" a estos cambios conceptuales y metodológicos es una tarea difícil. Para demostrarlo, revisamos el estado de la cuestión en estos aspectos, haciendo especial hincapié en las múltiples limitaciones de la paleopatología y proponiendo diversas estrategias para hacerles frente..

Paleopatología del sacro en cazadores recolectores de Patagonia Austral

El sacro es importante para la estabilidad corporal, la fijación de las extremidades inferiores y la protección de los órganos pélvicos. Este hueso puede verse afectado por patologías de índole congénito, degenerativo o multifactorial. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar lesiones sacrales en una muestra bien preservada de cazadores-recolectores de Patagonia Austral y la posible influencia de los factores temporo-espaciales y el estilo de vida, con especial atención al momento de contacto nativo-europeo. Se analizaron 56 sacros adultos de ambos sexos fechados en un amplio rango cronológico (5.200 años AP - s. XX), siguiendo la metodología propuesta por Campo (2003, 2015). Las patologías analizadas mostraron que los individuos originarios que habitaron espacios misionales presentaron mayores niveles de prevalencia que sujetos pre-contacto y post-contacto fuera de la misión, excepto en el caso de los nódulos de Schmörl. Los efectos de la edad y el sexo mostraron un patrón similar al observado en otras poblaciones. Se apreció una alta prevalencia de espondilolisis, similar a la observada en Inuits. Debido a la carencia de una metodología estandarizada en la clasificación de la Espina Bífida Oculta -SBO-, este trabajo propone el uso de la propuesta por Kumar y Tubbs (2011).Sacrum is important for body stability, lowerlimbs attachment and pelvic organs protection. This bone could be affected bycongenital, degenerative or multifactorial pathologies. The aim of thepresent study is to analyse sacral lesions in a sample well preserved remainsfrom Southern Patagonian hunter-gatherers and the possible influences oftemporal-spatial and lifestyle variables, with special attention to theNative-European contact effect. Pathological signs from 56 adult sacral bonesfrom both sexes and comprising a wide chronology range (5200 years BP- 20thcentury), were analyzed following the methodology proposed by Campo (2003,2015). Pathologies analysed showed that native individualswho lived at missionary places presented higher lesion prevalence thanpre-contact and post-contact out of mission samples, except for Schmörl nodes. Ageand sex effect showed similar patterns with respect to other populations. Highprevalence of spondylolysis was observed, similarly to Inuit samples.Fil: D'angelo del Campo, Manuel Domingo. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; EspañaFil: Medialdea, Laura. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; EspañaFil: García Laborde, Pamela. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Salemme, Monica Cira. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Santiago, Fernando Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Campo Martín, Manuel. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; EspañaFil: González Martín, Armando. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; EspañaFil: Guichón, Ricardo Anibal. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; Argentin

¿Normal o patológico? Antropometría y Paleopatología

X Congreso Nacional de Paleopatología. Univesidad Autónoma de Madrid, septiembre de 200

Influencia del estado de preservación de los restos óseos en el diagnóstico paleopatológico

X Congreso Nacional de Paleopatología. Univesidad Autónoma de Madrid, septiembre de 200

Possible environment influence in spine segmentation anomalies

Segmentation anomalies of the spine transformations are relatively common in humans, mainly in adjacent regions. Its aetiology is multifactorial, a combination of genetic, environmental, and epigenetic interaction. A sample of 50 adult individuals of both sexes from two different sites and chronologies of the current Argentine territory was examined. This work proposes a new approach to analyse segmentation anomalies, considering the taphonomic characteristics of the spine, together with the most common occasional contour shifts of such anomalies. Likewise, a bibliographic review was conducted to compile the knowledge achieved to date on this topic. The results showed different patterns of expression of segmentation anomalies among the analysed samples, with the lumbosacral transformations being the most prevalent. The similarities and disparities observed between Southern Patagonian samples and Inuit populations suggest that cold, as an environmental factor, could play an important role in the phenotypic plasticity of human populations. Similarly, hypoxia could influence the sample from Pukará de Tilcara. Due to the scarce existing methodological standardization for addressing segmentation anomalies, a systematization of the methods used to analyse segmentation anomalies is recommended; our approach is a proposal for this purpose.Fil: D'angelo del Campo, Manuel Domingo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento de Biología; España. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Pcia.de Bs.as.. Unidad de Enseñanza Universitaria Quequen.; ArgentinaFil: Pastor, Sara. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento de Biología; EspañaFil: Medialdea, Laura. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento de Biología; EspañaFil: Caballero Grijalba, Mónica. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento de Biología; EspañaFil: Garcia Laborde, Pamela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Grupo de Estudios Interdisciplinarios sobre Poblaciones Humanas de Patagonia Austral; ArgentinaFil: Salemme, Monica Cira. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Campo Martín, Manuel. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento de Biología; EspañaFil: González Martín, Armando. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento de Biología; EspañaFil: Seldes, Verónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas. Sección Antropología Biológica; ArgentinaFil: Guichon, Ricardo Anibal. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Pcia.de Bs.as.. Unidad de Enseñanza Universitaria Quequen.; Argentin

Oral cancer, HPV infection and evidence of sexual transmission

The incidence of oropharyngeal cancer and oral cancer is growing worldwide, both in young non-smokers and in young non-drinkers (smoking and drinking are considered the main risk factors). Epidemiologic studies suggest a strong association between the infection by human papillomavirus (HPV), especially types 16 and 18 (high oncological risk) which have already demonstrated their etiological role in anal tumours as well as in cervix cancer. There is clear epidemiologic evidence that both types of tumours relate to changes in sexual behaviour and that both are linked to sexual transmission of HPV. The number of oral and oropharyngeal cancer cases is rising nowadays, especially among young individuals with no typical toxic habits, such as tobacco and/or alcohol. In this review we set out to update the aspects related to the onset of oral cancer, its relationship with HPV infection and whether this association may be due to the sexual transmission of the virus

Simulation and Thermo-Energy Analysis of Building Types in the Dominican Republic to Evaluate and Introduce Energy Efficiency in the Envelope

The improvement of the energy performance in buildings is key for sustainable development, even more so in the case of the Dominican Republic (DR), which is committed to this goal but which has neither regulation nor specific social behavior in this field. The main goal of this work is double; on one hand it is aimed at providing useable information for those who have the responsibly of making regulation norms and on the other, it is desirable to give an essential, technically proven and handy tool to those involved in the construction sector in improving the envelopes of buildings and to introduce good practices into the management of the energy systems of buildings. A case study of eight administrative buildings located in different climatic zones of the DR was carried out. A simulation tool was used for the study, and one of the buildings was monitored to verify the simulation work. Those factors that affect the development of the buildings in relation to thermo-energy consumption have been detailed. The large-scale heat gains resulting from the common glazing used by the tertiary sector in the Dominican Republic (including office buildings, hospitals and shops among others) illustrate the need for economically viable solutions in this sector. As a conclusion, it has been proved that the incidental thermal load of buildings could be reduced by up to 40%, thus in turn reducing the costs associated with the electricity needed to maintain the users’ desired thermal comfort level, as their influence in this sector is significant

PTSD as an Endothelial Disease: Insights From COVID-19

SARS-CoV-2 virus, the etiologic agent of COVID-19, has affected almost every aspect of human life, precipitating stress-related pathology in vulnerable individuals. As the prevalence rate of posttraumatic stress disorder in pandemic survivors exceeds that of the general and special populations, the virus may predispose to this disorder by directly interfering with the stress-processing pathways. The SARS-CoV-2 interactome has identified several antigens that may disrupt the blood-brain-barrier by inducing premature senescence in many cell types, including the cerebral endothelial cells. This enables the stress molecules, including angiotensin II, endothelin-1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, to aberrantly activate the amygdala, hippocampus, and medial prefrontal cortex, increasing the vulnerability to stress related disorders. This is supported by observing the beneficial effects of angiotensin receptor blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in both posttraumatic stress disorder and SARS-CoV-2 critical illness. In this narrative review, we take a closer look at the virus-host dialog and its impact on the renin-angiotensin system, mitochondrial fitness, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. We discuss the role of furin cleaving site, the fibrinolytic system, and Sigma-1 receptor in the pathogenesis of psychological trauma. In other words, learning from the virus, clarify the molecular underpinnings of stress related disorders, and design better therapies for these conditions. In this context, we emphasize new potential treatments, including furin and bromodomains inhibitors