Polinización por abejas en cultivos promisorios de Colombia

"El presente libro hace parte de los resultados del proyecto de investigación “Valoración de los servicios de polinización por abejas en algunos frutales promisorios de Colombia, financiado por COLCIENCIAS y la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Seleccionamos tres frutales promisorios, es decir aquellos cultivados y aprovechados en forma local, y que a pesar de su importancia son poco conocidos: Agraz (Vaccinium meridionale), fuente de antioxidantes; guayaba chamba (Campomanesia lineatifolia) fruto aromático y delicado aprovechado profusamente en Miraflores (Boyacá) y Cholupa (Passiflora maliformis), prima de la granadilla y el maracuyá, pero también poco conocida fuera de Rivera (Huila). Gracias a esta investigación aprendimos que las abejas son los polinizadores importantes de estos tres frutales. Según la estrategia reproductiva del agraz se estima que el 65% de la producción de frutos depende de la polinización por abejas. Por su parte, la chamba es una especie xenógama obligada y los polinizares son esenciales para la formación de frutos y semillas. En cuanto a la cholupa los ensayos de polinización demuestran que la dependencia de las abejas polinizadoras es alta, ya que sin la acción de estos vectores de polen la producción se reduce un 77.7%. Especies de Melipona, Bombus, Xylocopa y Apis mellifera son algunos de los polinizadores importantes de estas especies vegetales. Con este trabajo se contribuye al desarrollo de los objetivos de la Iniciativa Colombiana de Polinizadores (ICPA) sobre conocimiento, uso sostenible y valoración tanto de los polinizadores como del servicio de polinización prestado por abejas en Colombia.""Agradecimientos Presentación Polinización Agraz Chamba Cholupa Recomendaciones Fuentes de información

Inadequate use of antibiotics in the covid-19 era: effectiveness of antibiotic therapy

Background: Since December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the concept of medicine. This work aims to analyze the use of antibiotics in patients admitted to the hospital due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This work analyzes the use and effectiveness of antibiotics in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 based on data from the SEMI-COVID-19 registry, an initiative to generate knowledge about this disease using data from electronic medical records. Our primary endpoint was all-cause in-hospital mortality according to antibiotic use. The secondary endpoint was the effect of macrolides on mortality. Results: Of 13, 932 patients, antibiotics were used in 12, 238. The overall death rate was 20.7% and higher among those taking antibiotics (87.8%). Higher mortality was observed with use of all antibiotics (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.21–1.62; p <.001) except macrolides, which had a higher survival rate (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.64–0.76; p <.001). The decision to start antibiotics was influenced by presence of increased inflammatory markers and any kind of infiltrate on an x-ray. Patients receiving antibiotics required respiratory support and were transferred to intensive care units more often. Conclusions: Bacterial co-infection was uncommon among COVID-19 patients, yet use of antibiotics was high. There is insufficient evidence to support widespread use of empiric antibiotics in these patients. Most may not require empiric treatment and if they do, there is promising evidence regarding azithromycin as a potential COVID-19 treatment. © 2021, The Author(s)

A 60-million-year Cenozoic history of western Amazonian ecosystems in Contamana, eastern Peru

Weprovide a synopsis of ~60million years of life history in Neotropical lowlands, based on a comprehensive survey of the Cenozoic deposits along the Quebrada Cachiyacu near Contamana in PeruvianAmazonia. The 34 fossilbearing localities identified have yielded a diversity of fossil remains, including vertebrates,mollusks, arthropods, plant fossils, and microorganisms, ranging from the early Paleocene to the lateMiocene–?Pliocene (N20 successive levels). This Cenozoic series includes the base of the Huchpayacu Formation (Fm.; early Paleocene; lacustrine/ fluvial environments; charophyte-dominated assemblage), the Pozo Fm. (middle + ?late Eocene; marine then freshwater environments; most diversified biomes), and complete sections for the Chambira Fm. (late Oligocene–late early Miocene; freshwater environments; vertebrate-dominated faunas), the Pebas Fm. (late early to early late Miocene; freshwater environments with an increasing marine influence; excellent fossil record), and Ipururo Fm. (late Miocene–?Pliocene; fully fluvial environments; virtually no fossils preserved). At least 485 fossil species are recognized in the Contamana area (~250 ‘plants’, ~212 animals, and 23 foraminifera). Based on taxonomic lists from each stratigraphic interval, high-level taxonomic diversity remained fairly constant throughout themiddle Eocene–Miocene interval (8-12 classes), ordinal diversity fluctuated to a greater degree, and family/species diversity generally declined, with a drastic drop in the early Miocene. The Paleocene–?Pliocene fossil assemblages from Contamana attest at least to four biogeographic histories inherited from (i) Mesozoic Gondwanan times, (ii) the Panamerican realm prior to (iii) the time of South America’s Cenozoic “splendid isolation”, and (iv) Neotropical ecosystems in the Americas. No direct evidence of any North American terrestrial immigrant has yet been recognized in the Miocene record at Contamana.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Bovine Tuberculosis in Doñana Biosphere Reserve: The Role of Wild Ungulates as Disease Reservoirs in the Last Iberian Lynx Strongholds

Doñana National Park (DNP) in southern Spain is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve where commercial hunting and wildlife artificial feeding do not take place and traditional cattle husbandry still exists. Herein, we hypothesized that Mycobacterium bovis infection prevalence in wild ungulates will depend on host ecology and that variation in prevalence will reflect variation in the interaction between hosts and environmental risk factors. Cattle bTB reactor rates increased in DNP despite compulsory testing and culling of infected animals. In this study, 124 European wild boar, 95 red deer, and 97 fallow deer were sampled from April 2006 to April 2007 and analyzed for M. bovis infection. Modelling and GIS were used to identify risk factors and intra and inter-species relationships. Infection with M. bovis was confirmed in 65 (52.4%) wild boar, 26 (27.4%) red deer and 18 (18.5%) fallow deer. In the absence of cattle, wild boar M. bovis prevalence reached 92.3% in the northern third of DNP. Wild boar showed more than twice prevalence than that in deer (p<0.001). Modelling revealed that M. bovis prevalence decreased from North to South in wild boar (p<0.001) and red deer (p<0.01), whereas no spatial pattern was evidenced for fallow deer. Infection risk in wild boar was dependent on wild boar M. bovis prevalence in the buffer area containing interacting individuals (p<0.01). The prevalence recorded in this study is among the highest reported in wildlife. Remarkably, this high prevalence occurs in the absence of wildlife artificial feeding, suggesting that a feeding ban alone would have a limited effect on wildlife M. bovis prevalence. In DNP, M. bovis transmission may occur predominantly at the intra-species level due to ecological, behavioural and epidemiological factors. The results of this study allow inferring conclusions on epidemiological bTB risk factors in Mediterranean habitats that are not managed for hunting purposes. Our results support the need to consider wildlife species for the control of bTB in cattle and strongly suggest that bTB may affect animal welfare and conservation

Ruxolitinib in refractory acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease : a multicenter survey study

Graft-versus-host disease is the main cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. First-line treatment is based on the use of high doses of corticosteroids. Unfortunately, second-line treatment for both acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease, remains a challenge. Ruxolitinib has been shown as an effective and safe treatment option for these patients. Seventy-nine patients received ruxolitinib and were evaluated in this retrospective and multicenter study. Twenty-three patients received ruxolitinib for refractory acute graft-versus-host disease after a median of 3 (range 1-5) previous lines of therapy. Overall response rate was 69.5% (16/23) which was obtained after a median of 2 weeks of treatment, and 21.7% (5/23) reached complete remission. Fifty-six patients were evaluated for refractory chronic graft-versus-host disease. The median number of previous lines of therapy was 3 (range 1-10). Overall response rate was 57.1% (32/56) with 3.5% (2/56) obtaining complete remission after a median of 4 weeks. Tapering of corticosteroids was possible in both acute (17/23, 73%) and chronic graft-versus-host disease (32/56, 57.1%) groups. Overall survival was 47% (CI: 23-67%) at 6 months for patients with aGVHD (62 vs 28% in responders vs non-responders) and 81% (CI: 63-89%) at 1 year for patients with cGVHD (83 vs 76% in responders vs non-responders). Ruxolitinib in the real life setting is an effective and safe treatment option for GVHD, with an ORR of 69.5% and 57.1% for refractory acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease, respectively, in heavily pretreated patients

VOLUMEN 23, NÚMERO 38 (2001)

Callawayasaurus colombiensis (Welles) Carpenter 1999. EL PLESIOSAURIO DE VILLA DE LEYVA (BOYACÁ, COLOMBIA). ¿UN NUEVO ESPÉCIMEN?. Jerez Jaimes, J. H.; Narváez Parra, E. X.DISTRIBUCIÓN ESPACIAL Y RELACIÓN ENTRE ORGANISMOS FÓSILES. BREVE SÍNTESIS PALEOECOLÓGICA de Toxaster colombianus y Thalassinoides. Cruz Guevara, L. E., Jerez Jaimes, J. H., Narváez Parra, E. X., Franco Blanco, R. A.EDADES POR TRAZAS DE FISIÓN DE CIRCONES PROVENIENTES DE LA FORMACIÓN SALDAÑA, VALLE SUPERIOR DEL MAGDALENA. Schwabe, E; Toro, G.; Kairuz Ch.; Ferreira, POCURRENCIA, COMPOSICIÓN QUÍMICA Y SIGNIFICADO GENÉTICO DE LA BIOTITA EN LAS ROCAS METAMÓRFICAS DE LA FORMACIÓN SILGARÁ EN LA REGIÓN SUROCCIDENTAL DEL MACIZO DE SANTANDER. Ríos Reyes, C. APRIMERA OCURRENCIA DE LOS TRES POLIMORFOS DE Al2SiO5 EN LAS ROCAS METAPELÍTICAS DE LA FORMACIÓN SILGARÁ, REGIÓN SUROCCIDENTAL DEL MACIZO DE SANTANDER. Ríos Reyes, C. A.; García Ramírez, C. AESTUDIO DE LOS FLUÍDOS HIDROTERMALES ASOCIADOS A LAS MINERALIZACIONES DE FLUORITA SECTOR CEPITÁ-PESCADERO, MACIZO DE SANTANDER. Mantilla, L. C.; Quintero, C.; Mesa, A.; García Ramírez, C. A.; Bartels, H.ESTUDIO DE LOS PALEOFLUIDOS EN LA FORMACIÓN SILGARÁ Y SU RELACIÓN CON PROCESOS DE DEFORMACIÓN. SECTOR ARATOCA-PESCADERO (SW DEL MACIZO DE SANTANDER). Mantilla Figueroa, L. C.; Ordóñez Calderón, J.; Cepeda Espitia, S.; Ríos Reyes, C. A.DESARROLLO DE UNA ESQUISTOSIDAD TECTÓNICA, ASOCIADA AL PASO DE FLUIDOS HIDROTERMALES. CUENCA CRETÁCICA DE CAMEROS (LA RIOJA - ESPAÑA). Mantilla Figueroa, L. C

VOLUMEN 23, NÚMERO 38 (2001)

Callawayasaurus colombiensis (Welles) Carpenter 1999. EL PLESIOSAURIO DE VILLA DE LEYVA (BOYACÁ, COLOMBIA). ¿UN NUEVO ESPÉCIMEN?. Jerez Jaimes, J. H.; Narváez Parra, E. X.DISTRIBUCIÓN ESPACIAL Y RELACIÓN ENTRE ORGANISMOS FÓSILES. BREVE SÍNTESIS PALEOECOLÓGICA de Toxaster colombianus y Thalassinoides. Cruz Guevara, L. E., Jerez Jaimes, J. H., Narváez Parra, E. X., Franco Blanco, R. A.EDADES POR TRAZAS DE FISIÓN DE CIRCONES PROVENIENTES DE LA FORMACIÓN SALDAÑA, VALLE SUPERIOR DEL MAGDALENA. Schwabe, E; Toro, G.; Kairuz Ch.; Ferreira, POCURRENCIA, COMPOSICIÓN QUÍMICA Y SIGNIFICADO GENÉTICO DE LA BIOTITA EN LAS ROCAS METAMÓRFICAS DE LA FORMACIÓN SILGARÁ EN LA REGIÓN SUROCCIDENTAL DEL MACIZO DE SANTANDER. Ríos Reyes, C. APRIMERA OCURRENCIA DE LOS TRES POLIMORFOS DE Al2SiO5 EN LAS ROCAS METAPELÍTICAS DE LA FORMACIÓN SILGARÁ, REGIÓN SUROCCIDENTAL DEL MACIZO DE SANTANDER. Ríos Reyes, C. A.; García Ramírez, C. AESTUDIO DE LOS FLUÍDOS HIDROTERMALES ASOCIADOS A LAS MINERALIZACIONES DE FLUORITA SECTOR CEPITÁ-PESCADERO, MACIZO DE SANTANDER. Mantilla, L. C.; Quintero, C.; Mesa, A.; García Ramírez, C. A.; Bartels, H.ESTUDIO DE LOS PALEOFLUIDOS EN LA FORMACIÓN SILGARÁ Y SU RELACIÓN CON PROCESOS DE DEFORMACIÓN. SECTOR ARATOCA-PESCADERO (SW DEL MACIZO DE SANTANDER). Mantilla Figueroa, L. C.; Ordóñez Calderón, J.; Cepeda Espitia, S.; Ríos Reyes, C. A.DESARROLLO DE UNA ESQUISTOSIDAD TECTÓNICA, ASOCIADA AL PASO DE FLUIDOS HIDROTERMALES. CUENCA CRETÁCICA DE CAMEROS (LA RIOJA - ESPAÑA). Mantilla Figueroa, L. C

HTLV-1 infection in solid organ transplant donors and recipients in Spain

HTLV-1 infection is a neglected disease, despite infecting 10-15 million people worldwide and severe illnesses develop in 10% of carriers lifelong. Acknowledging a greater risk for developing HTLV-1 associated illnesses due to immunosuppression, screening is being widely considered in the transplantation setting. Herein, we report the experience with universal HTLV testing of donors and recipients of solid organ transplants in a survey conducted in Spain. All hospitals belonging to the Spanish HTLV network were invited to participate in the study. Briefly, HTLV antibody screening was performed retrospectively in all specimens collected from solid organ donors and recipients attended since the year 2008. A total of 5751 individuals were tested for HTLV antibodies at 8 sites. Donors represented 2312 (42.2%), of whom 17 (0.3%) were living kidney donors. The remaining 3439 (59.8%) were recipients. Spaniards represented nearly 80%. Overall, 9 individuals (0.16%) were initially reactive for HTLV antibodies. Six were donors and 3 were recipients. Using confirmatory tests, HTLV-1 could be confirmed in only two donors, one Spaniard and another from Colombia. Both kidneys of the Spaniard were inadvertently transplanted. Subacute myelopathy developed within 1 year in one recipient. The second recipient seroconverted for HTLV-1 but the kidney had to be removed soon due to rejection. Immunosuppression was stopped and 3 years later the patient remains in dialysis but otherwise asymptomatic. The rate of HTLV-1 is low but not negligible in donors/recipients of solid organ transplants in Spain. Universal HTLV screening should be recommended in all donor and recipients of solid organ transplantation in Spain. Evidence is overwhelming for very high virus transmission and increased risk along with the rapid development of subacute myelopathy