Experimental investigation of pressure applied on the lower leg by elastic compression bandage

International audienceCompression therapy with stockings or bandage is the most common treatment for venous or lymphatic disorders. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of bandage mechanical properties, application technique and subject morphology on the interface pressure, which is the key of this treatment. Bandage stretch and interface pressure measurements (between the bandage and theleg) were performed on 30 healthy subjects (15 men and 15 women) at two different heights on the lower leg and in two positions (supine and standing). Two bandages were applied with two application techniques by a single operator. The statistical analysis of the results revealed: no significant difference in pressure between men and women, except for the pressure variation between supine and standing position; a very strong correlation between pressure and bandage mechanical properties (p<0.00001) and between pressure and bandage overlapping (p<0.00001); a significant pressure increase from supine to standing positions (p<0.0001). Also, it showed that pressure tended to decrease when leg circumference increased. Overall, pressure applied by elastic compression bandages varies with subject morphology, bandage mechanical properties and application technique. A better knowledge of the impact of these parameters on the applied pressure may lead to a more effective treatment

Sur des approches logicielles avancées pour le traitement de multiphysiques couplées en mécanique

Les couplages multiphysiques, en particulier dans les matériaux poreux, couvrent de nos jours de plus en plus de domaines d'application. Ces problématiques font en général intervenir de nombreux champs couvrant plusieurs physiques à des échelles de temps et d'espace très différentes. Un des enjeux cruciaux des aspects liés à la modélisation est de facilement et rapidement intégrer les nouveaux modèles dans des logiciels de simulation, afin d'une part de valider les approches, et d'autre part, de proposer en un temps raisonnable des solutions logicielles prédictives adaptées au milieu industriel. Le but de cette communication est de mettre en perspective deux approches de développement logiciel dans le cadre de la modélisation de systèmes multiphysiques complexes, l'une classique et l'autre avancée en orientée objet

Characterization of Fabric-to-Fabric Friction: Application to Medical Compression Bandages

Fabric-to-fabric friction is involved in the action mechanism of medical compression devices such as compression bandages or lumbar belts. To better understand the action of such devices, it is essential to characterize, in their use conditions (mainly pressure and stretch), the frictional properties of the fabrics they are composed of. A characterization method of fabric-to-fabric friction was developed. This method was based on the customization of the fourth instrument of the Kawabata Evaluation System, initially designed for fabric roughness and friction characterization. A friction contactor was developed so that the stretch of the fabric and the applied load can vary to replicate the use conditions. This methodology was implemented to measure the friction coefficient of several medical compression bandages. In the ranges of pressure and bandage stretch investigated in the study, bandage-to-bandage friction coefficient showed very little variation. This simple and reliable method, which was tested for commercially available medical compression bandages, could be used for other medical compression fabrics

Impact of volatile phenols and their precursors on wine quality and control measures of Brettanomyces/Dekkera yeasts

Volatile phenols are aromatic compounds and one of the key molecules responsible for olfactory defects in wine. The yeast genus Brettanomyces is the only major microorganism that has the ability to covert hydroxycinnamic acids into important levels of these compounds, especially 4-ethylphenol and 4-ethylguaiacol, in red wine. When 4-ethylphenols reach concentrations greater than the sensory threshold, all wine’s organoleptic characteristics might be influenced or damaged. The aim of this literature review is to provide a better understanding of the physicochemical, biochemical, and metabolic factors that are related to the levels of p-coumaric acid and volatile phenols in wine. Then, this work summarizes the different methods used for controlling the presence of Brettanomyces in wine and the production of ethylphenols

Topology Optimization For Winding in Electric Motors

Electrical machines consumed the amount of 9’346 TWh in 2019, corresponding to more than 40% of the total global electricity consumption. With the growing demand for automation of production lines and electrification of the transport industry, this value is likely to increase in the next years. Improving the performance of electrical machines will and already plays a key role in better managing our society’s energy consumption. In order to achieve this, in this work I develop the premises of a new Topology Optimization (TO) framework based on the method of moving morphable components (MMC). It allows to automatically design the best shapes of the motor’s components. Initially developed for structural mechanics, TO directly investigate the ideal distribution of material in space. This novel method often results in organic shapes. The goal of this project is to adapt an already existing TO framework from [9] adapted and written in Python, to design the winding of a linear motor.LA

Contribution à la prédiction des conséquences mécaniques des phénomènes thermo-hydriques couplés : Application au bois.

Les effets de sollicitations climatiques variables, combinées à un chargement mécanique, entraînent dans certains matériaux des accumulations différées de contraintes et de déformations. Les travaux de recherches en mécanique sorientent donc de plus en plus vers la compréhension du comportement des matériaux, associée au développement de lois mathématiques capables dintégrer des mécanismes multi-physiques couplés. Lobjectif de ce travail consiste à développer un outil numérique capable dapporter une contribution à la prédiction du comportement mécanique dun matériau complexe tel que le bois, en vue dune optimisation des utilisations, de la durée de vie et des procédés de mise en forme, de fabrication ou dassemblage. La première partie permet détablir létat des connaissances physico-mécaniques du bois. Un rappel des notions importantes sur son caractère hydrophile est essentiel pour une bonne compréhension des phénomènes sinitiant au sein du matériau. De nombreux modèles numériques macroscopiques développés ces vingt dernières années permettent dapporter des éléments pour la compréhension du comportement mécanique du bois et des phénomènes de transferts de masse et de chaleur associés. Les outils développés ne sont souvent appropriés que pour létude des phénomènes mécanosorptifs se développant dans la direction longitudinale ou dans les directions transverses. La seconde partie aborde la mise au point de loutil numérique thermo-hydro-viscoélastique orthotrope 3D qui prend en compte les différents paramètres pilotant la réponse du matériau (taux de variation hydrique, histoire de ces variations, niveau de contraintes équivalentes établi selon un critère 3D). Enfin la troisième partie a trait à lexploitation des outils numériques développés. Les différents paramètres mécanosorptifs du modèle sont recalés à partir de plusieurs applications dune large diversité

Coordination and control of a group of ground robots

The aim of this project was to assemble, interconnect, and program a group of ground robots. The objective of the robot control is to cooperatively complete a set of tasks where each task represents a goal location that needs to be visited. For the hardware implementation so-called JetBots, which are based on the Nvidia Jetson Nano platform, were used in connection with a visual motion tracking system by OptiTrack. In this presentation, the core concepts of the implementation will be presented and the results will be demonstrated with a multi-robot experiment. This report presents the core concepts behind the implementation of such a framework and finally presents how each one of these components had been put together to form the entire system.SYCAMOR

Towards synthetic oligosaccharide-based conjugates as potential vaccines against bacillary dysentery : Synthesis of oligosaccharides mimicking Shigella flexneri serotype 6 O-antigen fragments

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De la fresque au roman et du roman à la fresque : le dialogue au service de la polyphonie dans Le Judas de Léonard de Leo Perutz

Chassagne Jean-Pierre. De la fresque au roman et du roman à la fresque : le dialogue au service de la polyphonie dans Le Judas de Léonard de Leo Perutz. In: Cahiers d'Études Germaniques, numéro 47, 2004/2. Dialogues. Etudes réunies en hommage au Professeur René Girard. pp. 185-195