On Minimax Fractional Optimality Conditions with Invexity

AbstractUnder different forms of invexity conditions, sufficient Kuhn–Tucker conditions and three dual models are presented for the minimax fractional programming

Maser-beam instability of Bernstein waves

The present study constitutes a continuation and improvement of the preceding work by Yoon et al. [J. Geophys. Res. 104, 19801 (1999)]. In the present discussion, an instability of Bernstein waves excited by a beam of energetic electrons is investigated. Special attention is paid to the regime where the ratio of plasma frequency, vpe , to electron gyrofrequency, Ve , is sufficiently higher than unity. An approximate but fairly accurate scheme is introduced to deal with the situation dictated by the condition, vpe 2 /Ve 2e1. The present investigation is motivated by the research in solar radiophysics. However, in this article the emphasis is placed on basic properties of the instability rather than its application

Gauge Invariant Geometric Variables For Yang-Mills Theory

In a previous publication [1], local gauge invariant geometric variables were introduced to describe the physical Hilbert space of Yang-Mills theory. In these variables, the electric energy involves the inverse of an operator which can generically have zero modes, and thus its calculation is subtle. In the present work, we resolve these subtleties by considering a small deformation in the definition of these variables, which in the end is removed. The case of spherical configurations of the gauge invariant variables is treated in detail, as well as the inclusion of infinitely heavy point color sources, and the expression for the associated electric field is found explicitly. These spherical geometries are seen to correspond to the spatial components of instanton configurations. The related geometries corresponding to Wu-Yang monopoles and merons are also identified.Comment: 21 pp. in plain TeX. Uses harvmac.te

The Inert Gas Effect On The Rate Of Evaporation Of Zinc And Cadmium

An experimental study has been made to investigate the effect of argon and helium on the rate of evaporation of zinc and cadmium under one atmosphere pressure at temperatures ranging from 500 to 850°C. The experimental results were compared with the maximum rates calculated using the effusion formula as well as with values obtained using two different types of equations based on kinetic theory, diffusion theory, and empirical data. Equations have been derived for expressing the rate of evaporation of zinc and cadmium in both argon and helium as functions of temperature of the liquid zinc and cadmium. It was found that the rates of evaporation of zinc and cadmium were higher in helium than in argon, with the difference increasing with increasing temperature. It was also found that the experimental results obtained in argon agree with the calculated values better than those obtained in helium. © 1980 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society - ASM Materials - The Materials Information Society

PIN69 Cost Utility Analysis of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Malaysia

Farrando Sicilia, Jordi; Lecea, Ignasi de; Fuente Fuente, Carlos; Ribas Seix, Anna; Masana Padrós, Judit; Delgado, José L

Androgens and coronary artery disease

This chapter reviews data that examine the relationship between androgens and coronary artery disease (CAD) in men. Androgens can exert both beneficial and deleterious actions on a myriad of factors implicated in the pathogenic mechanisms of atherosclerosis and CAD. Androgen/androgen receptor (AR) can modulate arterial disease and vascular function via genomic (AR) or non-genomic mechanisms in animal models and in vitro experimental studies. The diversity and complexity of the actions of testosterone (and its metabolites E2 and DHT) and DHEA on the vasculature reflect the multiple cellular targets in the vessel wall, differences between species, gender, concomitant disease and, most importantly, level/dosage of testosterone exposure. At present, it is not possible to determine the net effect of androgens on CAD pathogenesis and clinical outcomes. While observational clinical studies showed a consistent association between low testosterone and CAD (risk factors, events and mortality), and some experimental studies may suggest positive effects of androgens on CAD risk factors, body composition and individual vascular mechanisms, it is hazardous to suggest that manipulation of the androgenic milieu will result in clinical benefits in a complex multifactorial condition such as CAD. This ongoing uncertainty also underlines recent concerns regarding the possibility of adverse cardiovascular side effects in androgen treatment of endocrine and non-endocrine conditions, hampering efforts to exploit the potential therapeutic benefits of testosterone for men in the treatment of osteoporosis, sarcopaenia, chronic debilitating disease and obesity-related hypoandrogenism in the ageing male population. Large-scale prospective randomised placebo-controlled trials of sufficient size and duration are urgently needed to assess not only the benefits in terms of meaningful clinical benefits and patient-important outcomes but also to document the risks of serious adverse events in testosterone treatment. In the meantime, for patients with established pathological hypogonadism, there are no substantive data to suggest that physiological testosterone therapy is associated with increased cardiovascular risk and their management should not deviate from current recommended practice. For complete coverage of this and related topics, please visit www.endotext.org

Did Information Amount Matter in Framing Effect?

Framing the product attribute(s) in either positive or negative way can result in different responses. This phenomenon is referred to attribute framing effect. This article reported results from a laboratory experiment which examines the influence of message framing and information amounts on Internet buyers’ judgments. The amount of information was defined in terms of the number of attribute information of the target product. The result indicated significant framing effects no matter how much attribute information was presented. Positive information leads to more favorable responses than negative information. In addition, respondents who were exposed to more amounts of positive information showed more favorable evaluations than those who were exposed to less amounts of positive information condition. However, more amounts of negative information did not result in less favorable responses

Decline of Yangtze River water and sediment discharge: Impact from natural and anthropogenic changes

The increasing impact of both climatic change and human activities on global river systems necessitates an increasing need to identify and quantify the various drivers and their impacts on fluvial water and sediment discharge. Here we show that mean Yangtze River water discharge of the first decade after the closing of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) (2003-2012) was 67 km(3)/yr (7%) lower than that of the previous 50 years (1950-2002), and 126 km(3)/yr less compared to the relatively wet period of pre-TGD decade (1993-2002). Most (60-70%) of the decline can be attributed to decreased precipitation, the remainder resulting from construction of reservoirs, improved water-soil conservation and increased water consumption. Mean sediment flux decreased by 71% between 1950-1968 and the post-TGD decade, about half of which occurred prior to the pre-TGD decade. Approximately 30% of the total decline and 65% of the decline since 2003 can be attributed to the TGD, 5% and 14% of these declines to precipitation change, and the remaining to other dams and soil conservation within the drainage basin. These findings highlight the degree to which changes in riverine water and sediment discharge can be related with multiple environmental and anthropogenic factors

Penta-quark states with hidden charm and beauty

More and more hadron states are found to be difficult to be accommodated by the quenched quark models which describe baryons as 3-quark states and mesons as antiquark-quark states. Dragging out an antiquark-quark pair from the gluon field in hadrons should be an important excitation mechanism for hadron spectroscopy. Our recent progress on the penta-quark states with hidden charm and beauty is reviewed.Comment: Plenary talk at the 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics 2011 (APFB2011), 22-26 Aug., 2011, Seoul, Kore