Effects of Chronic Waterborne Nickle Exposure on Two Successive Generations of \u3cem\u3eDaphnia Magna\u3c/em\u3e

In a 21-d chronic toxicity test in which an F0 generation of Daphnia magna were exposed to waterborne Ni, the noobservable-effect concentration (for survival, reproduction, and growth) was 42 μg Ni L-1, or 58% of the measured 21-d median lethal concentration (LC50) of 71.9 μg Ni L-1 (95% confidence interval, 56.5–95.0). Chronic exposure to 85 μg Ni L-1 caused marked decreases in survival, reproduction, and growth in F0 animals. In the F1 generation (daphnids born of mothers from the chronically exposed F0 generation), animals chronically exposed to 42 μg Ni L-1 for 11 d weighed significantly less (20%) than controls, indicating increased sensitivity of F1 animals. Additionally, in this successive generation, significant decreases in whole-body levels of metabolites occurred following exposure to both 42 μg Ni L-1 (decreased glycogen and adenosine triphosphate [ATP]) and 21 μg Ni L-1 (decreased ATP). No significant changes were observed in whole-body total lipid, total protein, and lactate levels at any concentration. Whereas F1 neonates with mothers that were exposed to 21 μg Ni L-1 showed increased resistance to acute Ni challenge, as measured by a significant (83%) increase in the acute (48-h) LC50, F1 neonates with mothers that were exposed to 42 μg Ni L-1 were no more tolerant of acute Ni challenge than control animals were. Nickel accumulations in F1 animals chronically exposed to 21 and 42 μg Ni L-1 were 11- and 18-fold, respectively, above control counterparts. The data presented suggest that chronic Ni exposure to two successive generations of D. magna lowered the overall energy state in the second generation. Whereas the quantity of neonates produced was not affected, the quality was; thus, environmentally meaningful criteria for regulating waterborne Ni concentrations in freshwater require consideration of possible multigenerational effects

PENGARUH BUDAYA ORGANISASI TERHADAP KOMITMEN ORGANISASIONAL

PENGARUH BUDAYA ORGANISASI TERHADAP KOMITMEN ORGANISASIONA

Early Detection of Wild Rocket Tracheofusariosis Using Hyperspectral Image-Based Machine Learning

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani is responsible for wilting wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia L. [D.C.]). A machine learning model based on hyperspectral data was constructed to monitor disease progression. Thus, pathogenesis after artificial inoculation was monitored over a 15-day period by symptom assessment, qPCR pathogen quantification, and hyperspectral imaging. The host colonization by a pathogen evolved accordingly with symptoms as confirmed by qPCR. Spectral data showed differences as early as 5-day post infection and 12 hypespectral vegetation indices were selected to follow disease development. The hyperspectral dataset was used to feed the XGBoost machine learning algorithm with the aim of developing a model that discriminates between healthy and infected plants during the time. The multiple cross-prediction strategy of the pixel-level models was able to detect hyperspectral disease profiles with an average accuracy of 0.8. For healthy pixel detection, the mean Precision value was 0.78, the Recall was 0.88, and the F1 Score was 0.82. For infected pixel detection, the average evaluation metrics were Precision: 0.73, Recall: 0.57, and F1 Score: 0.63. Machine learning paves the way for automatic early detection of infected plants, even a few days after infection

automatic features recognition for anthropometry

Abstract For the purpose of reducing uncertainties in the measurements of morphologically complex biological objects, the authors present a new automatic method, which takes advantage from the representation of the object in the form of the 3D geometric model obtained from CT-scans or 3D scanning. In this paper, the method is verified in real cases and compared with the traditional approaches

Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Climate Exchange in Indonesian Hajj Pilgrims: Community Based Study Islamic Year 1427

Background: Upper gastrointestinal symptoms rank among the three most common diseases for Indonesian hajj pilgrims in last 4 years. The prevalence was 22-34% per hajj season. Most of the cases were dyspepsia syndrome and Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). The internal risk factor of Upper gastrointestinal symptoms is largely known, but not for external factor such as environment and climate. Aim: To examine the association between climate exchange and upper gastrointestinal symptoms Methods: Dynamic population of 204,941 Indonesian Hajj Pilgrims in Islamic year 1427 were included for this study. Multiphase screening in Indonesia found the prevalence of upper gastrointestinal symptoms was 3.32%. Prospective follow up for upper gastrointestinal symptom-based on community health services (flight group/kloter and maktab policlinic/polimaktab) and hospital base (Sub Balai Pengobatan Haji Indonesia, Balai Pengobatan Haji Indonesia [BPHI] and Saudi Arabia hospital) was conducted in Saudi Arabia. Results: The incidence rate of the upper gastrointestinal symptoms was 2.4 per mile (95% CI = 1.8 -3.1). There was no significant difference among male and female p = 0.279 (95% CI = 0.18- 5.3) and there was significant difference among work area (Daker) p = 0.001 (95% CI = 50.4-182.5). There was no significant correlation between upper gastrointestinal symptoms and temperature or humidity in 3 work area (p = 0.155) Mecca, Medina and Jeddah. Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between climate exchanges to the upper gastrointestinal symptoms

Pengaruh Profitabilitas Ukuran Perusahaan Pertumbuhan Penjualan Likuiditas Pertumbuhan Perusahan Pajak dan Struktur Aktiva terhadap Struktur Modal (Penelitian pada Perusahaan Sektor Industri Dasar dan Kimia yang Terdaftar di BEI pada Tahun (2012-2015)

Penelitian ini berjudul pengaruh profitabilitas, ukuran perusahaan, pertumbuhan penjualan, likuiditas, pertumbuhan perusahaan, pajak dan strutur aktiva terhadap struktur modal. penelitian ini dilakukan pada perusahaan industri dasar dan kimia yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesa selama periode 2012-2015. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan metode purposive sampling, dan diperoleh 16 perusahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan atau pengaruh antara dua variabel atau lebih. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis regresi berganda dan uji asumsi klasik menggunakan SPSS 17. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan koefisien determinasi, uji F-statistik dan uji t-statistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa profitabilitas, ukuran perusahaan, pertumbuhan penjualan, likuiditas, pertumbuhan perusahaan, pajak dan strutur aktiva berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap struktur modal. Sedangkan secara parsial, profitabilitas, likuiditas, dan strutur aktiva berpengaruh negatif terhadap struktur modal. Ukuran perusahaan dan pajak berpengaruh positif terhadap struktur modal. Sedangkan pertumbuhan penjualan dan pertumbuhan perusahaan tidak berpengaruh terhadap struktur modal. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi tolak ukur untuk memilih struktur modal yang tepat dengan menyeimbangkan antara penggunaan hutang dan modal sendiri. Investor dapat mempertimbangkan sebelum menanamkan modalnya pada suatu perusaahaa