Dynamic modelling and estimation of the error due to asynchronism in a redundant asynchronous multiprocessor system

The use of Redundant Asynchronous Multiprocessor System to achieve ultrareliable Fault Tolerant Control Systems shows great promise. The development has been hampered by the inability to determine whether differences in the outputs of redundant CPU's are due to failures or to accrued error built up by slight differences in CPU clock intervals. This study derives an analytical dynamic model of the difference between redundant CPU's due to differences in their clock intervals and uses this model with on-line parameter identification to idenitify the differences in the clock intervals. The ability of this methodology to accurately track errors due to asynchronisity generate an error signal with the effect of asynchronisity removed and this signal may be used to detect and isolate actual system failures

The effects of temporal orientation on reasoning over relationship conflicts

Past research on construal level theory (CLT) has shown that adopting a temporally distant (vs. temporally close) orientation facilitates a more abstract, “bigger picture” representation of events. Furthermore, research on other forms of psychological distance (e.g., self-distance) has linked abstract representations of past interpersonal negative events to positive psychological benefits, such as reduced negative affect. Despite this connection, little work has been done looking at how temporal distance, a form of psychological distance, may also result in positive psychological outcomes. Moreover, few have explored the effects of temporal distance on reasoning within an interpersonal context. Provided the past literature on psychological distance, I hypothesize that a distant temporal orientation when reasoning over a recent romantic relationship conflict will result in greater abstract representations of the past conflict. Given that the context is in an interpersonal domain, I predict that the abstract representation will manifest itself through a more inclusive reasoning strategy, which will lead to beneficial reasoning strategies for the relationship. I test these hypotheses by randomly assigning participants to a present-oriented mindset, or a future-oriented mindset when reflecting on their past conflict. Results from two experiments (Study 1: College students; Study 2: Age-heterogeneous community sample) indicate that taking a future-orientation leads to an inclusive reasoning strategy (i.e., greater non-self centered word use) and also leads to reasoning that is considered conducive to positive relationship outcomes (e.g., lower partner blame and greater expression of growth). Implications for research on psychological distance and reasoning are discussed

Ancestors and Astronomy to Scientists and Cancer

Astronomy is the oldest science. Even records of the earliest cave paintings depict prehistoric humans gazing at the stars and tracking their positions. Across cultures, the interpretation of the darkness and its stars provided insight into all aspects of life and has guided humanity for thousands of years. Connections between what was seen looking up and how the world changed around them, derived into a reliance on the stars for navigation and as predictors of weather for agriculture. In the field of cancer biology, instead of looking up for answers, we look down into a microscope. Like our ancestors, we look for signs as we gaze into the unknown. We look for patterns and connect these patterns to health and disease. The image is of a Melanoma tumor slice. With the advance of imaging technologies, we can see and track the position of cells (blue) and other structures within tissue such as blood vessels (red). In doing so, we hope to make a connection between what we see looking down and how these markers change when diseased. In a sense, imaging is our guide for navigating and predicting the unknowns of cancer.Ope

Effects of lattice distortion and Jahn–Teller coupling on the magnetoresistance of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 and La0.5Ca0.5CoO3 epitaxial films

Studies of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 epitaxial films on substrates with a range of lattice constants reveal two dominant contributions to the occurrence of colossal negative magnetoresistance (CMR) in these manganites: at high temperatures (T → TC, TC being the Curie temperature), the magnetotransport properties are predominantly determined by the conduction of lattice polarons, while at low temperatures (T ≪ TC/, the residual negative magnetoresistance is correlated with the substrate-induced lattice distortion which incurs excess magnetic domain wall scattering. The importance of lattice polaron conduction associated with the presence of Jahn–Teller coupling in the manganites is further verified by comparing the manganites with epitaxial films of another ferromagnetic perovskite, La0.5Ca0.5CoO3. Regardless of the differences in the substrate-induced lattice distortion, the cobaltite films exhibit much smaller negative magnetoresistance, which may be attributed to the absence of Jahn–Teller coupling and the high electron mobility that prevents the formation of lattice polarons. We therefore suggest that lattice polaron conduction associated with the Jahn–Teller coupling is essential for the occurrence of CMR, and that lattice distortion further enhances the CMR effects in the manganites

Extensions and Applications of Mean Length Mortality Estimators for Assessment of Data-Limited Fisheries

For data-limited fisheries, length-based mortality estimators are attractive as alternatives to age-structured models due to the simpler data requirements and ease of use of the former. This dissertation develops new extensions of mean length-based mortality estimators and applies them to federally-managed stocks in the southeastern U.S. and U.S. Caribbean. Chapter 1 presents a review of length-based methods from the literature. Common themes regarding the methodology, assumptions, and diagnostics in these length-based methods are discussed. In Chapter 2, a simulation study evaluates the performance of the length-converted catch curve (LCCC), Beverton-Holt equation (BHE), and Length Based-Spawner Potential Ratio (LB-SPR) over a range of scenarios. Although the LCCC and BHE are older methods than LB-SPR, the former outperformed LB-SPR in many scenarios in the simulation. Overall, it was found that the three length-based mortality estimators are less likely to perform well for low M/K stocks (M/K is the ratio of the natural mortality rate and the von Bertalanffy growth parameter; this ratio describes different life history strategies of exploited fish and invertebrate populations), while various decision rules for truncating the length data for the LCCC and BHE were less influential. In Chapter 3, a multi-stock model is developed for the non-equilibrium mean length-based mortality estimator and then applied to the deepwater snapper complex in Puerto Rico. The multispecies estimator evaluates synchrony in changes to the mean length of multiple species in a complex. Synchrony in mortality can reduce the number of estimated parameters and borrows information from more informative species to lesser sampled species in the model. In Chapter 4, a new method is developed to estimate mortality from both mean lengths and catch rates (MLCR), which is an extension of the mean length-only (ML) model. to do so, the corresponding behavior for the catch rate following step-wise changes in mortality is derived. Application of both models to Puerto Rico mutton snapper shows that the MLCR model can provide more information to support a more complex mortality history with the two data types compared to the ML model. In Chapter 5, a suite of mean length-based mortality estimators is applied to six stocks (four in the Gulf of Mexico and two in the U.S. Atlantic) recently assessed with age-structured models. There was general agreement in historical mortality trends between the age-structured models and the mean length-based methods, although there were some discrepancies which are discussed. All models also agreed on the overfishing status in the terminal year of the assessment of the six stocks considered here when the mortality rates were compared relative to reference points. This dissertation develops new length-based assessment methods which consider multiple sources of data. The review guides prospective users on potential choices for assessment with length-based methods. Issues and diagnostics associated with the methods are also discussed in the review and highlighted in the example applications

Space Biosciences Division

In the Space Biosciences Division at NASA's Ames Research Center, we perform the biological research and technology development necessary to tackle the challenges of living in the extreme environments of space and to enable NASA's long-term human exploration mission. This brochure provides a broad overview for our research and development capabilities, several case study examples, and finally real-world applications and collaborative partnerships

Comparisons of elastic and rigid blade-element rotor models using parallel processing technology for piloted simulations

A piloted comparison of rigid and aeroelastic blade-element rotor models was conducted at the Crew Station Research and Development Facility (CSRDF) at Ames Research Center. A simulation development and analysis tool, FLIGHTLAB, was used to implement these models in real time using parallel processing technology. Pilot comments and quantitative analysis performed both on-line and off-line confirmed that elastic degrees of freedom significantly affect perceived handling qualities. Trim comparisons show improved correlation with flight test data when elastic modes are modeled. The results demonstrate the efficiency with which the mathematical modeling sophistication of existing simulation facilities can be upgraded using parallel processing, and the importance of these upgrades to simulation fidelity