Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Biochar Improved Early Growth of Neem (Melia azedarach Linn.) Seedling Under Greenhouse Conditions

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of biochar on the seedling quality index and growth of neem tree seedlings and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) development  grown on ultisol  soil medium.  Two factors in completely randomised experimental design was conducted under green house conditions and Duncan Multiple Range Test was used to analyse the data. The results showed that neem seedling quality index was improved by interaction of AMF fungi and biochar amandment. The growth of neem seedling was significantly increased by interactions of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and biochar.  The combination  treatment of Glomus etunicatum and biochar 10% gave best results of height and diameter, and significantly increased by 712% and 303% respectively, as compared to control plant, while the combination treatment of Gigaspora margarita and biochar 10% gave the best result of shoot dry weight, and root dry weight and significantly increase by 4,547% and 6,957% as compared to control plant.  The mycorrhizal root colonization was increased with increasing biochar added, but decreases when 15% of biochar was applied.  N, P, and K uptake of 12 weeks neem seedling old was higher and significantly increased as compared to control plant

Pengaruh Wadah Semai Berbahan Dasar Organik dan Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Semai Balsa (Ochroma bicolor Rowlee)

Balsa (Ochroma bicolor Rowlee) are generally sown using a polybag. Polybag made from plastic that is not easily destroyed or degraded so that it can cause problems for the environment. As an alternative, polybag can be replaced by using organic pot. This research aims to analyze the effect of the treatment of raw materials of organic pot and inoculation Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) towards growth of balsa (O. bicolor). This study used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors. The results showed that treatment of organic pot composition and interaction of addition of AMF has significant effect of height of balsa. A single treatment of organic pot composition has significant effect of total dry weight and diameter increment of balsa. A single treatment by adding AMF has significant effectfor increment of diameter, total dry weight, and percentage of mycorrhiza colonizationat the root ofbalsa. Keyword: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), Balsa (O. bicolor), organic po

Coal Waste Powder Amendment and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Enhance the Growth of Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba Miq) Seedling in Ultisol Soil Medium

Coal powder waste application on low nutrient media is expected to be able to increase plant growth and to improve Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) development. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of coal waste powder on the growth of Anthocephallus cadamba Jack and AMF development grown on ultisol soil. Two factors in a completely randomised experimental design was conducted under greenhouse conditions and Duncan Multiple Range Test was used to analyse of the effect the treatment. The first factor was ultisol soil ammended with coal waste powder (control, soil amanded with coal waste 5%, soil amanded with coal waste 10% and soil amanded with coal waste 15%) and the second factor was AMF inoculation (uninoculated control, inoculated with Gigaspora margarita). Plant height, diameter, shoot dry weight, percentage of AMF colonization and nutrient uptake were measured in this experiment. Results of this study showed that coal amendment and AMF when applied separately significantly increased height, diameter, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and nutrient uptake of 12 weeks A. cadamba seedling, but when the coal waste powder and AMF were combined the plant growth parameters were lower than those applied separately but significantly higher than control. The application of coal waste powder or AMF in ultisol soil could increase A. cadamba growth and development.[How to Cite : Budi SW and F Christina. 2013. Coal Waste Powder Amendment and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Enhance the Growth of Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba Miq) Seedling in Ultisol Soil Medium. J Trop Soils, 18 (1): 59-66. doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.1.59][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.1.59

Study of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal and Bacterial Populations on Mycorrhizosphere of Mahagony (Swietenia macrophylla King.) Seedlings in Organic Pots

The mycorrhizosphere is the zone of soil influenced by roots colonized by mycorrhizal fungi and contains many microorganisms. This study aims to analyze mycorrhizal and bacterial populations in the mycorrhizosphere of ​​mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King.) seedlings growing in silica sand post-mining media by using organic pot as container growth media. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of two treatments, namely the composition and size of organic pot materials. The results showed that the composition of the organic pot could affect the presence of AMF spores. The organic pots composition of 50% newspaper, 35% compost, and 15% cocopeat showed the best results for the development of AMF spores and bacterial colonies, the development of AMF spores and bacterial colony populations in growing media was better than the development of AMF spores and bacterial colonies in organic pots. There are seven different morphological characters of bacterial colonies which are dominated by round, thready, flat, and white. Keywords: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), bacteria, correlation, mahagony, mycorrhizosphereMikorhizosfer merupakan zona tanah di sekitar perakaran tumbuhan yang bermikoriza dan umumnya terdapat banyak mikroorganisme. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk menganalisis populasi mikoriza dan bakteri pada daerah mikorhizosfer semai mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla King.) yang tumbuh di media pascatambang pasir silika menggunakan wadah media pot organik. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas dua perlakuan, yaitu komposisi dan ukuran bahan pot organik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan komposisi pot organik mampu mempengaruhi keberadaan spora FMA. Komposisi pot organik 50% koran, 35% kompos, dan 15% cocopeat menunjukkan hasil terbaik untuk perkembangan spora FMA dan koloni bakteri, perkembangan spora FMA dan populasi koloni bakteri dalam media tanam lebih baik dibandingkan dengan perkembangan spora FMA dan koloni bakteri dalam pot organik. Terdapat tujuh karakter morfologi koloni bakteri berbeda yang didominasi oleh bundar, berbenang, rata, dan berwarna putih. Kata kunci: bakteri, fungi mikoriza arbuskula (FMA), korelasi, mahoni, mikorizosfer &nbsp

Pengaruh Inokulasi Mikoriza Arbuskular dan Pupuk Kandang Sapi terhadap Pertumbuhan Semai Kayu Putih (Melaleuca Cajuputi) di Tanah Pasca Tambang Batu Kapur

Post-mining soil has low fertility so that the revegetation process will be hampered. The addition of soil ameliorants and proper plant selection are necessary for successful revegetation. The use of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and cow manure is expected to help plant growth on post-limestone mining soil. The aims of this study were (1) to analyze the interaction effect of AMF and cow manure on the growth of eucalyptus plants in post-lime mining soil, (2) to analyze the optimal dose of manure in increasing eucalyptus growth. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with two treatment factors (mycorrhizae and cow manure). The results showed that there was no effect of the interaction between AMF inoculation with cow manure. Giving AMF alone also did not significantly affect the growth of eucalyptus seedlings. While the single factor of cow manure had a significant effect on seedling growth, the best dose of cow manure was 15% which could increase growth in height and diameter by 28,04% and 38,41%, respectively, compared to control plants. Keywords: cow manure, eucalyptus, mycorrhiza, post-mining lime soilTanah pasca tambang kapur memiliki kesuburan yang rendah sehingga proses revegetasi akan terhambat. Penambahan amelioran tanah dan pemilihan tanaman yang tepat diperlukan agar revegetasi berhasil dengan baik. Penggunaan Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskular (FMA) dan pupuk kandang sapi diharapkan dapat membantu pertumbuhan tanaman pada tanah pasca tambang batu kapur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) menganalisis pengaruh interaksi FMA dan pupuk kandang sapi terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman kayu putih di tanah pasca tambang kapur, (2) menganalisis dosis pupuk kandang yang optimal dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan kayu putih. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan dua faktor perlakuan (mikoriza dan pupuk kandang sapi). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada pengaruh dari interaksi antara inokulasi FMA dengan pupuk kandang sapi. Pemberian FMA secara tunggal juga tidak berpengaruh secara nyata terhadap pertumbuhan semai kayu putih. Sementara faktor tunggal pupuk kandang sapi berpengaruh nyata pada pertumbuhan semai, dosis terbaik pupuk kandang sapi yaitu 15% yang dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tinggi dan diameter masing-masing sebesar 28,04% dan 38,41% dibanding tanaman kontrol. Kata kunci: kayu putih, mikoriza, pupuk kandang sapi, tanah pasca tambang kapu

Effect of Media Sterilization and Inoculum Dosage on Ectomycorrhizae Formation and Shorea selanica Blume. Growth

The objectives of this research were to examine the effects of soil media sterilization and the dosage of mycorrhizal inoculum on mycorrhizal development and function and plant growth. Shorea selanica  seedlings were inoculated with different ectomycorrhizal soil inoculum dosage and grown in non-sterile and sterile  soil. Ectomycorrhizal soil inoculum were collected from under Shorea pinanga tress in Silviculture laboratory.  Soils used were infertile acid soils collected from field sites in Jasinga, Bogor.  Mycorrhizal inoculation improved the growth of S.selanica seedlings more than on sterile soil medium. The uninoculated seedlings exhibited stunted growth typical of P deficiency both in sterile and unsterile soil. Height at 16 weeks was significantly taller in non-sterile than in sterile soil. A significant interaction effect of inoculation and soil sterilization on height, diameter, shoots and roots biomass at harvest was observed.  Mycorrhizal inoculum dosage had a varied effect on mycorrhizal formation.  Root colonization  was significantly greater in non-sterile soil than in sterile soil in all inoculum dosage

Respon Pertumbuhan Semai Mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla King) pada Pot Organik dan Diinokulasi Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA)

A forest trees seedling production nowadays had used a polybag that caused the roots grow in a circle and the polybag are not easily degraded by the environment. It can be replaced with the use of container based on organic material that is environmentally friendly. The purposes of this study were to analyze the effect of treatment of raw material of organic pot and to analyze the inoculation of AMF to the growth of mahogany seedling as well. This study used the completely randomized design with two factor. The interaction of organic pot composition and the addition of AMF were significantly affected in terms of height and total dry weight of mahogany seedling. A single treatment of organic pot composition gave a significant effect on the increase of mahogany seedling diameter. A single treatment with AMF addition was significantly affected on the increase of both diameter and % mycorrhizal colonization at the root of mahogany seedling. The best treatment that has the greatest response of mahogany seedlings growth was the organic pot composition of newspaper:compost with a ratio of 3:2 along with the addition of AMF. Keywords: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), inoculation, Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King), Organic Pot, seedlin

Pemanfaatan Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (Fma) Pada Pot Organik Untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Kayu Afrika (Maesopsis eminii Engl) di Persemaian Permanen Dramaga

The increase cultivation of tree causes the great number of polybags used. To reduce the polybag, the organic pot based on the organic materials that is environmentally friendly is able to be implemented. This study aimed to analyze the effect of organic pot with the addition of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) to develop the growth quality of Maesopsis eminii seedling. This study used the completely randomized design with two factors method. The results of this study showed that the interaction of organic pot treatment and the addition of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi were significantly affected on the height of Maesopsis eminii seedling. A single treatment of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) addition was significantly affected on the root dry weight as well as the percentage of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) colonization on the root of Maesopsis eminii seedling. The composition of organic pot of newspaper:rice husk with the addition of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi was the best treatment to enhance the growth of Maesopsis eminii seedling. Keywords: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), kayu afrika (Maesopsis eminii Engl), Organic Po

Pemanfaatan Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula dan Pot Organik untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Suren (Toona sinensis Roem.) di Persemaian Permanen IPB Dramaga

The cultivation of seedling which uses polybag caused the increase of polybag demand. Due to the rising demand of polybag, the rate of pollution caused by polybag waste is increasing as well, so that it requires an alternative to solve the problem by using organic based pot which is environmentally friendly and easily degraded. This study aimed to analyze the effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) adding and the utilization of organic based pot to the growth of Suren (T. sinensis) seedling. This study was conducted using completely randomized design with two factor method, as well as observation for 16 weeks. The results showed that the interaction of organic pot composition treatment and AMF addition were significantly affected to the both parameters of height and diameter, while the treatment of organic pot composition was significantly affected to the parameter of total dry weight, moreover the treatment of AMF addition was significantly affected to the parameter of colonization of AMF. The results of this study indicated that the treatment of newspaper: rice husk gave better response of growth than other treatments. Keywords: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, suren (T. sinensis), organic po

Phosphate Solubilizing and Antifungal Activity of Root Endophyte Isolated from Shorea leprosula Miq. And Shoreal selanica (DC) Blume

Fungal endophytes are fungi that lives within plant tissues without causing apparent disease. It is also suggested that these fungi have ability to enhance plant growth and plant resistancy against pest and disease. This research is a preliminary study about root fungal endophytes in dipterocarp since there are lack research concerning about this study focus. We examined root fungal endophyte  isolated from seedling of Shorea leprosula and Shorea selanica taken from Dramaga Experimental Forest, Bogor.  Furthermore, we also tried to find out the fungal potential ability to solubilize phosphate and suppres fungal pathogen by in vitro assay. Surface sterilization method was used to isolated fungal endophytes from root tissues. Trichoderma spirale, Velsalceae sp., Melanconiela ellisii, Chaetosphaeria callimorpha, and Trichoderma asperellum were isolated during this study. These fungi appear to have specific association between fungal species and host plant, but no evidence of fungal order-level specificiation in S. leprosula and S. selanica. In vitro test also suggested that root fungal endophyte Trichoderma spirale and Melanconiella elisii have potential ability to solubilize inorganic phosphate. In addition, this result also present that root fungal endophyte T. spirale and T. asperellum have the potential to inhibit pathogen fungi Fusarium sp.