Riskante Projekte? : Ökonomische Praktiken und Mobilität von Händlerinnen in der Kolonie New Netherland

This paper discusses economic practices of women in the Dutch colony New Netherland. As letters, court records and engravings show, women of the 17th century were involved in the colonial transatlantic and global trade of goods — predominantly fur — in many ways. Thus the dichotomous narratives of men as global players and women as locally bound are no longer justified. Instead, we need new perspectives that focus on the gender specificity of economic activities in Early Modern Times. Suggesting to analyze the history of global enterprises in the 17th century as a history of projects this paper focuses on the risks of failure and their impact on the economic behavior of men and women alike

Riskante Projekte? Ökonomische Praktiken und Mobilität von Händlerinnen in der Kolonie New Netherland

This paper discusses economic practices of women in the Dutch colony New Netherland. As letters, court records and engravings show, women of the 17th century were involved in the colonial transatlantic and global trade of goods — predominantly fur — in many ways. Thus the dichotomous narratives of men as global players and women as locally bound are no longer justified. Instead, we need new perspectives that focus on the gender specificity of economic activities in Early Modern Times. Suggesting to analyze the history of global enterprises in the 17th century as a history of projects this paper focuses on the risks of failure and their impact on the economic behavior of men and women alike

Gefragte Felle. Biber als Transaktionswährung in der Kolonie New Netherland (1609-1664)

Longing for Fur. Beaver as a Transaction Currency in the Colony New Netherland (1609–1664) This paper considers beaver fur traded by the Dutch in the 17th century as a global object and transaction currency. The analysis of the fur’s material texture helps to understand how beaver fur could be traded across continental, national, colonial and cultural borders. Beaver fur differed from other Early Modern global objects like cotton, silk, chocolate or porcelain because the skins were used as commodities, resource, dress and currency alike. Beaver furs became global objects because the animal and its habits were known globally even though beaver fur was not globally available in the same quantity and quality. Yet beaver furs were valuable to all participants in the market: native hunters, middlemen, traders, company soldiers and hatters were involved in a global trade fueled by scarcity and longing for fur in Europe

Tagungsbericht „Barocke Figuren. Zeit – Gestalt – Medien“

Typologisches Denken gerät im 17. Jahrhundert in Unordnung, wenn die Figuren des Barock, wie der Simplicissimus, nicht (länger) das erfüllen, was sie versprechen und zugleich andere Aspekte des Figurenbegriffs an Bedeutung gewinnen. An diesem Punkt setzte die Tagung „Barocke Figuren. Zeit – Gestalt – Medien“ (27.-29. Oktober 2010, Universität Konstanz) an. Sie untersuchte eben jene (atypischen) Figuren, die sich gegen eine strenge Typologisierung sperren, deren Umwege, Metamorphosen, Begegnungen und Konflikte es aber erlauben, die Frage, was im Barock eine Figur ausmacht, in begrifflich-analytischer Perspektive neu zu stellen

Rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing in patients with bacteraemia due to Enterobacterales: an implementation study

AIMS OF THE STUDY: The goal of this descriptive study was to assess the performance as well as the extent of the clinical impact of rapid automated antimicrobial susceptibility testing in patients with bacteraemia due to Enterobacterales. We also aimed to analyse how rapid automated antimicrobial susceptibility testing influences clinical decision-making. METHODS: This single-centre study conducted at the University Hospital of Zurich included data from all consecutive patients with Enterobacterales bacteraemia from November 2019 to October 2020. There was no control group. The primary outcome was the effect of rapid automated antimicrobial susceptibility testing on antibiotic therapy (no adjustment, escalation to a broader-spectrum antibiotic or de-escalation to a narrower-spectrum antibiotic). Rapid automated antimicrobial susceptibility testing results were further compared to susceptibility tests using European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) standard methods and erroneous results were noted. Additionally, we investigated turnaround times for rapid automated antimicrobial susceptibility testing and routine diagnostic testing. RESULTS: We analysed 106 patients with 116 episodes of bacteraemia due to Enterobacterales, with Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae being the most frequent isolates. Almost 8% of pathogens were multidrug resistant. Rapid automated antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed category agreement in 98.4% of all interpretable cases. A significant reduction of more than 20 h in turnaround times could be achieved with rapid automated antimicrobial susceptibility testing compared to the routine diagnostic workflow. In the majority of cases, rapid automated antimicrobial susceptibility testing had no effect, given that the empirical therapy was already correct or circumstances did not allow for de-escalation. In 38.8% of cases, antimicrobial therapy was adjusted, whereas eight cases were de-escalated based on rapid automated antimicrobial susceptibility testing alone. CONCLUSIONS: Rapid automated antimicrobial susceptibility testing may be a valuable and safe way to accelerate diagnosis. In particular, time to suitable therapy can be shortened in cases of incorrect therapy. However, physicians are reluctant to de-escalate antibiotic therapy based on rapid automated antimicrobial susceptibility testing alone, limiting its impact in everyday clinics. To further explore the potential of rapid automated antimicrobial susceptibility testing, a stringent/compulsory antibiotic stewardship programme would be a valuable next step

Studies for New Experiments at the CERN M2 Beamline within "Physics Beyond Colliders": AMBER/COMPASS++, NA64mu, MuonE

The "Physics Beyond Colliders (PBC)" study explores fundamental physics opportunities at the CERN accelerator complex complementary to collider experiments. Three new collaborations aim to exploit the M2 beamline in the North Area with existing high-intensity muon and hadron beams, but also aspire to go beyond the current M2 capabilities with a RF-separated, high intensity hadron beam, under study. The AMBER/COMPASS++ collaboration proposes an ambitious program with a measurement of the proton radius with muon beams, as well as QCD-related studies from pion PDFs / Drell-Yan to cross section measurements for dark sector searches. Assuming feasibility of the RF-separated beam, the spectrum of strange mesons would enter a high precision era while kaon PDFs as well as nucleon TMDs would be accessible via Drell-Yan reactions. The NA64mu collaboration proposes to search for dark sector mediators such as a dark scalar A' or a hypothetical Z_mu using the M2 muon beam and complementing their on-going A' searches with electron beams. The MuonE collaboration intends to assess the hadronic component of the vacuum polarization via elastic mu-e scattering, the dominant uncertainty in the determination of (g-2)_mu. An overview of the three new experimental programs will be presented together with implications for the M2 beamline and the experimental area EHN2, based on the studies of the PBC "Conventional Beams" Working Group.Comment: MENU 2019 Proceedings, 7 page

Comprehensive Screening of Eight Known Causative Genes in Congenital Hypothyroidism With Gland-in-Situ.

CONTEXT: Lower TSH screening cutoffs have doubled the ascertainment of congenital hypothyroidism (CH), particularly cases with a eutopically located gland-in-situ (GIS). Although mutations in known dyshormonogenesis genes or TSHR underlie some cases of CH with GIS, systematic screening of these eight genes has not previously been undertaken. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate the contribution and molecular spectrum of mutations in eight known causative genes (TG, TPO, DUOX2, DUOXA2, SLC5A5, SLC26A4, IYD, and TSHR) in CH cases with GIS. Patients, Design, and Setting: We screened 49 CH cases with GIS from 34 ethnically diverse families, using next-generation sequencing. Pathogenicity of novel mutations was assessed in silico. PATIENTS, DESIGN, AND SETTING: We screened 49 CH cases with GIS from 34 ethnically diverse families, using next-generation sequencing. Pathogenicity of novel mutations was assessed in silico. RESULTS: Twenty-nine cases harbored likely disease-causing mutations. Monogenic defects (19 cases) most commonly involved TG (12), TPO (four), DUOX2 (two), and TSHR (one). Ten cases harbored triallelic (digenic) mutations: TG and TPO (one); SLC26A4 and TPO (three), and DUOX2 and TG (six cases). Novel variants overall included 15 TG, six TPO, and three DUOX2 mutations. Genetic basis was not ascertained in 20 patients, including 14 familial cases. CONCLUSIONS: The etiology of CH with GIS remains elusive, with only 59% attributable to mutations in TSHR or known dyshormonogenesis-associated genes in a cohort enriched for familial cases. Biallelic TG or TPO mutations most commonly underlie severe CH. Triallelic defects are frequent, mandating future segregation studies in larger kindreds to assess their contribution to variable phenotype. A high proportion (∼41%) of unsolved or ambiguous cases suggests novel genetic etiologies that remain to be elucidated.This study made use of data generated by the UK10K Project and we acknowledge the contribution of the UK10K Consortium. This work was supported by Wellcome Trust Grants 100585/Z/12/Z (to N.S.), and 095564/Z/11/Z (to V.K.C.) and the National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Center (to V.K.C., N.S.). E.G.S and C.A.A. are supported by the Wellcome Trust (098051). Funding for the UK10K Project was provided by the Wellcome Trust under award WT091310