Climate Adaptation for Rural arEas (CARE); Midterm review report; Knowledge for Climate Theme 3

This midterm review report presents the structure, progress and first results of the Knowledge for Climate Theme 3 research programme Climate Adaptation for Rural arEas (CARE). This research programme aims to generate the fundamental knowledge that is necessary to design and evaluate adaptation strategies to cope with the impacts of climate change on rural areas in the Netherlands

Global maps of soil temperature.

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km <sup>2</sup> resolution for 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km <sup>2</sup> pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications

Climate Adaptation for Rural arEas (CARE); Midterm review report; Knowledge for Climate Theme 3

This midterm review report presents the structure, progress and first results of the Knowledge for Climate Theme 3 research programme Climate Adaptation for Rural arEas (CARE). This research programme aims to generate the fundamental knowledge that is necessary to design and evaluate adaptation strategies to cope with the impacts of climate change on rural areas in the Netherlands

Biogeomorphological interactions within floodplains and their role in sediment transport and ecological transformation processes in the lower rhine delta

Contains fulltext : 91600.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)18 p

Structure and Function of RNase AS, a Polyadenylate-Specific Exoribonuclease Affecting Mycobacterial Virulence In Vivo

n/

The Spectrum of Structural and Functional Abnormalities in Female Carriers of Pathogenic Variants in the RPGR Gene

Ophthalmic researc

Absence of polar order in LuFe2O4

LuFe2O4 often is considered as a prototypical multiferroic with polar order arising from the electronic degrees of freedom only ("electronic ferroelectricity"). In the present work, we check the intrinsic nature of the dielectric response of this material by performing dielectric measurements of polycrystalline samples with different types of contact materials and with different grain sizes. In addition, frequency-dependent measurements of the electric-field dependent polarization are provided. The obtained results unequivocally prove that the reported colossal dielectric constants in LuFe2O4, which were interpreted in terms of electronic ferroelectricity, are of non-intrinsic surface-related origin. The intrinsic dielectric properties of this material show no indications of any ferroelectric order and, thus, LuFe2O4 is not multiferroic. Its intrinsic dielectric constant is close to 20 and its dielectric loss is dominated by charge transport via variable range hopping.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure