The Baptist Churches of South Trinidad and Their Missionaries, 1815-1892

Chapter One deals with the context in which the Trinidad Baptists, and others in the Caribbean area, were formed. That context is the revivalist religious tradition of the United States. The nature and meaning of the revivalist tradition, and the revivalist phenomena, is explained. The question is raised as to whether some of this behaviour is really a residual, and pagan, Africanism. Various theories about the connection between Revivalism and Africanism are discussed, and a provisional answer is suggested. The conclusion as regards the Trinidad Baptists is that they came to the island as essentially a revivalist and evangelical group who tended to lose that character over the years in which they lived in a predominantly Catholic and Afro-Caribbean environment. This posed a problem for the British missionaries who worked with them

THE COMMONWEALTH PRINCIPLES (LATIMER HOUSE) ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT: TWENTY YEARS ON

2018 marks the twentieth anniversary of the Latimer House ‘process’ which commenced with the drafting of the Latimer House Guidelines for the Commonwealth on Good Practice Governing Relations between the Executive, Parliament and the Judiciary. Since then the Latimer House Guidelines have been transformed into the Commonwealth Principles (Latimer House) on the Relationship between the Three Branches of Government which have been endorsed by Commonwealth Heads of Government on several occasions. This article assesses the role of the Latimer House process over the last two decades against the background of the Commonwealth’s evolving commitments to good governance and the rule of law. In Part 1 explores the role of the Commonwealth in supporting good governance and the rule of law whilst Part 2 considers and evaluates the Latimer House process itself. Part 3 reviews the development of the Commonwealth Principles in practice whilst in Part 4 some specific implementation issues concerning the Judiciary are discussed. Part 5 considers the future development of the Commonwealth Principles whilst Part 6 provides a conclusion and overview

The effect of the non-ideal composition of sea water on salinity and density

We have calculated the effect of the increased alkalinity, total carbon dioxide and silica content of deep ocean waters on the conductance-salinity-density relationship…

Why Machiavellianism Matters in Childhood: The Relationship Between Children's Machiavellian Traits and Their Peer Interactions in a Natural Setting

The current study investigated the association between Machiavellianism and children’s peer interactions in the playground using observational methods. Primary school children (N = 34; 17 female), aged 9 to 11 years, completed the Kiddie Mach scale and were observed in natural play during 39 recesses (average observed time = 11.70 hours) over a full school year. Correlations for boys revealed that Machiavellianism was related to more time engaging in direct and indirect aggression, being accepted into other peer groups, and accepting peers into their own social group. Correlations revealed that for girls, Machiavellianism was associated with lower levels of indirect aggression, less time being accepted into other groups and less time accepting and rejecting other children into their own group. This preliminary pilot study indicates that Machiavellianism is associated with children’s observed social behaviour and aims to promote future observational research in this area

Feasibility of Large-Scale Ocean CO2 Sequestration

Scientific knowledge of natural clathrate hydrates has grown enormously over the past decade, with spectacular new findings of large exposures of complex hydrates on the sea floor, the development of new tools for examining the solid phase in situ, significant progress in modeling natural hydrate systems, and the discovery of exotic hydrates associated with sea floor venting of liquid CO{sub 2}. Major unresolved questions remain about the role of hydrates in response to climate change today, and correlations between the hydrate reservoir of Earth and the stable isotopic evidence of massive hydrate dissociation in the geologic past. The examination of hydrates as a possible energy resource is proceeding apace for the subpermafrost accumulations in the Arctic, but serious questions remain about the viability of marine hydrates as an economic resource. New and energetic explorations by nations such as India and China are quickly uncovering large hydrate findings on their continental shelves. In this report we detail research carried out in the period October 1, 2007 through September 30, 2008. The primary body of work is contained in a formal publication attached as Appendix 1 to this report. In brief we have surveyed the recent literature with respect to the natural occurrence of clathrate hydrates (with a special emphasis on methane hydrates), the tools used to investigate them and their potential as a new source of natural gas for energy production

Life at low Reynolds Number Re-visited: The apparent activation energy of viscous flow in sea water

In a 1976 lecture entitled “Life at low Reynolds Number,” Edward Purcell examined constraints on mobility of small aquatic animals defining the energetic challenge as “to move far enough to beat diffusion.” We show that the essential requirement is the need to do sufficient work to overcome the activation energy of viscous flow. Raman spectroscopy shows that sea water is dominated (78–85%) by the hydrogen bonded forms, primarily as the large (H2O)5 tetrahedral pentamer form. Two hydrogen bonds must be broken to disrupt this structure. The strength of the hydrogen bond in water is ~8.4 kJ/mol and the experimentally determined activation energy of viscous flow (~16.7 kJ/mol) is approximately equal to that required to break two hydrogen bonds in water. For viscous flow to occur a molecular vacancy must form for a flowing molecule to move into; the smaller the vacancy needed the less energy required. The heat created by a small animal swimming breaks hydrogen bonds thus forming a layer of small non-hydrogen bonded H2O molecules around the animal. These “lubricate” the surface yielding far more efficient viscous flow. The activation energy of the viscous flow of water decreases with pressure most likely due to the weaker strength of the hydrogen bond under pressure – lab and field data support this observation. The dissipation of tidal energy as heat, often attributed to “intermolecular forces,” is directly related to the breaking of hydrogen bonds

WIMP astronomy and particle physics with liquid-noble and cryogenic direct-detection experiments

Once weakly-interacting massive particles (WIMPs) are unambiguously detected in direct-detection experiments, the challenge will be to determine what one may infer from the data. Here, I examine the prospects for reconstructing the local speed distribution of WIMPs in addition to WIMP particle-physics properties (mass, cross sections) from next-generation cryogenic and liquid-noble direct-detection experiments. I find that the common method of fixing the form of the velocity distribution when estimating constraints on WIMP mass and cross sections means losing out on the information on the speed distribution contained in the data and may lead to biases in the inferred values of the particle-physics parameters. I show that using a more general, empirical form of the speed distribution can lead to good constraints on the speed distribution. Moreover, one can use Bayesian model-selection criteria to determine if a theoretically-inspired functional form for the speed distribution (such as a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution) fits better than an empirical model. The shape of the degeneracy between WIMP mass and cross sections and their offset from the true values of those parameters depends on the hypothesis for the speed distribution, which has significant implications for consistency checks between direct-detection and collider data. In addition, I find that the uncertainties on theoretical parameters depends sensitively on the upper end of the energy range used for WIMP searches. Better constraints on the WIMP particle-physics parameters and speed distribution are obtained if the WIMP search is extended to higher energy (~ 1 MeV).Comment: 25 pages, 27 figures, matches published versio

Is Congress\u27 Latest Effort to De-Juice Professional Sports Unconstitutional?

xxxi+804 hal.; 28 c