Mouse thorax segmentation dataset

This repository contains reference segmentations of the heart, spinal cord, right lung and left lung for native and contrast-enhanced mouse CT images. The CTs were drawn from a publicly available preclinical micro-CT database1. Annotations are provided for the entire native CT dataset (140 images) and for a subset (35 images) of the contrast-enhanced CT dataset. Annotations by a second observer are also available for 35 native CTs and contrast-enhanced CTs. This dataset was used to train a nnU-Net 3d_fullres model for automated mouse thorax segmentation. The pre-trained model can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5786839 and more details about the dataset and training can be found in the publication. In case you find these annotations useful for your research, please cite the original work: Malimban, J., Lathouwers, D., Qian, H. et al. Deep learning-based segmentation of the thorax in mouse micro-CT scans. Sci Rep 12, 1822 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-05868-7   1Rosenhain S, Magnuska Z A, Yamoah G G, Rawashdeh W A, Kiessling F and Gremse F 2018 A preclinical micro-computed tomography database including 3D whole body organ segmentations Online: https://springernature.figshare.com/collections/A_preclinical_micro-computed_tomography_database_including_3D_whole_body_organ_segmentations/4224377/1

Climate Simulation with CLM, Scenario A1B run no.1, Data Stream 2: European region MPI-M/MaD

The experiment CLM_A1B_1_D2 contains European regional climate simulations of the years 2001-2100 on a rotated grid (CLM non hydrostatic, 0.165 deg. hor. resolution, see http://www.clm-community.eu ). It is forced by the first (_1_) run of the global IPCC scenario A1B (EH5-T63L31_OM-GR1.5L40_A1B_1_6H), which describes a possible future world of very rapid economic growth, global population peaking in mid-century and rapid introduction of new and more efficient technologies with a balance across all energy sources. In data stream 2 (_D2) the output variables of CLM are stored as time series on a rotated grid. The model region starts at -20.8725/-23.7275 (lat/lon in rotated coordinates; centre of lower left grid box) with rotated North Pole at 39.25/-162.0 (lat/lon). The number of grid points is 255/241 (lat/lon). The sponge zone (numerically unreliable boundary grid points) of the original model output has been cut off. The regional model variables include two-dimensional near surface fields, as well as soil and atmospheric fields on different layers. The soil fields are simulated on 10 different levels with a maximum depth of 15 meters. The atmospheric fields are given on 6 pressure levels (200, 500, 700, 850, 925 and 1000 hPa). The time interval of the output fields ranges from 1 to 3 hours and includes daily output fields, depending on the respective variables. Please contact sga"at"dkrz.de for data request details. See http://sga.wdc-climate.de for more details on CLM simulations in the context of the BMBF funding priority "klimazwei", some useful information on handling climate model data and the data access regulations. The output format is netCDF Experiment with CLM 2.4.11 on NEC-SX6(hurrikan) raw data: hpss:/dxul/ut/k/k204095/prism/experiments/A1B_

Data from: Crop pests and predators exhibit inconsistent responses to surrounding landscape composition

AbstractThe idea that noncrop habitat enhances pest control and represents a win–win opportunity to conserve biodiversity and bolster yields has emerged as an agroecological paradigm. However, while noncrop habitat in landscapes surrounding farms sometimes benefits pest predators, natural enemy responses remain heterogeneous across studies and effects on pests are inconclusive. The observed heterogeneity in species responses to noncrop habitat may be biological in origin or could result from variation in how habitat and biocontrol are measured. Here, we use a pest-control database encompassing 132 studies and 6,759 sites worldwide to model natural enemy and pest abundances, predation rates, and crop damage as a function of landscape composition. Our results showed that although landscape composition explained significant variation within studies, pest and enemy abundances, predation rates, crop damage, and yields each exhibited different responses across studies, sometimes increasing and sometimes decreasing in landscapes with more noncrop habitat but overall showing no consistent trend. Thus, models that used landscape-composition variables to predict pest-control dynamics demonstrated little potential to explain variation across studies, though prediction did improve when comparing studies with similar crop and landscape features. Overall, our work shows that surrounding noncrop habitat does not consistently improve pest management, meaning habitat conservation may bolster production in some systems and depress yields in others. Future efforts to develop tools that inform farmers when habitat conservation truly represents a win–win would benefit from increased understanding of how landscape effects are modulated by local farm management and the biology of pests and their enemies

Worldwide variations in artificial skyglow

Despite constituting a widespread and significant environmental change, understanding of artificial nighttime skyglow is extremely limited. Until now, published monitoring studies have been local or regional in scope, and typically of short duration. In this first major international compilation of monitoring data we answer several key questions about skyglow properties. Skyglow is observed to vary over four orders of magnitude, a range hundreds of times larger than was the case before artificial light. Nearly all of the study sites were polluted by artificial light. A non-linear relationship is observed between the sky brightness on clear and overcast nights, with a change in behavior near the rural to urban landuse transition. Overcast skies ranged from a third darker to almost 18 times brighter than clear. Clear sky radiances estimated by the World Atlas of Artificial Night Sky Brightness were found to be overestimated by ~25%; our dataset will play an important role in the calibration and ground truthing of future skyglow models. Most of the brightly lit sites darkened as the night progressed, typically by ~5% per hour. The great variation in skyglow radiance observed from site-to-site and with changing meteorological conditions underlines the need for a long-term international monitoring program