2,674 research outputs found
An electrical probe of the phonon mean-free path spectrum
Most studies of the mean-free path accumulation function (MFPAF) rely on
optical techniques to probe heat transfer at length scales on the order of the
phonon mean-free path. In this paper, we propose and implement a purely
electrical probe of the MFPAF that relies on photo-lithographically defined
heater-thermometer separation to set the length scale. An important advantage
of the proposed technique is its insensitivity to the thermal interfacial
impedance and its compatibility with a large array of temperature-controlled
chambers that lack optical ports. Detailed analysis of the experimental data
based on the enhanced Fourier law (EFL) demonstrates that heat-carrying phonons
in gallium arsenide have a much wider mean-free path spectrum than originally
thought
Non-rigidity of spherical inversive distance circle packings
We give a counterexample of Bowers-Stephenson's conjecture in the spherical
case: spherical inversive distance circle packings are not determined by their
inversive distances.Comment: 6 pages, one pictur
Casimir's energy of a conducting sphere and of a dilute dielectric ball
In this paper we sum over the spherical modes appearing in the expression for
the Casimir energy of a conducting sphere and of a dielectric ball (assuming
the same speed of light inside and outside), before doing the frequency
integration. We derive closed integral expressions that allow the calculations
to be done to all orders, without the use of regularization procedures. The
technique of mode summation using a contour integral is critically examined.Comment: references added; typos fixe
Mode-by-mode summation for the zero point electromagnetic energy of an infinite cylinder
Using the mode-by-mode summation technique the zero point energy of the
electromagnetic field is calculated for the boundary conditions given on the
surface of an infinite solid cylinder. It is assumed that the dielectric and
magnetic characteristics of the material which makes up the cylinder
and of that which makes up the surroundings obey the relation . With this
assumption all the divergences cancel. The divergences are regulated by making
use of zeta function techniques. Numerical calculations are carried out for a
dilute dielectric cylinder and for a perfectly conducting cylindrical shell.
The Casimir energy in the first case vanishes, and in the second is in complete
agreement with that obtained by DeRaad and Milton who employed a Green's
function technique with an ultraviolet regulator.Comment: REVTeX, 16 pages, no figures and tables; transcription error in
previous version corrected, giving a zero Casimir energy for a tenuous
cylinde
Transverse-mode & polarization characteristics of double-fused 1.52 μm vertical-cavity lasers
AbstractWe report on the transverse mode and polarization characteristics of a novel 1.52 μm vertical-cavity laser that utilizes an InGaAsP strain-compensated quantum-well active layer and two AIAs/GaAs quarter-wave mirrors. The 6 and 8 μm diameter devices exhibit room-temperature pulsed threshold currents as low as 4 mA, and a maximum output power of 14 mW was measured on a 60 μm diameter device
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Identifying Key Factors Associated with Aggression on Acute Inpatient Psychiatric Wards
Aggressive behaviour is a critical issue for modern acute psychiatric services, not just because of the adverse impact it has on patients and staff, but also because it puts a financial strain on service providers. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of patient violence to other variables: patient characteristics, features of the service and physical environment, patient routines, staff factors, the use of containment methods, and other patient behaviours. A multivariate cross sectional design was utilised. Data were collected for a six month period on 136 acute psychiatric wards in 26 NHS Trusts in England. Multilevel modelling was conducted to ascertain those factors most strongly associated with verbal aggression, aggression toward objects, and physical aggression against others. High levels of aggression were associated with a high proportion of patients formally detained under mental health legislation, high patient turnover, alcohol use by patients, ward doors being locked, and higher staffing numbers (especially qualified nurses). The findings suggest that the imposition of restrictions on patients exacerbates the problem of violence, and that alcohol management strategies may be a productive intervention. Insufficient evidence is available to draw conclusions about the nature of the link between staffing numbers and violence
Enrichment of CH3F nuclear spin isomers by resonant microwave radiation
Theoretical model of the coherent control of nuclear spin isomers by
microwave radiation has been developed. Model accounts the M-degeneracy of
molecular states and molecular center-of-mass motion. The model has been
applied to the 13CH3F molecules. Microwave radiation excites the para state
(J=11,K=1) which is mixed by the nuclear spin-spin interaction with the ortho
state (9,3). Dependencies of the isomer enrichment and conversion rates on the
radiation frequency have been calculated. Both spectra consist of two
resonances situated at the centers of allowed and forbidden (by nuclear spin)
transitions in the molecule. Larger enrichment, up to 7%, can be produced by
strong radiation resonant to the forbidden transition. The spin conversion rate
can be increased by 2 orders of magnitude at this resonance.Comment: REVTEX, 14 pages + 6 eps figure
Coulomb energy contribution to the excitation energy in Th and enhanced effect of variation
We calculated the contribution of Coulomb energy to the spacing between the
ground and first excited state of Th nucleus as a function of the
deformation parameter . We show that despite the fact that the odd
particle is a neutron, the change in Coulomb energy between these two states
can reach several hundreds KeV.This means that the effect of the variation of
the fine structure constant may be enhanced
times in the 7.6 eV "nuclear clock" transition
between the ground and first excited states in the Th nucleus.Comment: 6 pages,2 figure
Possibility of an ultra-precise optical clock using the transition in Yb atoms held in an optical lattice
We report calculations designed to assess the ultimate precision of an atomic
clock based on the 578 nm transition in Yb atoms
confined in an optical lattice trap. We find that this transition has a natural
linewidth less than 10 mHz in the odd Yb isotopes, caused by hyperfine
coupling. The shift in this transition due to the trapping light acting through
the lowest order AC polarizability is found to become zero at the magic trap
wavelength of about 752 nm. The effects of Rayleigh scattering, higher-order
polarizabilities, vector polarizability, and hyperfine induced electronic
magnetic moments can all be held below a mHz (about a part in 10^{18}), except
in the case of the hyperpolarizability larger shifts due to nearly resonant
terms cannot be ruled out without an accurate measurement of the magic
wavelength.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur
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