ISLAMIST MOVEMENTS IN MOROCCO AND THEIR TYPOLOGY

The Islamist movements are far from homogenous. Pluralistic by nature, Moroccan Islamism can be divided into two groups: The Party of Justice and Development (Hizbo al- adala wa- Tanmia, PJD) under the direction of Abdelilah Benkiran, and Justice and Charity (al- adl wal- Ihsan, JC) led by Mohamed Abbadi. All groups and organizations that constituted Islamist movements have different and diverse objectives. While the nonpolitical groups have no concrete political objectives, they have a number of goals closely linked to the religious and moralistic dimension of Islam. On the other hand, the Islamist political movements, which are the subject of this study, target the restructuring of state- society relations in the image of Islam's early golden years; others raised issues of equity and justice in open public discourse. The study traces back the birth and the growth of Islamist movements, mainly apolitical Salafists and militants, whereas the Islamist political movements that grow from a group to a party have evolved drastically and differently

IS ISLAM USED AS A POLITICAL IDEOLOGY? WHY AND HOW? PJD MOROCCO AS A CASE STUDY

The twentieth century saw a rapid rise of groups of Muslims who use Islam as an ideological weapon for their political ends. This is the current commonly referred to in scholarly and media writings as Islamism and its proponents are designated as 'Islamists', not Muslims, in order to stress that they are attributing an ideological dimension to Islam.Unlike some Islam oriented parties, the PJD (Party of Justice and Development) in Morocco does not focus on the following precepts: madawiyya (a return to the Islamic principles), shumuliyya (a comprehensive application of Islam in all sphere of life) and al da'awa al nidaliyya (a call for struggle to bring about the Islamization of the state and society). To demystify this exception, my approach draws on aspects of Adonis's study of the Islamic tradition (the Constant and the Changing), The Order of Discourse of M. Foucault 1971 and Lotman's idea on the study of text in relation to the outside world or context

IS ISLAM USED AS A POLITICAL IDEOLOGY? WHY AND HOW? PJD MOROCCO AS A CASE STUDY

The twentieth century saw a rapid rise of groups of Muslims who use Islam as an ideological weapon for their political ends. This is the current commonly referred to in scholarly and media writings as Islamism and its proponents are designated as 'Islamists', not Muslims, in order to stress that they are attributing an ideological dimension to Islam.Unlike some Islam oriented parties, the PJD (Party of Justice and Development) in Morocco does not focus on the following precepts: madawiyya (a return to the Islamic principles), shumuliyya (a comprehensive application of Islam in all sphere of life) and al da'awa al nidaliyya (a call for struggle to bring about the Islamization of the state and society). To demystify this exception, my approach draws on aspects of Adonis's study of the Islamic tradition (the Constant and the Changing), The Order of Discourse of M. Foucault 1971 and Lotman's idea on the study of text in relation to the outside world or context

Application of New Approach of design flow for Hardware/Software Embedded System with the Use of Design Patterns in Fuzzy control system

This paper present a new method of conception of hardware/software embedded system design methodology based on use of design pattern approach called Abstract_factory. We called this new design tool “smart cell”. The main idea of the conception of embedded systems design is based on the used of object-oriented design ULM2.0. When the smart-cell is implemented, we justify their uses as a design tool that allows, first, to develop a specified application of fuzzy controller called PDC (parallel distributed conpensation). Second, the specification of the generation phases of the system architecture design, and eventually partitioning the application on heterogeneous platform based on hardware resource DSP and FPGA software to illustrate the proposed approach

L'enfermement Identitaire Dans Le Cinema Marocain Moderne

This article analyses the Moroccan cinema during the period (1990- 2000) since it focuses on a central issue of its discursive and esthetic unity. Thus, the article addresses the question of confinement. In other words, in this paper we seek to reflect on the unifying desire and the confined collective identity. In fact, this cinematography deals mainly with a quasiarchaic Moroccan society which is confined in the rigidity of an Arab- Islamic identity. Besides, we adopt am esthetic scenographic approach to delineate the Moroccan society's imprisonment within the borders of immutable values. In this paper, the main protagonists in the movies under scrutiny do not enjoy their status as modern heroes; on the contrary, they only access this role when they are deemed as desire objects in quest for a space of freedom and liberty

Alicaments : des aliments aux médicaments, quel apport pour la santé ?

Le rôle essentiel de l’alimentation est de fournir des substances nutritives nécessaires pour couvrir les besoins nutritionnels d’un individu.  Cependant, plusieurs scientifiques soutiennent l’hypothèse que quelques produits alimentaires et composants de l’aliment ont des effets physiologiques et psychologiques bénéfiques, en plus de leur rôle d’apport de molécules de base, c’est de Nutrithérapie (Roberfroid, 2000; Ashwell, 2002; Ven kleef et al. 2005). Aujourd’hui, la recherche sur des composants biologiquement actifs dans les produits alimentaires devient un axe de recherche très attirant, essentiellement dans les industries agroalimentaires

The Semiotics of the Culinary

Philosophy and the history of thoughts have uncovered novel paths of research to approachthe culinary through marriage contracts, church books and judicial texts. They came up witha language analogy applied to food. In other words, by semiotizing food, these researchers,such as Levi-Strauss and Mary Douglass made use of syntax, semantics, pragmatics andrules that govern the language to account of food semiosis. Hence, there is an analogybetween language and food in terms of syntax, semantics and collocations. This paper seeksto uncover some crucial aspects of the semiotics of culture, mainly food

Bioadsorption of CI Reactive Blue 203 dye by duckweed Lemna gibba’s powder

: Many contaminants, especially dyes used to manufacture paint, textiles, and other products, are released into the aquatic environment as a result of human population increase and industrialization. In this study, it was chosen to develop a plant biomaterial compatible with the demand of the world market in cost terms, and to focus on the reuse of powder duckweed Lemna gibba as a new effective material for the removal of dyes in particular, considering this plant's capacity for purification even in the waste state after assisting a lagoon plant achieve phytoremediation. After analyzing the effects of pH, contact time, adsorbate concentration, and adsorbent dosage on the dye (CI Reactive Blue 203)'s adsorption process on the plant powder Lemna gibba, it was determined that the adsorption kinetics follows the pseudo first order model and the adsorption isotherm is best described by the Langmuir model, and that the percentage of dye removal reaches 90% at pH 3 of the solution, and the adsorption capacity reaches its maximum of 96% at only 0.5g of the powder and 25 mL of the solution. As a result, this study recommends using powder Lemna gibba plant as an alternative for activated carbon in adsorption

Novel Signposts on the Road from Natural Sources to Pharmaceutical Applications: A Combinative Approach between LC-DAD-MS and Offline LC-NMR for the Biochemical Characterization of Two Hypericum Species (H. montbretii and H. origanifolium)

The members of the genus Hypericum have great potential to develop functional uses in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. With this in mind, we aimed to determine the chemical profiling and biological properties of different extracts (ethyl acetate, methanol and water) from two Hypericum species (H. montbretii and H. origanifolium). We combined two approaches (LC-DAD-MS and LC-NMR) to identify and quantify chemical compounds of the extracts. Antioxidant properties (free radical quenching, reducing power and metal chelating) and enzyme inhibitory effects (cholinesterase, tyrosinase, amylase and glucosidase) were determined as biological properties. The tested extracts were rich in caffeic acid derivatives and flavonoids, and among them, 3-caffeoyl quinic acid and myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside were found to be the main compounds. The total phenolic and flavonoid levels were determined to be 50.97–134.99 mg GAE/g and 9.87–82.63 mg RE/g, respectively. With the exception of metal chelating, the methanol and water extracts showed stronger antioxidant properties than the ethyl acetate extracts. However, different results were obtained for each enzyme inhibition assay, and in general, the ethyl acetate extracts present more enzyme-inhibiting properties than the water or methanol extracts. Results from chemical and biological analyses were combined using multivariate analysis, which allowed establishing relationships between composition and observed effects of the Hypericum extracts based on the extraction solvents. To gain more insights between chemical compounds and enzyme-inhibiting effects, we performed molecular docking analysis. We observed favorable interactions between certain compounds and the tested enzymes during our analysis, confirming the data obtained from the multivariate approach. In conclusion, the obtained results may shed light on the road from natural sources to functional applications, and the tested Hypericum species may be considered potential raw materials, with promising chemical constituents and biological activities