Fine roots distribution, light conditions and yield in a tree-based intercrop system

Paper presented at the 13th North American Agroforesty Conference, which was held June 19-21, 2013 in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada.In Poppy, L., Kort, J., Schroeder, B., Pollock, T., and Soolanayakanahally, R., eds. Agroforestry: Innovations in Agriculture. Proceedings, 13th North American Agroforestry Conference, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada, June 19-21, 2013."In tree-based intercrop systems (TBI), trees are planted in widely spaced rows to allow agricultural activities to continue. These agroforestry systems are new in Qu_bec but well known in Europe, USA and China (Baldy et al., 1993; Rivest and Olivier, 2007). The integration of trees into an agroforestry system has the potential to enhance soil fertility, reduce erosion, improve water quality, increase biodiversity and aesthetics, and sequester carbon (Jose, 2009; Montagnini and Nair, 2004). However, the presence of trees also results in aboveground and belowground interspecific interactions with crop, which can include competition, facilitation or complementarity (Jose et al., 2004; Rivest and Olivier, 2007; Van Noordwijk et al., 1996). In theory, TBI systems can be more productive than the respective monocultures if trees have the capacity to take resources like water and nutrients in deeper soil layers than those used by crops (Cannell et al., 1996)."--Introduction.L�a Bouttier (1), Alain Paquette (2), Christian Messier (2) and Alain Cogliastro (1) ; 1. Institut de Recherche en Biologie V�g�tale, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montr�al, QC H1X 2B2, Canada. 2. Universit� du Qu�bec a Montr�al, 270 Rue Saint Antoine Ouest, Montreal, QC H2Y 0A3, Canada.Includes bibliographical references

Value of sonography combined with clinical assessment to evaluate muscle injury severity in athletes.

International audiencePredicting when an athlete can return to sport after muscle injury is a major concern. To determine whether combining objective clinical and ultrasound findings at presentation accurately predicted time to sport resumption in athletes with muscle injuries. Cohort study. Sports medicine clinic. A total of 93 consecutive patients, 87 male and 6 female, were seen over a 1-year period for sudden-onset muscle pain while engaging in a sporting activity within the last 5 days and inability to continue the training session or game. Standardized physical examination and sonogram. Statistical associations between clinical and sonographic features at presentation and time to sport resumption (<40 days or ≥ 40 days) were evaluated using multivariate models. Correlations between time to sport resumption predicted by a sports medicine specialist and actual time to sport resumption were evaluated using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. The 93 patients had 95 injuries, caused by muscle contraction in 86 cases and impact in 9 cases. Only 7 injuries had normal sonogram findings. Late sport resumption was associated with 4 clinical criteria (bruising, tenderness to palpation, range-of-motion limitation compared with the other limb, and increased pain with isometric contraction during passive limb straightening) and 4 sonographic criteria (disorganized fibrous tissue, intramuscular hematoma, intermuscular hematoma, and power Doppler signal). The Spearman rank correlation coefficient between predicted and actual times was 0.669 (P < .0001) for mild exercise resumption and 0.804 (P < .0001) for full sport resumption. A combination of physical and sonographic data collected during the acute phase of sport-related muscle injury was effective in predicting time to sport resumption

Value of sonography combined with clinical assessment to evaluate muscle injury severity in athletes.

International audiencePredicting when an athlete can return to sport after muscle injury is a major concern. To determine whether combining objective clinical and ultrasound findings at presentation accurately predicted time to sport resumption in athletes with muscle injuries. Cohort study. Sports medicine clinic. A total of 93 consecutive patients, 87 male and 6 female, were seen over a 1-year period for sudden-onset muscle pain while engaging in a sporting activity within the last 5 days and inability to continue the training session or game. Standardized physical examination and sonogram. Statistical associations between clinical and sonographic features at presentation and time to sport resumption (<40 days or ≥ 40 days) were evaluated using multivariate models. Correlations between time to sport resumption predicted by a sports medicine specialist and actual time to sport resumption were evaluated using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. The 93 patients had 95 injuries, caused by muscle contraction in 86 cases and impact in 9 cases. Only 7 injuries had normal sonogram findings. Late sport resumption was associated with 4 clinical criteria (bruising, tenderness to palpation, range-of-motion limitation compared with the other limb, and increased pain with isometric contraction during passive limb straightening) and 4 sonographic criteria (disorganized fibrous tissue, intramuscular hematoma, intermuscular hematoma, and power Doppler signal). The Spearman rank correlation coefficient between predicted and actual times was 0.669 (P < .0001) for mild exercise resumption and 0.804 (P < .0001) for full sport resumption. A combination of physical and sonographic data collected during the acute phase of sport-related muscle injury was effective in predicting time to sport resumption

Effet d'une réduction simultanée de la fertilisation azotée et du chargement sur les performances des vaches laitières au pâturage.

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Effet d'une réduction simultanée de la fertilisation azotée et du chargement sur les performances des vaches laitières au pâturage.

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Effet d'une réduction simultanée de la fertilisation azotée et du chargement sur les performances des vaches laitières et la valorisation du pâturage

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A unified broadcast layer for horizon 2020 delivery of multimedia services

International audienceIt is expected that, in the coming years, the video data traffic carried by mobile networks will increase drastically. Among the different ways of facing this "mobile data tsunami", the cooperation of several complementary access technologies offers promising prospects. In the context of such a cooperative approach, this paper proposes the definition of a unified broadcast layer, close to the 3GPP-LTE technology, and therefore liable to be easily integrated in mobile devices and infrastructure equipment. The general technical requirements for the design of such a common physical layer are detailed and a practical example based on the 3GPP/LTE-E-MBMS and DVB-T2 standards is described. The verification of the proposed approach is performed through simulation results and validation tests carried out on a hardware platform

Vitrification of goat embryos: effect of sucrose of embryo survival rate after transfer into recipient

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Improved in vivo survival rate of in vitro produced goat embryos after coculture with bovine oviductal cells and vitrification

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Birth of live offspring from cultured nuclear transferred embryos in goats

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