Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM). The tenth birthday of a research envision with international impact but strongly involved with the territory

At the beginning of the 2000’ a small group of researchers belonging to the Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (FCA), began meeting regularly with colleagues from other institutions in a sort of "scientific club" then called Centro de Biología Vegetal de  endoza (CEBIVEM). The aim of this group was to carry on seminars to discuss the advances either of the CEBIVEM members and/or the state of arts in some specific subjects related to plant biology and associated organisms. From the beginning, the holistic vision of plants and their environment was clear.At the beginning of the 2000’ a small group of researchers belonging to the Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (FCA), began meeting regularly with colleagues from other institutions in a sort of "scientific club" then called Centro de Biología Vegetal de  endoza (CEBIVEM). The aim of this group was to carry on seminars to discuss the advances either of the CEBIVEM members and/or the state of arts in some specific subjects related to plant biology and associated organisms. From the beginning, the holistic vision of plants and their environment was clear

Escobajos de la vid como fuente de compuestos fenólicos con propiedades antioxidantes

Winemaking industry generates considerable amounts of bunch stems that are usually wasted despite their potential value as source of bioactive compounds. Phenolic profiles and antioxidant capacity (AC) of bunch stem extracts from eight grape varieties of Vitis vinifera L. were determined. Sixteen phenolic compounds (PC) were quantified by high performance-liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). The maximum concentrations corresponded to the flavanols (+)-catechin (6462 μg g-1 DW) and procyanidin B1 (1987 μg g-1 DW), followed by the hydroxycinnamic acid caftaric acid (2967 μg g-1 DW). Naringin, myricetin and OH-tyrosol were identified for the first time in grape bunch stems. Total phenolic content (TPC) of extracts, assessed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE), ranged between 47 and 125 mg GAE g-1 DW. The AC of extracts was appraised by ORAC, ABTS and DPPH assays, with a good correlation between TPC and AC when measured by ABTS and DPPH (r ≥ 0.92), while for ORAC the correlation was lower (r ≤ 0.41). Samples of cv. Malbec, the most representative variety of Argentina, presented the highest contents in PC, particularly flavanols. The results showed that grape bunch stems may be an inexpensive, sustainable and high value source of bioactive compounds as functional ingredients.La industria vitivinícola genera cantidades considerables de escobajo que generalmente se desperdician a pesar de su valor potencial como fuente de compuestos bioactivos. En este trabajo se determinaron los perfiles fenólicos y capacidad antioxidantes (CA) de extractos de escobajo de ocho variedades diferentes de Vitis vinífera L. Se cuantificaron 16 compuestos fenólicos (PC) utilizando cromatografía líquida de alta resolución acoplada a detector de arreglo de diodos (HPLC-DAD). Las concentraciones más elevadas obtenidas correspondieron a los flavanoles (+)-catequina (6462 μg g-1 peso seco) y procianidina B1 (1987 μg g-1 peso seco), seguido del ácido caftárico (2967 μg g-1 peso seco). La naringenina, miricetina y OH-tirosol fueron identificados por primera vez en escobajos. El contenido total de compuestos fenólicos (TPC) de los extractos determinado con equivalentes de ácido gálico (GAE) presentó valores entre 47 y 125 mg GAE g-1 peso seco. La CA de los extractos fue determinada mediante las técnicas ORAC, ABTS y DPPH, evidenciando una buena correlación entre TPC y la CA medida mediante ABTS y DPPH (r ≥ 0,92), mientras que para ORAC la correlación fue más baja (r ≤ 0,41). La muestra de variedad más representativa de Argentina, cv. Malbec, presentó los mayores niveles de PC, particularmente flavanoles. Los resultados evidencian que los escobajos pueden ser una fuente económica, sostenible y de alto valor de compuestos bioactivos para su utilización como ingredientes funcionales.Fil: Ferreyra, Susana Gisela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Bottini, Ambrosio Rubén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina. Universidad "Juan Agustín Maza"; ArgentinaFil: Fontana, Ariel Ramón. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentin

Assessment of grapevine stems as source of phenolics with antioxidant properties.

ARTÍCULO PUBLICADO EN REVISTA EXTERNA. Winemaking industry generates considerable amounts of bunch stems that are usually wasted despite their potential value as source of bioactive compounds. Phenolic profiles and antioxidant capacity (AC) of bunch stem extracts from eight grape varieties of Vitis vinifera L. were determined. Sixteen phenolic compounds (PC) were quantified by high performance-liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). The maximum concentrations corresponded to the flavanols (+)-catechin (6462 μg g-1 DW) and procyanidin B1 (1987 μg g-1 DW), followed by the hydroxycinnamic acid caftaric acid (2967 μg g-1 DW). Naringin, myricetin and OH-tyrosol were identified for the first time in grape bunch stems. Total phenolic content (TPC) of extracts, assessed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE), ranged between 47 and 125 mg GAE g-1 DW. The AC of extracts was appraised by ORAC, ABTS and DPPH assays, with a good correlation between TPC and AC when measured by ABTS and DPPH (r ≥ 0.92), while for ORAC the correlation was lower (r ≤ 0.41). Samples of cv. Malbec, the most representative variety of Argentina, presented the highest contents in PC, particularly flavanols. The results showed that grape bunch stems may be an inexpensive, sustainable and high value source of bioactive compounds as functional ingredients. Sitio de la revista: http://revistas.uncuyo.edu.ar/ojs3/index.php/RFCA/article/view/272

Fitohormonas : ¿Cómo interpretan las plantas las señales del ambiente?

Algunos organismos en general, y las plantas superiores en particular, por su carácter sésil no tienen más alternativa que enfrentar las condiciones del ambiente ya que no pueden evitar las contingencias del mismo, tal como hacemos los animales. Factores como luz, temperatura, humedad relativa del aire (HR), contenido hídrico del suelo, disponibilidad de nutrientes en el mismo, etc., son señales del cambio en sí mismo o anticipan los cambios por venir. A modo de ejemplo, observando diversos ambientes veremos que algunos árboles crecen muy alto en busca de la luz solar, mientas que otros lo hacen con una inclinación contraria al sentido de fuertes vientos predominantes.Academia Nacional de Agronomía y Veterinari

Fitohormonas : ¿Cómo interpretan las plantas las señales del ambiente?

Algunos organismos en general, y las plantas superiores en particular, por su carácter sésil no tienen más alternativa que enfrentar las condiciones del ambiente ya que no pueden evitar las contingencias del mismo, tal como hacemos los animales. Factores como luz, temperatura, humedad relativa del aire (HR), contenido hídrico del suelo, disponibilidad de nutrientes en el mismo, etc., son señales del cambio en sí mismo o anticipan los cambios por venir. A modo de ejemplo, observando diversos ambientes veremos que algunos árboles crecen muy alto en busca de la luz solar, mientas que otros lo hacen con una inclinación contraria al sentido de fuertes vientos predominantes.Academia Nacional de Agronomía y Veterinari

Fitohormonas : ¿Cómo interpretan las plantas las señales del ambiente?

Algunos organismos en general, y las plantas superiores en particular, por su carácter sésil no tienen más alternativa que enfrentar las condiciones del ambiente ya que no pueden evitar las contingencias del mismo, tal como hacemos los animales. Factores como luz, temperatura, humedad relativa del aire (HR), contenido hídrico del suelo, disponibilidad de nutrientes en el mismo, etc., son señales del cambio en sí mismo o anticipan los cambios por venir. A modo de ejemplo, observando diversos ambientes veremos que algunos árboles crecen muy alto en busca de la luz solar, mientas que otros lo hacen con una inclinación contraria al sentido de fuertes vientos predominantes.Academia Nacional de Agronomía y Veterinari

ABA increased soybean yield by enhancing production of carbohydrates and their allocation in seed

Soybean is the most expanding crop worldwide, and in the last 30 years it has doubled the cultivated area (FAO, 2002). Argentina is one of the main producers, where soybean production increased from 11 millions of tons in the campaign 1990-1991 to 55 millions of tons in the campaign 2009- 2010, with a planted area that reached 18.7 million hectares (GEA, 2010). Soybean expansion in Argentina has been so significant that the crop is now located in areas that were previously considered “marginal” or “not suitable for the crop” due to environmental conditions (Qaim & Traxler, 2005; Monti, 2008; Zak et al., 2008). In the last five years, this crop has moved approximately 4.6 millions of hectares of other crops and pasture lands (Pengue, 2009). The same as in other countries in Latin America such as Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay, soybean culture has been the main cause of deforestation during the last years (Kaimowitz & Smith 2001; Steininger et al., 2001; Pengue, 2009). Several technological advances have allowed the development of a new agricultural model that having less input is able to increase yields therefore generating an intensive system that in turn increases the financial profit (Monti, 2008). The use of practices such as direct sowing, fertilization, and genetically modified materials resistant to glyphosate that allow easy weed control and with high yield potential, have permitted yield increases and consolidated the new agricultural model. This agricultural model, based in monoculture, has made soybean production very economic to crop growers allowing an interesting income in a short period with low investment of resources. Argentina’s economy is greatly dependent on the currency generated by exportation of primary products and it is one of the top three producers and exporters of vegetable oils, and the biggest worldwide exporter of soybean oil (FAO, 2008). Due to the country’s size and geographical diversity, soybean has a high potential to satisfy the increasing international demand of bio-fuels (Tomei & Upham, 2009). Therefore it is possible to think in a future of increasing soybean production.Fil: Reinoso, Herminda Elmira. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; ArgentinaFil: Travaglia, Claudia Noemi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; ArgentinaFil: Bottini, Ambrosio Rubén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentin

Terroir and vintage discrimination of Malbec wines based on phenolic composition across multiple sites in Mendoza, Argentina

ARTÍCULO PUBLICADO EN REVISTA EXTERNA. This study evaluated the phenolic profiles of Malbec wines made from grapes of 23 parcels distributed in 12 geographical indications (GIs) from Mendoza, Argentina. Wines were elaborated under standardized winemaking conditions over three consecutive vintages (2016–2018). Data discriminated wines from different GIs and parcels, based on an integrative data analysis by chemometric tools. Vintage effect and specific phenolic compounds were associated with some GIs or parcels. As well, regional climate conditions allowed partial discrimination of the GIs (and also some parcels). A random forest analysis correctly identified 11 out of 23 individual parcels across the different vintages. The most notorious compounds associated with such classification were p-coumaric acid, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, caffeic acid, quercetin and peonidin-3-O-glucoside. The presented research allows to individualize, through phenolic profiles, parcels with unique characteristics over years. This is the first report characterizing Malbec wines coming from several GIs (and individual parcels) in different vintages. These results are strongly related to terroir features of wines, contributing to a better communication to consumers and to position Argentinean wines

Abscisic Acid’s Role in the Modulation of Compounds that Contribute to Wine Quality

ARTÍCULO PUBLICADO EN REVISTA EXTERNA. Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role in the plant responses to environmental signals, in particular by triggering secondary metabolism. High-altitude vineyards in Mendoza, Argentina, are exposed to elevated solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) levels and moderate water deficits (WD), thus producing grapevine berries with high enological quality for red winemaking. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and phenolic compounds (PCs) accumulate in the berry skins, possess antioxidant activity, and are important attributes for red wine. The aim of the present study was to analyze the role of ABA in the modulation of these compounds in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Malbec wines by comparing the independent and interactive effects of UV-B, WD, and ABA. Two UV-B treatments (ambient solar UV-B or reduced UV-B), two watering treatments (well-watered or moderate water deficit) and two ABA treatments (no ABA and sprayed ABA) were given in a factorial design during one growing season. Sprayed ABA, alone and/or in combination with UV-B (specially) and WD (to a lower degree) increased low molecular weight polyphenols (LMWP), anthocyanins, but most noticeably the stilbenes trans-resveratrol and piceid. Under these treatments, VOCs were scarcely affected, and the antioxidant capacity was influenced by the combination of UV-B and WD. From a technological point of view, ABA applications may be an effective vineyard management tool, considering that it elicited a higher content of compounds beneficial for wine aging, as well compounds related to color

Assessment of grapevine stems as source of phenolics with antioxidant properties

Winemaking industry generates considerable amounts of bunch stems that are usually wasted despite their potential value as source of bioactive compounds. Phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities (AA) of bunch stem extracts from eight grape varieties of Vitis vinifera L. were determined. Sixteen phenolic compounds (PC) were quantified by high performance-liquid chromatographydiode array detection (HPLC-DAD). The maximum concentrations corresponded to the flavanols (+)-catechin (6462 µg g-1 DW), followed by the hydroxycinnamic acid caftaric acid (2967 µg g-1 DW) and procyanidin B1 (1987 µg g-1 DW). Naringin, myricetin and OH-tyrosol were identified for the first time in grape bunch stems. Total phenolic content (TPC) of extracts assessed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE) ranged between 47 and 125 mg GAE g-1 DW. The AA of extracts was appraised by ORAC, ABTS and DPPH assays, with a good correlation between TPC and AA when measured by ABTS and DPPH (r ≥ 0.92), while for ORAC the correlation was lower (r ≤ 0.41). Samples of cv. Malbec, the most representative variety of Argentina, presented the highest contents in PC, particularly flavanols. The results showed that grape bunch stems may be an inexpensive, sustainable and high value source of bioactive compounds as functional ingredients.Fil: Ferreyra, Susana Gisela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Bottini, Rubén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina. Universidad "Juan Agustín Maza"; ArgentinaFil: Piccoli, Patricia Noemí. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Fontana, Ariel Ramón. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina1st International Congress on Science, Biodiversity and SustainabilityBelo HorizonteBrasilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerai