Review of \u3ci\u3eFishes of the Central United States\u3c/i\u3e by Joseph R. Tomelleri and Mark E. Eberle.

The second, enlarged edition is a timely and necessary revision of the comfortable first edition classic. Tomelleri and Eberle remain true to their initial intent of providing accurate yet readable species accounts and detailed illustrations of Great Plains fishes. Format and style are especially suited for nontechnical audiences (anglers, naturalists, fish enthusiasts), whereas detailed life history accounts, summaries of conservation threats, and an extensive bibliography serve as handy references for natural resource managers and researchers. Upon first review, the Revised and Expanded label may seem suspect: this second edition has 34 fewer total pages. However, revision of taxonomy and addition of species accounts are quickly noticed and appreciated. Two families elevated since 1990 are added along with revised family and genera names. Notable additions are made to Cyprinidae, Ictaluridae, and Percidae. Among cyprinids, several genera (e.g., Hybognathus, Macrhybopsis, Dionda) are expanded or added, five new species accounts appear, and illustrations increase from 27 to 71

Islets in Type 2 Diabetes: In Honor of Dr. Robert C. Turner

long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered. Se

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Risk of Melanoma

Because nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit tumor growth in vitro, we investigated the association between NSAIDs and melanoma to determine if there was epidemiologic evidence of a chemopreventive effect from these medications. Three hundred twenty-seven subjects with incident melanoma and 119 melanoma-free controls completed a structured interview assessing melanoma risk factors. The unadjusted odds ratio (OR) for use of nonaspirin NSAIDs was 0.58 (95% CI 0.31–1.11), in a comparison of subjects with melanoma to controls. After adjustment for melanoma risk factors, the OR was 0.71 (95% CI 0.23–2.02). Aspirin users had an unadjusted OR of 0.85 (95% CI 0.45–1.69) and an adjusted OR of 1.45 (95% CI 0.44–4.74). In this pilot study, we found no evidence of a significant association between analgesic use and melanoma risk when potential confounders are assessed. Based on conflicting reports in the literature, meta-analysis may be appropriate

The Aeolus Mission Concept, an Innovative Mission to Study the Winds and Climate of Mars

Aeolus is a mission to provide the first set of global, seasonal, and diurnal data to characterize winds and study the climate of Mars. Aeolus measures surface and atmospheric temperatures, aerosol abundances, and Doppler shifts in atmospheric spectral lines. The payload includes a system of four of a new type of miniaturized Spatial Heterodyne Spectrometer (SHS) paired to two orthogonal viewing telescopes that can measure CO2 (daytime absorption) and O2 (day and night emission) lines in the Martian atmosphere. The Thermal Limb Sounder (TLS) instrument measures atmospheric temperature profiles and aerosol (H2O ice clouds, dust) profiles, and the Surface Radiometric Sensor Package (SuRSeP) measures the total reflected solar radiance, and surface temperatures down to 140K. These combined spectral and thermal measurements will provide a new understanding of the global energy balance, dust transport processes, and climate cycles in the Martian atmosphere. The mission concept for Aeolus consists of a single sub-100 kg secondary spacecraft in a highly inclined orbit, allowing it to pass over all local times. Aeolus attains global coverage of the surface for a mission duration of one Martian year, to capture climate patterns during each Martian season. This paper gives an overview of the Aeolus payload, spacecraft, and the methodology used to mature the Aeolus mission concept

Increasing the link-distance of free-space quantum coherent communication with large area detectors

Abstract A large area photo‐diode based homodyne detector for free‐space quantum coherent communication is reported. The detector's performance is studied in terms of the detection bandwidth and electronic noise for shot‐noise limited quantum signal detection. Using large area photo‐diodes increases the signal collection efficiency from turbulent atmospheric channels, in comparison with thetypical fibre‐based free‐space homodyne detectors. Under identical atmospheric turbulence and receiver aperture conditions, over a 700‐km free‐space link at 90° elevation angle, our homodyne detector based on a diameter of 1mm photo‐diode experiences 0dB loss due to turbulence, while a 10‐um fibre‐based detector experiences 13.5dB of signal loss

Temperature-mediated feeding between spring-associated and riverine-associated congeners, with implications for community segregation

Freshwater fish communities segregate along water temperature gradients attributed in part to temperature-mediated physiological processes that affect species fitness. In spring complexes of southwest USA, spring complexes with narrow range of water temperatures are dominated by a community of fishes (i.e., spring-associated fishes), whereas riverine habitats with wide-range of water temperatures are dominated by a different community of fishes (i.e., riverine-associated fishes). The purpose of this study was to test a prediction of the concept that temperature-mediated species performance is a mechanism in maintaining community segregation. We predicted that a spring-associated fish (Largespring Gambusia Gambusia geiseri) would feed first and more often in a pairing with a riverine-associated fish (Western Mosquitofish G. affinis) at an average spring temperature (23 °C) and that the riverine-associated fish would feed first and more often in a pairing with the spring-associated fish at a warm riverine temperature (30 °C). Among four trails consisting of 30 pairings, at the spring complex temperature (23 °C), Largespring Gambusia had a greater number of first feeds (mean ± 1 SD, 5.0 ± 0.82) than Western Mosquitofish (2.5 ± 1.73) and had greater mean number of total feeds (1.9 ± 0.31) than Western Mosquitofish (0.81 ± 0.70). At the riverine environment temperature (30 °C), Western Mosquitofish had a greater number of first feeds (5.25 ± 1.71) than Largespring Gambusia (2.5 ± 1.73) and had greater mean number of total feeds (2.78 ± 1.05) than Largespring Gambusia (0.94 ± 0.68). Our findings suggest that temperature-mediated species performance could be maintaining segregation between the two fish communities. This study benefits our understanding of distributional patterns and improves threat assessments of stenothermal aquatic organisms

Instream Flows Research and Validation Methodology Framework and Brazos Estuary Characterization: Brazos River and Associated Bay and Estuary System

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Instream Flows Research and Validation Methodology Framework: Guadulupe, San Antonio, Mission, and Aransas Rivers and Mission, Copano, Aransas, and San Antonio Bays Basin

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Coping With Urban Habitats Via Glucocorticoid Regulation: Physiology, Behavior, and Life History in Stream Fishes

As environments become urbanized, tolerant species become more prevalent. The physiological, behavioral and life-history mechanisms associated with the success of such species in urbanized habitats are not well understood, especially in freshwater ecosystems. Here, we examined the glucocorticoid (GC) profiles, life-history traits, and behavior of two species of fish across a gradient of urbanization to understand coping capacity and associated trade-offs. We studied the tolerant live-bearing Western Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) for two years and the slightly less tolerant, egg-laying, Blacktail Shiner (Cyprinella venusta) for one year. We used a water-borne hormone method to examine baseline, stress-induced, and recovery cortisol release rates across six streams with differing degrees of urbanization. We also measured life-history traits related to reproduction, and for G. affinis, we measured shoaling behavior and individual activity in a novel arena. Both species showed a trend for reduced stress responsiveness in more urbanized streams, accompanied by higher reproductive output. Although not all populations fit this trend, these results suggest that GC suppression may be adaptive for coping with urban habitats. In G. affinis, GC recovery increased with urbanization, and individuals with the lowest stress response and highest recovery had the greatest reproductive allotment, suggesting that rapid return to baseline GC levels is also an important coping mechanism. In G. affinis, urban populations showed altered life-history trade-offs whereas behavioral traits did not vary systematically with urbanization. Thus, these tolerant species of fish may cope with anthropogenically modified streams by altering their GC profiles and life-history trade-offs. These results contribute to understanding the mechanisms driving species-specific adaptations and thereby community structure in freshwater systems associated with land-use converted areas