Second Vatican Council Fathers and Their Concern about Catholic Biblical Studies

The article presents the significant development of theological and biblical thinking since the beginning of the 20th century until the end of the Second Vatican Council. The tension between natural sciences and Biblical Studies, and thenceforth between historical studies and the matter of historical truth in the Bible, became the cause of numerous disputes, and controversies that Catholic theologians could not manage. Additional difficulties were caused by dubious conclusions of the Protestant exegetes, who stated that based on the Gospels there is only one reliable fact about the historical Jesus – the fact that he had existed (R. Bultmann). The very systematic and persistent work of the Council Fathers led to the formulation of the Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum. This document described the nature of Divine Revelation and acknowledged all scientific research of the Catholic theologians and biblical scholars

ON TORSIONAL ELASTIC WAVES IN THE VEHICLE GEARED DRIVE SYSTEMS

In the paper, non-linear transient torsional vibrations of the motor and rail vehicle drive systems are investigated. Considerations are performed using discrete-continuous models consisting of rigid bodies of constant and variable mass moments of inertia connected each other by means of cylindrical elastic elements with continuously distributed parameters as well as by means of massless, non-linear torsional springs. An application of the d'Alembert solutions of the wave motion equations leads to appropriate systems of linear and non-linear ordinary differential equations with a 'shifted' argument. The shifted argument enables to solve these systems of equations numerically in an appropriate sequence which, in comparison with coupled ordinary differential equations for analogous discrete models, essentially increases the numerical efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method. In the numerical examples, there are considered some non-linear effects due to backlashes in the geared drive systems of the motor vehicle and the electric locomotive bogie

Social enterprise : finding identity between social and economic goals

Przedsiębiorstwa społeczne stały się w ostatnich latach przedmiotem debaty publicznej jako organizacje, które mogą rozwiązywać wiele problemów społecznych na poziomie lokalnym. Zatrudnianie osób wykluczonych rynku pracy, wspieranie i aktywizowanie lokalnych podmiotów gospodarczych czy wreszcie dostarczanie usług społecznych to tylko wstępne oczekiwania skierowane ku przedsiębiorstwom społecznym rozwijającym się dzięki publicznemu wsparciu. Jednocześnie oczekuje się od nich także realizacji celów biznesowych — konkurowania na rynku, generowania nadwyżek, a nawet maksymalizacji zysków. Ten dualizm oczekiwań wobec przedsiębiorstw społecznych może prowadzić do poczucia odrealnienia celów i zagubienia (może nawet utraty) własnej tożsamości. Celem opracowania jest przedstawienie, jak przedsiębiorstwa społeczne równoważą w swoim funkcjonowaniu osiąganie celów społecznych i ekonomicznych. Czym skutkuje silny nacisk na osiąganie celów społecznych? Czy jest to zadowolenie społecznych interesariuszy i uzależnienie od publicznych źródeł wsparcia przedsiębiorstwa? Czy z kolei skupienie na biznesowej stronie działania daje w efekcie większe możliwości spełniania oczekiwań społecznych?In recent years social enterprises have become the subject of public debate as organizations which can solve many social problems at the local level. Hiring people excluded from the labor market, supporting and activating local economic operators and finally the provision of social services are only some of the most basic expectations directed at social enterprises which are constantly growing thanks to public support. On the other hand, they are also expected to achieve business objectives: to compete on the market, generate surpluses and even maximize profits. This discordant duality of expectations social enterprises are forced to face can be conducive to a feeling of unreality of goals and misapprehension (perhaps even loss) of their own identity. The aim of this paper is to show how social enterprises balance the realization of their social and economic goals. What is the consequence of a strong focus on social objectives? Is it the social satisfaction of stakeholders and the enterprise’s dependence on public resources for financial support? Or maybe focusing on the business side results in the enterprises generating more power for themselves which enables them to better meet social expectations

Condition monitoring of railway track systems by using acceleration signals on wheelset axle-boxes

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the possibilities of estimating the track condition using axle-boxes and car-bodies motions described by acceleration signals. In the paper, the results presented indicate the condition of tracks obtained from the preliminary investigation on the test track. Furthermore, the results from the supervised runs (on Polish Railway Lines) of Electric Multiple Unit (EMU-ED74) with the prototype of track quality monitoring system installed on-board are described. As Track Quality Indicator (TQI) algorithm, used in the mentioned prototype, a modified Karhunen–Loève transformation is used in preliminary preparation of acceleration signals. The transformation is used to extract the principal dynamics from measurement data. Obtained results are compared to other methods of evaluating the geometrical track quality, namely methods, which apply the synthetic coefficient Jsynth and five parameters of defectiveness W5. The results from the investigation showed that track condition estimation is possible with acceptable accuracy for in-service use and for defining cost-effective maintenance strategies. First published online 04 September 201

Second Vatican Council Fathers and Their Concern about Catholic Biblical Studies

The article presents the significant development of theological and biblical thinking since the beginning of the 20th century until the end of the Second Vatican Council. The tension between natural sciences and Biblical Studies, and thenceforth between historical studies and the matter of historical truth in the Bible, became the cause of numerous disputes, and controversies that Catholic theologians could not manage. Additional difficulties were caused by dubious conclusions of the Protestant exegetes, who stated that based on the Gospels there is only one reliable fact about the historical Jesus – the fact that he had existed (R. Bultmann). The very systematic and persistent work of the Council Fathers led to the formulation of the Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum. This document described the nature of Divine Revelation and acknowledged all scientific research of the Catholic theologians and biblical scholars

Całun Turyński a relacje ewangelistów o Męce Pańskiej

Although in the light of science it cannot be stated with certainty that the Shroud of Turin is the cloth in which Jesus Christ was wrapped during the burial, by analogy there is a possibility to conduct comparative studies on the Lord’s Passion derived from the Gospels and with the results of research by the syndonologists dealing with scientific analysis of the Shroud. The article is an attempt to compare such the accounts of the Gospel writers with the data from the Shroud of Turin. It seems that there are no contradictions in these data, they even confirm the entire Gospel descriptions. Moreover, these descriptions in many points seem very concise. On the other hand, the study of the Shroud provides many details not mentioned by the Gospel writers.Chociaż w świetle nauki nie można z całą pewnością stwierdzić, że Całun Turyński jest płótnem, w które w czasie pogrzebu był owinięty Jezus Chrystus, to jednak przez analogię można przeprowadzić badania porównawcze danych o Męce Pańskiej wyprowadzonych z Ewangelii z wynikami badań syndonologów zajmujących się analizą naukową Całunu. Artykuł jest próbą takiego właśnie porównania relacji Ewangelistów z danymi z Całunu Turyńskiego. Okazuje się, że nie ma w tych danych żadnych sprzeczności, wręcz pasują one w całości do ewangelicznych opisów. Co więcej, opisy te w wielu punktach są lapidarne. Natomiast badania nad Całunem dostarczają wielu szczegółów, o których ewangeliści nie wspominają