Hellenistic coins from the Jagiellonian University excavations at the hellenistic-roman agora of Nea Paphos (Paphos Agora Project 2011-2019) : preliminary observations

Niniejszy artykuł jest krótką i bardzo wstępną informacją na temat monet hellenistycznych odkrytych podczas prac wykopaliskowych prowadzonych przez archeologów z Instytutu Archeologii UJ na agorze starożytnego Nea Pafos w latach 2011–2019. Pierwsze badania archeologiczne agory przeprowadził na przełomie lat 60. i 70. XX w. Kyriakos Nicolaou. Zespół archeologów z Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego pod kierownictwem Ewdoksji Papuci-Władyka rozpoczął eksplorację terenu agory w 2011 r. Podczas polskich wykopalisk znaleziono co najmniej 480 monet i krążków monetarnych. Znaczna część z nich (co najmniej 180 egzemplarzy) została wybita w okresie hellenistycznym. W skład tej grupy wchodzą głównie monety ptolemejskie (ponad 67%), ale także bite na Cyprze brązy typu Zeus/Zeus (20,5%), monety z regionu syro-palestyńskiego (Seleucydzi, Judea – ponad 6%), monety macedońsko-antygonidzkie (3,8%), monety z południowo-wschodniej części basenu Morza Egejskiego i Azji Mniejszej (1,6%) jak i inne. W artykule przedstawiono wstępne obserwacje dotyczące chronologii i struktury znalezisk.The present article is a short and very preliminary report about the Hellenistic coins found during excavations conducted by the team of the Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University at the agora of the ancient Nea Paphos in 2011–2019. The first archaeological research at the agora had been conducted in the late 1960s and 1970s by Kyriakos Nicolaou. The Jagiellonian University team, led by Ewdoksia Papuci-Władyka started to explore the agora area in 2011. There were at least 480 coins and coin flans found during the Polish excavations. Great part of them are minted in the Hellenistic Period. The group consists mainly of Ptolemaic coins (over 67%), but includes also Cypriot bronzes of the Zeus/Zeus type (20.5%), coins of Syro-Palestinian region (Seleucid, Hasmonean rulers – over 6%), Macedonian-Antigonid issues (3.8%), the coins from south-eastern Aegean and Asia Minor (1.6%) as well as others. Some preliminary observations concerning chronology and structure of the finds are presented

Old finds of Roman coins in the archives and collection of the National Museum in Krakow III : Dr Wacław Pancerzyński and discoveries of Roman coins in Volhynia

Before World War II, some Roman coins discovered in Volhynia were added to the numismatic col- lection of the National Museum in Krakow (NMK). Some of them were donated by Dr Wacław Pancerzyński, a physician and a major in the Polish Army. He obtained the coins during his service in the Border Protection Corps in Mizocz in what was then Zdołbunowski poviat (today Mizoch, zdolbunivs’kii raion, rivnens’ka oblast’, Ukraine). The three coins, donated in 1927, were most likely part of a hoard of Roman denarii discovered that year in the vicinity of Mizocz. In turn, a bronze coin of Constantine the Great, type “Urbs Roma”, found in Buszcza (today Bushcha, zdolbunivs’kii rayon, rivnens’ka oblast’, Ukraine), entered the NMK collection in 1929. It remains to this day the only discovery of a Roman coin recorded in this town. Unfortunately, due to confusion and the loss of some archives during World War II, it is not possible to accurately identify the coins in the current NMK collection. The same holds true regarding the denarii of Trajan and Antoninus Pius found in another locality in Volhynia, Międzyrzecz Korecki (today Velyki Mezhyrychi, koretskyi raion, rivnens’ka oblast’, Ukraine), donated by Dr Stanisław Tomkowicz. This find is well known in the literature. Unfortunately, we do not know how the donor, an outstanding figure known for his work for the protection of monuments in Kraków and Western Galicia, came into possession of these coins

Znaleziska monet władców Bosporu Kimeryjskiego na ziemiach polskich

Wśród polskich znalezisk starożytnych monet bitych w prowincjach Imperium Romanum lub w państwach sąsiadujących z cesarstwem niedużą, ale interesującą grupę tworzą te pochodzące z obszaru tzw. Królestwa Bosporańskiego. Chodzi tutaj o monety bite między I wiekiem p.n.e. a IV wiekiem n.e. Z terenu dzisiejszej Polski znamy jak dotąd sześć takich znalezisk. Cztery z nich zostały dokonane w okresie do około połowy XX wieku. Są to dziewiętnastowieczne odkrycia w Staniątkach i Zarzeczu, znalezisko z lat 30. XX wieku z Gorlic-Glinika Mariampolskiego opublikowane w 1973 roku oraz pochodzące sprzed 1953 roku znalezisko z okolic Nowego Sącza-Zabełcza. Już w erze powszechnego używania wykrywaczy metali dokonano odkryć interesujących nas monet bosporańskich w miejscowości Skłóty (pow. kutnowski) i w Gąskach (pow. inowrocławski). Pochodzą one z obszaru osadnictwa kultury przeworskiej lub z terenu polskich Karpat Zachodnich objętego osadnictwem kultury puchowskiej, a później przeworskiej. Wszystkie monety bosporańskie odkryte na ziemiach polskich należą do emisji brązowych, a czas ich wybicia zawiera się pomiędzy końcem I wieku p.n.e. a połową III wieku n.e. Tym samym należą one do tzw. grupy I (monety wybite przed tzw. wojnami gockimi) i II (monety bite w okresie wojen gockich) według klasyfikacji G. Beidina i K. Myzgina opartej na licznych znaleziskach z obszaru Ukrainy i Rosji. Jest bardzo prawdopodobne, że monety te dotarły na obszar dzisiejszej Polski ze wschodu za pośrednictwem kontaktów z Sarmatami lub „gocką” ludnością kultury czerniachowskiej. Mniej prawdopodobny, choć niewykluczony, jest ich napływ z południowego wschodu, z obszaru Dacji lub Mezji, albo z południa.Among the finds in Poland of ancient coins struck in the provinces of the Imperium Romanum or in the empire’s neighboring states, a small but interesting group consists of coins from the so-called Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus. These are coins that were struck between the 1st century BC and the 4th century AD. We know of six such finds from the lands of present-day Poland. Four of these coins were found before the mid-20th century. Of these four, two were found in the 19th century – one in Staniątki and one in Zarzecze; the third was found in the 1930s in Glinik Mariampolski, Gorlice, though it was not published until 1973; and the fourth was found before 1953 near Zabełcze, Nowy Sącz. In the present age, in which metal detectors have entered into common usage, one Bosporan coin has been discovered in Skłóty, Kutno District, and one in Gąski, Inowrocław District. They come from an area in which there were settlements of the Przeworsk culture or from the lands of the Polish Western Carpathians in which there were settlements of the Púchov culture and then, later, of the Przeworsk culture. All the Bosporan coins found on Polish lands were bronze issues struck between the end of the 1st century BC and the middle of the 3rd century AD. Thus, they belong to what is called Group I (coins struck before the so-called Gothic Wars) and Group II (coins struck during the Gothic Wars), in accordance with G. Beidin and K. Myzgin’s classification, which is based on numerous finds from Ukraine and Russia. It is very likely that the coins of interest to us here made their way to the lands of present-day Poland from the east via contacts with the Sarmatians or with the “Gothic” peoples of the Chernyakhov culture. It is less likely – though it cannot be ruled out – that these coins came from the southeast, from the region of Dacia or Moesia or from the south

A Late-Roman solidus found at Prełuki (the upper San River basin)

The aim of the article is to publish and discuss the late Roman solidus of Theodosius II (408-450), found in 2018 in the vicinity of the village of Prełuki, Komańcza commune, Sanok County. The coin was found randomly by treasure hunters, eventually recovered and donated to the Historical Museum of Sanok by Robert Fedyk. It is the second find of a late Roman solidus in the Upper San River basin. Several years ago a solidus of Valentinian III (425-455) had been found in Prusiek, Sanok County. Both coins belong to the early Migration Period finds horizon in this area. This consists of few bronze buckles, a sword, and fragments of a Hunnic cauldron finds. In all likelihood, the solidi found their way into the Upper San River basin as a consequence of the Hunnic-Germanic relations. They should be also treated as a part of the latest wave of Roman coins arriving in the present Lesser Poland area in the 5th century AD

A Find of a Bosporan Coin at Trębaczów, site 2, Kazimierza Wielka District (Poland)

Der Artikel widmet sich einer Bronzemünze von Sauromates II., dem Herrscher des Bosporanischen Königreichs (174/175–210/211 n. Chr.). Das Stück wurde bei einer archäologischen Untersuchung der Siedlung Trębaczów (Fundstelle 2), Kazimierza Wielka Poviat, entdeckt, die in die Zeit der Przeworsk-Kultur datiert. Vom Nominal als »Dreifach Sestertius« oder »Drachme« angesprochen, gehört die Prägung zu den zwei Serien von Bronzemünzen, die in die Zeit um 186–196 n. Chr. (Zograf 1951; Frolova 1997a) oder in die Jahre um 180–192 n. Chr. (Anokhin 1986) datiert werden. Der neu entdeckte Fund erweitert eine kleine Gruppe bosporanischer Münzen, die zwischen der zweiten Hälfte des 1. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. und dem 4. Jahrhundert n. Chr. geprägt und auf dem Gebiet des heutigen Polen entdeckt wurden. Bisher waren sechs derartige Funde bekannt. Das neue Exemplar fand wahrscheinlich in der ersten Hälfte oder in den ersten Jahren der zweiten Hälfte des dritten Jahrhunderts n. Chr. durch Kontakte zwischen verschiedenen Bevölkerungsgruppen im ost- und mitteleuropäischen Barbaricum den Weg zur Siedlung der Przeworsk-Kultur.The article is devoted to the find of a bronze coin of Sauromates II, the ruler of the Bosporan Kingdom in the years AD 174/175–210/211, during archaeological research on the Przeworsk Culture settlement (site 2) in Trębaczów, Kazimierza Wielka district. The piece, a so-called »triple sestertius« or drachm, belongs to the second series of bronze coins of the king, dated ca. AD 186–196 (Zograph 1951; Frolova 1997a) or ca. AD 180–192 (Anokhin 1986). It adds to a small group of finds of Bosporan coins minted from the second half of the 1st century BC until the 4th century AD made in the territory of today’s Poland. Previously, six such finds were known. The newly discovered specimen probably found its way to the settlement of the Przeworsk culture in the first half, or the early years of the second half, of the third century AD as a result of contacts among different groups of people living in the Eastern and Central European Barbaricum

Studies on Roman coin finds from the Central European Barbaricum in the Institute of Archaeology of the Jagiellonian University : an overview

A direct successor of the oldest tradition of academic archaeology in Poland, the Institute of Archaeology of the Jagiellonian University ranks among the leading research centres with respect to studies on the influx of Roman coins into European Barbaricum. The interest in Roman coinage at the Jagiellonian University pre-dates archaeology and can be traced back to the 16th century and the professors of the Kraków Academy (the name of the university at that time) Maciej of Miechów (1457-1523) and Stanisław Grzebski (1524-1570). In the 19th century, Roman coins discovered in the vicinity of Kraków attracted the interest of Jerzy Samuel Bandtke (1768-1835). However, the time when this area of research enjoyed particular development falls to the last years before WWII and the post-war period. A significant role in this respect was played by researchers either representing the JU Institute of Archaeology, like Professors Rudolf Jamka (1906-1972), Kazimierz Godłowski (1934-1995), and Piotr Kaczanowski (1944-2015), or those cooper-ating with the Institute like Professor Stefan Skowronek (1928-2019). Their activity laid the foundations for today’s research on the finds of Roman coins and their inflow into the territories of the Roman Period Barbaricum. Currently, this area of studies is within the focus of two of the departments of the Institute of Archaeology: the Department of Iron Age Archaeology and the Department of Classical Archaeology. The intensification of research on the inflow of Roman coins owes much to the Finds of Roman coins in Poland and lands connected historically with PL project, carried out in 2014–2018 under the leadership of Professor Aleksander Burshe, with important contributions provided by a group of scholars from the JU Institute of Archaeology. Despite the conclusion of the project, studies on the inflow of Roman coins will continue.1

The Polish-Ukrainian excavation at Koshary (Odessa province) : season 2004

Agnieszka Uziębł

Zagrożenia dziedzictwa kulturowego i jego ochrona w Jordanii - analiza trzech przypadków

Artykuł podejmuje temat ochrony dziedzictwa kulturowego na terenie Jordanii. Porównano w nim zagrożenia i sposób ochrony trzech dobrze zachowanych stanowisk archeologicznych, których rozkwit przypadał na czasy rzymskie i bizanty ńskie: Umm er-Rasas, Dajaniya i Tuwaneh. Różna charakterystyka omówionych stanowisk oraz ich położenie względem współczesnego osadnictwa sprawia, że borykają się one ze zróżnicowanymi zagrożeniami, co pozwala wyciągać bardziej ogólne wnioski dotyczące ochrony dziedzictwa kulturowego w dzisiejszej Jordanii.The paper focuses on cultural heritage protection in Jordan. It analyses and compares dangers and ways of protection of three different archaeological sites dated mainly to the Roman and Byzantine periods: Umm er-Rasas, Dajaniya and Tuwaneh. Different characteristics of these sites and their location relative to modern settlements means that they are struggling with various threats. This in turn allows to draw more general conclusions regarding cultural heritage protection in modern Jordan