SIKB0102: Synchronizing Excavation Data for Preservation and Re-Use

Key issue in re-using data from excavations is the need to understand the meaning of the contents. Integrating studies have a hard time using old datasets, for obvious reasons like finding the right data in the first place, understanding unknown codes, and the inherent difficulty of combining data from different excavations. These problems are commonly addressed by archiving and publishing harmonized data, which enables searching through combined datasets, but at the price of losing important detail. Despite hesitation, an interchange format for digital archaeological data was needed. We played a major role in the drafting group for what would later become the 'SIKB0102' interchange standard, where we ultimately focused on: 1) keeping the original level of detail while providing a harmonized view; 2) serving archiving as well as data interchange in active projects; 3) control of versions and 4) making sure that relations, key to solving archaeological mysteries, are central. An unusually flexible interchange format was created, that can hold detailed data together with, and linked to, harmonized data. Having the harmonized data makes it easy to search and combine datasets, while having the related detailed data makes it possible to drill down to the original level of detail. Archaeological data is all about structure and location, so we took care of including the vector geo-location data in the specification as well. Combining all these aspects in one interchange format make the SIKB0102 specification stands out. In The Netherlands the archaeological research data must be provided to the national archival institute (DANS), and the KNA (quality standard for the Dutch archaeology) demands submitting the data to the national archive. Today the KNA requires to provide archaeological excavation data according the SIKB0102 specification, which is a big step forward in re-using archaeological excavation data.

Locally Chain-Parsable Languages

If a context-free language enjoys the local parsability property then, no matter how the source string is segmented, each segment can be parsed in- dependently, and an efficient parallel parsing algorithm becomes possible. The new class of locally chain-parsable languages (LCPL), included in deterministic context-free languages, is here defined by means of the chain-driven automa- ton and characterized by decidable properties of grammar derivations. Such au- tomaton decides to reduce or not a factor in a way purely driven by the terminal characters, thus extending the well-known concept of Input-Driven (ID) (visibly) pushdown machines. LCPL extend and improve the practically relevant operator- precedence languages (Floyd), which are known to strictly include the ID lan- guages, and for which a parallel-parser generator exists. Consistently with the classical results for ID, chain-compatible LCPL are closed under reversal and Boolean operations, and language inclusion is decidable

Особенности личности страдающих гашишной зависимостью мужчин

Рассмотрен личностный профиль мужчин, страдающих гашишной зависимостью. Показано, что длительное употребление наркотика ведет к формированию шизотипической личности.The personality profile of men with hashish addiction is described. Prolonged use of drugs is shown to cause formation of schizothymic personality

Subnational climate entrepreneurship: innovative climate action in California and São Paulo

The distinct role of subnational governments such as states and provinces in addressing climate change has been increasingly acknowledged. But while most studies investigate the causes and consequences of particular governments’ actions and networking activities, this article argues that subnational governments can develop climate action as a collective entrepreneurial activity. Addressing many elements explored in this special issue, it focuses on the second question and identifies climate entrepreneurship in two subnational governments—the states of California (USA) and São Paulo (Brazil). Examining internal action, as well as interaction with local authorities, national governments and the international regime, entrepreneurial activities are identified in the invention, diffusion and evaluation of subnational climate policy in each case. The article draws from the recent scholarship on policy innovation, entrepreneurship and climate governance. It contributes to the literature by exploring entrepreneurial subnational government activity in addressing climate change and expanding the understanding of the effects of policy innovation at the subnational level