Diet of rainbow trout in Lake Rotoiti: an energetic perspective

We characterised seasonal and ontogenetic changes in diet and prey energy density of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand, to better understand the prey requirements of trout in central North Island lakes. Common smelt (Retropinna retropinna) was the dominant prey item of rainbow trout larger than 200 mm (77.8% of diet by weight), followed by kōura (freshwater crayfish Paranephrops planifrons; 6.3%), common bully (Gobiomorphus cotidianus; 5.5%), and kōaro (Galaxias brevipinnis; 3.4%). Juvenile rainbow trout (<200 mm) consumed amphipods, aquatic and terrestrial insects, oligochaetes, tanaid shrimps, and smelt. Trout consumed kōaro only in autumn and winter; consumption of other species did not vary seasonally. The maximum size of smelt consumed increased with increasing trout size, but trout continued to consume small smelt even as large adults. Consumption of larger prey items (kōaro and kōura) also increased with increasing trout size. This study indicates the importance of smelt for sustaining rainbow trout populations, as predation on other species was relatively low. These findings provide a basis for bioenergetic modelling of rainbow trout populations in lakes of the central North Island of New Zealand

A high resolution UV absorption spectrum of supernova ejecta in SN1006

We report a high resolution, far-ultraviolet, STIS E140M spectrum of the strong, broad Si II, III, and IV features produced by the ejecta of SN1006 seen in absorption against the background Schweizer-Middleditch star. The spectrum confirms the extreme sharpness of the red edge of the redshifted Si II 1260 A feature, supporting the idea that this edge represents the location of the reverse shock moving into the freely expanding ejecta. The expansion velocity of ejecta at the reverse shock is measured to be 7026 +-3(relative) +-10(absolute) km/s. If the shock model is correct, then the expansion velocity should be decreasing at the observable rate of 2.7 +-0.1 km/s per year. The pre-shock velocity, post-shock velocity, and post-shock velocity dispersion are all measured from the Si II 1260 A feature, and consistency of these velocities with the shock jump conditions implies that there is little or no electron heating in this fast (2680 km/s) Si-rich shock.Comment: 9 pages, 5 embedded postscript fig

Mapped Karst Groundwater Basins in the Elizabethtown 30 x 60 Minute Quadrangle

This map shows karst groundwater basins in the Elizabethtown 30 x 60 minute quadrangle, determined primarily by groundwater tracer studies. It can be used to quickly identify the groundwater basins and springs to which a site may drain. Major springs and the relative size of their catchment areas can be evaluated for potential as water supplies. The map also serves as a geographic index to literature on karst groundwater in the area

State rural development policy: the role of the community development block grant program

A partnership of the federal government and the states implement rural community development policy today, yet researchers rarely examine the nature and efficacy of this extensive intergovernmental collaboration. The authors collected data on Community Development Block Grant awards made by one state to small and rural communities for a variety of development projects over a period of more than ten years, and using a modified rural classification system detected patterns and trends in allocation. This study seeks to determine if a federally funded program assists states address the development needs of a diverse mix of rural communities. Do federal block grant programs help states meet rural community development policy objectives? This information should be helpful to local, state, and national government policy makers as they ponder proposals to reorganize dramatically the funding and implementation of community and economic development resources. Perhaps most importantly, this study will also help policy makers understand the complexity of the federal-state-local partnership for rural community development

Z B Mayo, Jr. Obituary

Emeritus Professor of Entomology at University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Dr. Z B Mayo, Jr., passed away on 25 March 2018 in Lincoln, Nebraska. Employed at the University of Nebraska– Lincoln (UNL) from 1972 to 2010, he had a distinguished career as a researcher, teacher, mentor, and administrator. From 1972 to 1985, he conducted research on insects associated with corn production in Nebraska, with a major emphasis placed on the biology and control of corn rootworms. He and his students contributed significantly to our knowledge of corn rootworm biology and management. In 1983, he took a professional development leave and worked at the USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Lab at Stillwater, Oklahoma, conducting fundamental research on aphid biotypes. From 1985 on, he redirected his research program to study the development of bio-intensive pest management programs for field crops, particularly grain sorghum. His research topics included interactions of biological control with aphid-resistant cultivars and insecticide-resistant aphids, and genetic and environmental factors influencing the development of aphid biotypes and insecticide resistance. He authored 41 refereed journal articles, 3 book chapters, and numerous extension and popular articles. He was major advisor for seven Ph.D. and eight M.S. students, served on the supervisory committees of 32 Ph.D. and 40 M.S. students, and supervised three postdoctoral scientists

The 2005 Benson Residents Survey

The Center for Public Affairs Research and the Urban Studies Program at the University of Nebraska at Omaha organized a telephone survey of Benson-area residents. The survey identified various neighborhood perceptions and activity patterns of alliance residents. The interviews occurred between November 20 and December 4, 2005, with 387 interviews being completed

The Demographic Foundation of Education in the Great Plains

Presented at the School Conslidation in the Great Plains 2013 Symposium in Kearney, Nebraska

The State Correction Officer as Keeper and Counselor: An Empirical Investigation of the Role

This paper addresses two essential research needs in criminal justice literature: (1) the need for an assessment of the content of the role of block officer; and (2) the need for an empirical test of the presumed irreconcilable goals of custody and treatment as these are embedded in the role of state correction officer. A Task Inventory approach was adapted and a random sample of 100 correction officers in four heterogeneous state institutions were interviewed. Results of the study reveal that custodial staff spend at least sixty-percent of their on-job time performing duties not classified as security in nature. Results of the study challenge many of the existing stereotypes of correction officers in the literature. *Th