A European Advanced Technology Programme for ADS Accelerator Development

Consecutive to the work of the European Technical Working Group on ADS, the Preliminary Design Study of an Experimental ADS was launched in 2001 as a 5th Framework Program EC project. A special working package was dedicated to the accelerator design, and in particular taking into account that the issue of “beam trips” could be a potential “show-stopper” for ADS technology in general. A reference solution, based on a linear superconducting accelerator with its associated doubly achromatic beam line has been worked out up to some detail. For very high reliability, the proposed design is intrinsically fault tolerant, relying especially on highly modular “de-rated” components associated to a fast digital feedback system. A programme for the remaining R&D, focused on experimental reliability demonstration of prototypical components, has been elaborated. This R&D will be performed in the 6th Framework Program EC project EUROTRANS, which presently is just starting

Flat beams and application to the mass separation of radioactive beams

JaCoW web site http://accelconf.web.cern.ch/AccelConf/e06The notion of flat beam is now well established and has been proven theoretically and experimentally with applications for linear colliders. In this paper, we propose a new and simple demonstration of the "flat beam theorem", and a possible application in the frame of radioactive ion beams (RIB) production. It consists in using a magnetized multi-specie heavy ion beam extracted from a high frequency ECR source, decoupling the transverse phase planes in such a way to obtain a very small emittance in the horizontal one, and using a dipole to separate the isotopes. A design of such a transport and separation line will be proposed and commented

Beam Dynamics Studies for the Spiral-2 Project

JACoW web site http://accelconf.web.cern.ch/AccelConf/e06The SPIRAL-2 superconducting linac driver, which aims to deliver 5 mA, 20 A.MeV deuterons and 1 mA, 14.5 A.MeV q/A=1/3 heavy ions, is now entering the construction phase. It is composed of an injector composed of two ECR sources entering a 88 MHz RFQ, followed by a superconducting section based on independently phased quarter-wave cavities with warm focusing. This paper presents the status of the beam dynamics studies recently performed during this construction phase: consolidation and freezing of the linac design, update of the mass separation system or analysis of the proton capability

A reference accelerator scheme for ADS applications

Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS) for transmutation of nuclear waste typically require 350 MeV–1 GeV accelerators delivering proton fluxes of 5–10 mA for demonstrators, and 20–50 mA for large industrial systems. Thus, such machines belong to the category of the so-called HPPA (High-Power Proton Accelerators), with multi-megawatt beam power. HPPA are presently developed and constructed at great pace for their broad utility in fundamental or applied science. Compared to other HPPA, many features and requirements are similar for the ADS driver. However, there is a need for exceptional reliability: because of the induced thermal stress to the sub-critical core, the number of unwanted “beam-trips” should not exceed a few per year, a requirement that is several orders of magnitude above usual performance. Consecutive to the work of the European Technical Working Group (ETWG) on ADS, the Preliminary Design Study of an Experimental ADS (PDS-XADS) was launched in 2001 as a 5th Framework Program EC project.1 A special Working Package (WP3) was dedicated to the accelerator design, taking especially into account that the issue of “beam-trips” could be a potential “show-stopper” for ADS technology in general. A reference solution, based on a linear superconducting accelerator with its associated doubly achromatic beam line, has been worked out to some detail. For high reliability, the proposed design is intrinsically fault tolerant, relying on highly modular “de-rated” components associated to a fast digital feedback system. The proposed solution also appears to be robust concerning operational aspects like maintenance and radioprotection. A roadmap for construction as well as the required consolidated budget was elaborated. A program for the remaining R&D, focused on experimental reliability demonstration of prototypical components has been elaborated. This R&D will be performed in the 6th Framework Program EC project EUROTRANS,2 which presently is just starting

Study of a spoke cavity for low-beta applications

Abstract Since a few years, intensive studies have been developed on SC cavities (for instance, spoke-type or reentrant cavities) for their use as accelerating structures in the low energy part of high power proton or ions accelerators (typically from 5 to 100 MeV). Within the framework of the EURISOL (EURopean Isotope Separation On-Line) & XADS (eXperimental Accelerator Driven System) European accelerators projects, IPN Orsay decided to plan a R&D program on low-beta spoke-type cavities. In the major part of this paper, we report on the optimization of the geometry of a β=0.35, 2 gap spoke cavity, aiming at achieving good electromagnetic parameters (i.e. lowest E pk /E acc and B pk /E acc ). A mechanical study is also presented, as well as a preliminary design of a proton spoke Linac (12-85 MeV) composed of β=0.18 and β=0.35, 2 gap cavities

Design of the Prototypical Cryomodule for the EUROTRANS Superconducting Linac for Nuclear Waste Transmutation

International audienceOne task of the accelerator workpackage of the EUROTRANS program for the design of a nuclear waste transmutation system is dedicated to the engineering and realization of a prototype cryomodule of the high energy section of the linac, equipped with elliptical superconducting niobium cavities. We review here the present status of the design and the planned program that foresees the experimental characterization of the fully equipped cavity and RF system under its nominal operating conditions

Identification of surface proteins in Enterococcus faecalis V583

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Surface proteins are a key to a deeper understanding of the behaviour of Gram-positive bacteria interacting with the human gastro-intestinal tract. Such proteins contribute to cell wall synthesis and maintenance and are important for interactions between the bacterial cell and the human host. Since they are exposed and may play roles in pathogenicity, surface proteins are interesting targets for drug design.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Using methods based on proteolytic "shaving" of bacterial cells and subsequent mass spectrometry-based protein identification, we have identified surface-located proteins in <it>Enterococcus faecalis </it>V583. In total 69 unique proteins were identified, few of which have been identified and characterized previously. 33 of these proteins are predicted to be cytoplasmic, whereas the other 36 are predicted to have surface locations (31) or to be secreted (5). Lipid-anchored proteins were the most dominant among the identified surface proteins. The seemingly most abundant surface proteins included a membrane protein with a potentially shedded extracellular sulfatase domain that could act on the sulfate groups in mucin and a lipid-anchored fumarate reductase that could contribute to generation of reactive oxygen species.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The present proteome analysis gives an experimental impression of the protein landscape on the cell surface of the pathogenic bacterium <it>E. faecalis</it>. The 36 identified secreted (5) and surface (31) proteins included several proteins involved in cell wall synthesis, pheromone-regulated processes, and transport of solutes, as well as proteins with unknown function. These proteins stand out as interesting targets for further investigation of the interaction between <it>E. faecalis </it>and its environment.</p

HE-LHC: The High-Energy Large Hadron Collider – Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 4

In response to the 2013 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics (EPPSU), the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study was launched as a world-wide international collaboration hosted by CERN. The FCC study covered an energy-frontier hadron collider (FCC-hh), a highest-luminosity high-energy lepton collider (FCC-ee), the corresponding 100 km tunnel infrastructure, as well as the physics opportunities of these two colliders, and a high-energy LHC, based on FCC-hh technology. This document constitutes the third volume of the FCC Conceptual Design Report, devoted to the hadron collider FCC-hh. It summarizes the FCC-hh physics discovery opportunities, presents the FCC-hh accelerator design, performance reach, and staged operation plan, discusses the underlying technologies, the civil engineering and technical infrastructure, and also sketches a possible implementation. Combining ingredients from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the high-luminosity LHC upgrade and adding novel technologies and approaches, the FCC-hh design aims at significantly extending the energy frontier to 100 TeV. Its unprecedented centre-of-mass collision energy will make the FCC-hh a unique instrument to explore physics beyond the Standard Model, offering great direct sensitivity to new physics and discoveries