Investigating the Temperature Effects on ZnO, TiO2, WO3 and HfO2 Based Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) Devices

In this paper, we report the effect of filament radius and filament resistivity on the ZnO, TiO2, WO3 and HfO2 based Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) devices. We resort to the thermal reaction model of RRAM for the present analysis. The results substantiate decrease in saturated temperature with increase in the radius and resistivity of filament for the investigated RRAM devices. Moreover, a sudden change in the saturated temperature at a lower value of filament radius and resistivity is observed as against the steady change at the medium and higher value of the filament radius and resistivity. Results confirm the dependence of saturated temperature on the filament size and resistivity in RRAM

Investigating the Temperature Effects on ZnO, TiO2, WO3 and HfO2 Based Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) Devices

In this paper, we report the effect of filament radius and filament resistivity on the ZnO, TiO2, WO3 and HfO2 based Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) devices. We resort to the thermal reaction model of RRAM for the present analysis. The results substantiate decrease in saturated temperature with increase in the radius and resistivity of filament for the investigated RRAM devices. Moreover, a sudden change in the saturated temperature at a lower value of filament radius and resistivity is observed as against the steady change at the medium and higher value of the filament radius and resistivity. Results confirm the dependence of saturated temperature on the filament size and resistivity in RRAM

Thermodynamic analysis of EMISE-Water as a working pair for absorption refrigeration system

In this paper, thermodynamic analysis of novel ionic liquid 1 Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulphate (EMISE) as absorbent and water as green refrigerant for absorption refrigeration system (ARS) is performed. Thermodynamics excess properties like excess Gibbs free energy (GE), excess enthalpy (hE) and equilibrium Duhring's plot (P-T-x1) of EMISE-H2O binary mixture are assessed using non-random two liquid (NRTL) activity coefficient model for composition x1 of 0.45-1. The performance of single effect ARS with SHE are mathematically modeled and simulated by applying first and second laws (exergy analysis) of thermodynamics. Simulated results of ARS are compared with other widely used working fluids and revealed higher COP of 0.66 for EMISE-H2O in comparison to NH3-H2O but lower than LiBr-H2O. In addition, the deviation in the COP and ECOP with the generator temperatures are compared for the evaporation temperature of 5, 10, 15 C. Result showed noticeable difference between the optimum generator temperature based on COP and ECOP. This indicates the exergy analysis is used for evaluation of ARS and selection of heat source supply temperature obtained from waste heat and renewable solar energy.Scopu

DTPA- Extractable Micronutrient Status of Surface and Profile Soils from Mango Orchards in Kudal Tehsil of Sindhudurg District (MS)

Mango is an important fruit crop of economic importance in our country. However, the productivity of this cropis below world average. Alphonso mango grown in Konkan region has its special identity in the world because of its attractive colour, typical flavor, excellent taste and pleasant aroma.Nutritional constraints in soil could be one of the limiting factors for achieving the potential yield in this crop.Very little information is available regarding the status of available micronutrients in soils of mango orchards. Some recent studies have reported that zinc deficiency is the major concern among the various micronutrients in Kudal tehsil. The present investigation is therefore, undertaken to assess the DTPA extractable micronutrients (viz., Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu) status of surface and profile soils from mango orchards inKudal tehsil of Sindhudurg district (M.S.).Twenty surface soil samples with 0 to 15 cm depth and eight profile soil samples (comprising two profile pits) with different depths of 0 to 15 cm, 15 to 30 cm, 30 to 45 cm and 45 to 60 cm were collected and analyzed for DTPA extractable micronutrients (viz., Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu). The status of available iron and manganese in surface soils are varied from 40.36 to 48.41 mg kg-1 with an average value of 44.86 mg kg-1 and 48.26 to 54.10 mg kg-1 with an average value of 50.79 mg kg-1, respectively.The content of available zinc in surface soils was ranged between 0.99 to 3.34 mg kg-1 with an average value of 1.68 mg kg-1. Whereas, available copper content in surface soils were in the range of 2.37 to 3.95 mg kg-1 with an average value of 3.24 mg kg-1.The mean values of available Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in profile soils of the Kudal tehsil are 38.59, 44.76, 1.17 and 2.61 mg kg-1, respectively. It is also observed that these micronutrients were showing declining distribution pattern with the depth of profile

Experimental Investigation of Isothermal Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium and Estimation of Excess Thermodynamic Properties (hE) of CHO2K-H2O from 278.15 to 423.15 K

In this paper, vapor liquid equilibrium (VLE) of a binary mixture, potassium formate-water (CHO2K-H2O), was measured experimentally using a dynamic moving type VLE setup in the temperature range of 313.15 to 393.15 K. Overall, large vapor pressure data points generated for the mole fraction of CHO2K from 0.023 to 0.461 and the solution temperature up to 423.15 K were used to correlate the local composition-based activity coefficient model (NRTL model). The data obtained via the thermodynamic model fitting shows good agreement with the experimental VLE data with overall average relative deviation of 2.15% and root-mean-square deviation of 0.25%. The obtained results further indicate that the binary mixture exhibits a negative deviation from the Raoult's law, which is an important characteristic of the working fluid used for a heat-activated vapor absorption system (VAS). Therefore, the CHO2K-H2O mixture can be considered as an alternative working pair that will overcome the limitations allied to the crystallization and corrosion of the commercial working fluids mainly lithium bromide-water (LiBr-H2O). The fitted nonrandom two-liquid model was further utilized to determine the excess thermodynamic properties, solution enthalpy, solution entropy, and equilibrium P-T-x (Duhring) plot.G.D.T. gratefully acknowledge the British Petroleum (BP) International, UK, for providing fellowship during his Ph.D. research work.Scopu

PLC Based Automatic Sprinkler Irrigation System

Watering crops, lawns, and gardens with an autonomous sprinkler irrigation system based on programmable logic controllers (PLCs) is very effective and dependable. The PLC-based system is simple to set up and manage, and it can be modified to match the unique requirements of various crops and soil types. By minimising excessive irrigation and minimising runoff, it also aids in water conservation.In general, a PLC-based self-governing sprinkler watering system is a financially sensible and environmentally responsible way to keep landscapes healthy and bright

A review of approved COVID-19 vaccines

In the past one and half year elapsed since the identification of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its genome, an extraordinary effort by the scientific community has led to the development of many vaccine projects. More than ten vaccine candidates throughout the world have been granted approval for emergency use. Existing data suggest that these vaccines have the potential to protect individuals and curb the spread of COVID-19 pandemic. However, long term side-effects and certain unresolved issues associated with vaccine use need to be assessed as the time passes. This study reviews the most recent data of 12 vaccines which have been approved for use and presents information on their doses, composition, mechanism of action, side effects, etc

Superhydrophobic PVC/SiO2 Coating for Self-Cleaning Application

A lotus leaf like self-cleaning superhydrophobic coating has high demand in industrial applications. Such coatings are prepared by alternative dip and spray deposition techniques. A layer of polyvinyl chloride is applied on glass substrate by dip coating and then spray coated a suspension of hydrophobic silica nanoparticles at substrate temperature of 50 °C. This coating procedure is repeated for three times to achieve rough surface morphology which exhibits a water contact angle of 169 ± 2° and sliding angle of 6°. The superhydrophobic state of the coating is still preserved when water volume of 1.2 L is used to impact the water drops on coating surface. The stability of the wetting state of the coating is analyzed against the water jet, adhesive tape and sandpaper abrasion tests. The prepared superhydrophobic coating strongly repelled the muddy water suggesting its importance in self-cleaning applications.This work was financially supported by DST?INSPIRE Faculty Scheme, Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India. [DST/INSPIRE/04/2015/000281]. SSL acknowledges financial assistance from the Henan University, Kaifeng, P. R. China. The authors greatly appreciate the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21950410531).Scopu

Combustion synthesis of bifunctional LaMO3 (M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) perovskites for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline media

Lanthanum based electrocatalytically active LaMO3 (M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) perovskites were synthesized using a single step solution combustion technique. The structural and morphological properties of the catalysts were studied using XRD, SEM, and TEM. The synthesis conditions are found to have a siginificant effect on the nature of the nanoparticles and it can be tuned to synthesize amorphous or crystalline materials. The perovskites showed exceptional performance for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline medium. LaMnO3 is found to be most active for ORR, whereas LaCoO3 for OER. The onset potential of LaMnO3 is ? 0.12 V, and for other La-transition metals is nearly ? 0.2 V. The Koutechy-Levich plot obtained from rotating disk electrode shows a higher number of electron transfer for LaMnO3 catalyst and the least for LaCrO3, whereas the stability results indicate the LaCoO3 to be more stable as compared to LaMnO3. Based on the experimental results and literature survey, it is suggested that the improved activity of Mn and Co based lanthanum perovskite catalyst could be due to the optimum stabilization of reaction intermediates involved in the rate-determining step (RDS) of ORR/OER. 2017 Elsevier B.V.This publication was made possible by NPRP grant ( NPRP8-145-2-066 ) from the Qatar national research fund (a member of Qatar foundation). The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the author(s). The authors also wish to gratefully acknowledge the Gas Processing Centre (GPC) at Qatar University for carrying out XRD analysis, and the Central Laboratory Unit (CLU) for services related to electron microscopy. The authors would like to thank Dr. Said Mansour, Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), imaging division director for his help with the TEM and EDS facility. Appendix AScopu