Laser Induced Damage Studies on Al2O3, SiO2, and MgF2 Thin Films for Anti-Reflection Coating Application in High Power Laser Diode

The laser diode facet damage is one of the impeding factors of the high-power laser diode operation. To overcome this restriction laser diode facet coating can be utilized. During the high power operation of the laser diode, it is observed that the single layer anti reflection (AR) coating at the front facet shows optical damage while the multilayer high reflective coating at the back facet remains undamaged. To determine the “damage threshold” of the materials used for AR coating, an e-beam evaporated Al2O3, MgF2, and SiO2 single layer thin films on GaAs substrate have been optimized for the wavelength ~ 1060 nm. The diode pumped Q-switched Neodymium Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser (1064 nm) was used to da-mage the samples. The damage on the sample was observed under the microscope. The effective damage radius on the samples was 150 m and average continuous wave laser induced damage threshold was found 10 W. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3101

The optimization of optical thin films deposition using in-situ reflectivity measurements and simulation

We have optimized and automated the experimental in-situ reflectivity measurement system for the laser diode (LD) facet coating. We have also developed a reflectivitysimulator program that gives the reflectivity data as a function of the thickness of the film (single or multi-layer) for a given wavelength, which aids in optimizing the above parameters while monitoring the coating of the films in-situ. We report the results for the in-situ reflectivity of a single layer MgF2 and a quarter-wave optical thick three bi-layer pairs of MgF2 and silicon on GaAs as a substrate for both the cases. We have achieved up to 83 % experimental reflectivity for the latter case. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2207

Fusion cross sections for superheavy nuclei in the dinuclear system concept

Using the dinuclear system concept we present calculations of production cross sections for the heaviest nuclei. The obtained results are in a good agreement with the experimental data. The experimentally observed rapid fall-off of the cross sections of the cold fusion with increasing charge number $Z$ of the compound nucleus is explained. Optimal experimental conditions for the synthesis of the superheavy nuclei are suggested.Comment: 16 pages, LaTeX, including 3 postscript figure

Treatment of competition between complete fusion and quasifission in collisions of heavy nuclei

A model of competition between complete fusion and quasifission channels in fusion of two massive nuclei is extended to include the influence of dissipative effects on the dynamics of nuclear fusion. By using the multidimensional Kramers-type stationary solution of the Fokker-Planck equation, the fusion rate through the inner fusion barrier in mass asymmetry is studied. Fusion probabilities in symmetric 90Zr+90Zr, 100Mo+100Mo, 110Pd+110Pd, 136Xe+136Xe, almost symmetric 86Kr+136Xe and 110Pd+136Xe reactions are calculated. An estimation of the fusion probabilities is given for asymmetrical 62Ni+208Pb, 70Zn+208Pb, 82Se+208Pb, and 48Ca+244Pu reactions used for the synthesis of new superheavy elements.Comment: 29 pages, LaTeX, including 7 postscript figures, to appear in Nucl. Phys.

Effect of alirocumab on major adverse cardiovascular events according to renal function in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome: Prespecified analysis from the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES randomized clinical trial

Aims Statins reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and normal-to-moderately impaired renal function. It is not known whether proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors provide similar benefit across a range of renal function. We determined whether effects of the PCSK9 inhibitor alirocumab to reduce cardiovascular events and death after ACS are influenced by renal function. ................................................................................................................................................................................................... Methods ODYSSEY OUTCOMES compared alirocumab with placebo in patients with recent ACS and dyslipidaemia despite and results intensive statin treatment. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <30 mL/min/1.73 m was exclusionary. In 18 918 patients, baseline eGFR was 82.8 ± 17.6 mL/min/1.73 m , and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was 92 ± 31 mg/dL. At 36 months, alirocumab decreased LDL-C by 48.5% vs. placebo but did not affect eGFR (P = 0.65). Overall, alirocumab reduced risk of the primary outcome (coronary heart disease death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, or unstable angina requiring hospitalization) with fewer deaths. There was no interaction between continuous eGFR and treatment on the primary outcome or death (P = 0.14 and 0.59, respectively). Alirocumab reduced primary outcomes in patients with eGFR >_90 mL/min/1.73 m (n = 7470; hazard ratio 0.784, 95% confidence interval 0.670–0.919; P = 0.003) and 60 to <90 (n = 9326; 0.833, 0.731–0.949; P = 0.006), but not in those with eGFR < 60 (n = 2122; 0.974, 0.805–1.178; P = 0.784). Adverse events other than local injection-site reactions were similar in both groups across all categories of eGFR. ................................................................................................................................................................................................... Conclusions In patients with recent ACS, alirocumab was associated with fewer cardiovascular events and deaths across the range of renal function studied, with larger relative risk reductions in those with eGFR > 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 2 2 2The trial was funded by Sanofi and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc

Thickness-dependent Electrochromic Properties of Amorphous Tungsten Trioxide Thin Films

Tungsten Trioxide (WO3) thin films were grown by thermal evaporation method to study the effect of film’s thickness on its electrochromic (EC) properties. The WO3 thin films of different thicknesses were grown on Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) coated glass and soda lime (bare) glass substrate held at room temperature. The surface composition of the thin films was investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement, which showed the oxygen to tungsten atomic composition ratio to be nearly 2.97. The EC properties of the thin films were examined using electrochemical techniques. Cyclic-voltammetery shows the diffusion coefficient (D) of the intercalated H+ ion in the WO3 thin film increases with the film’s thickness. It turns out that the ‘thicker’ film exhibits better coloration efficiency (CE) as compared to the ‘thinner’ film. The coloration time was found to be independent of film thickness; however, the bleaching time increases as the film thickness increases

Thickness-dependent electrochromic properties of amorphous tungsten trioxide thin films

Tungsten Trioxide (WO3) thin films were grown by thermal evaporation method to study the effect of film’s thickness on its electrochromic (EC) properties. The WO3thin films of different thicknesses were grown on Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) coated glass and soda lime (bare) glass substrate held at room temperature. The surface composition of the thin films was investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement, which showed the oxygen to tungsten atomic composition ratio to be nearly 2.97. The EC properties of the thin films were examined using electrochemical techniques. Cyclic-voltammetery shows the diffusion coefficient (D) of the intercalated H+ ion in the WO3 thin film increases with the film’s thickness. It turns out that the ‘thicker’ film exhibits better coloration efficiency (CE) as compared to the ‘thinner’ film. The coloration time was found to be independent of film thickness; however, the bleaching time increases as the film thickness increases

Thickness-dependent electrochromic properties of amorphous tungsten trioxide thin films

Tungsten Trioxide (WO3) thin films were grown by thermal evaporation method to study the effect of film’s thickness on its electrochromic (EC) properties. The WO3thin films of different thicknesses were grown on Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) coated glass and soda lime (bare) glass substrate held at room temperature. The surface composition of the thin films was investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement, which showed the oxygen to tungsten atomic composition ratio to be nearly 2.97. The EC properties of the thin films were examined using electrochemical techniques. Cyclic-voltammetery shows the diffusion coefficient (D) of the intercalated H+ ion in the WO3 thin film increases with the film’s thickness. It turns out that the ‘thicker’ film exhibits better coloration efficiency (CE) as compared to the ‘thinner’ film. The coloration time was found to be independent of film thickness; however, the bleaching time increases as the film thickness increases

Peripheral artery disease and venous thromboembolic events after acute coronary syndrome role of lipoprotein(a) and modification aby alirocumab: prespecified analysis of the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES randomized clinical trial

Background:Patients with acute coronary syndrome are at risk for peripheral artery disease (PAD) events and venous thromboembolism (VTE). PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) inhibitors reduce lipoprotein(a) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Our objective was to ascertain whether PCSK9 inhibition reduces the risk of PAD events or VTE after acute coronary syndrome, and if such effects are related to levels of lipoprotein(a) or LDL-C.Methods:This was a prespecified analysis of the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES randomized clinical trial (Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcomes After an Acute Coronary Syndrome), which was conducted in 18 924 patients with recent acute coronary syndrome on intensive or maximum-tolerated statin treatment who were randomized to the PCSK9 inhibitor alirocumab or placebo. In a prespecified analysis, PAD events (critical limb ischemia, limb revascularization, or amputation for ischemia) and VTE (deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism) were assessed. LDL-C was corrected (LDL-C-corrected) for cholesterol content in lipoprotein(a).Results:At baseline, median lipoprotein(a) and LDL-C-corrected were 21 and 75 mg/dL, respectively; with alirocumab, median relative reductions were 23.5% and 70.6%, respectively. PAD events and VTE occurred in 246 and 92 patients, respectively. In the placebo group, risk of PAD events was related to baseline quartile of lipoprotein(a) (P-trend=0.0021), and tended to associate with baseline quartile of LDL-C-corrected (P-trend=0.06); VTE tended to associate with baseline quartile of lipoprotein(a) (P-trend=0.06), but not LDL-C-corrected (P-trend=0.85). Alirocumab reduced risk of PAD events (hazard ratio [HR], 0.69 [95% CI, 0.54-0.89]; P=0.004), with nonsignificantly fewer VTE events (HR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.44-1.01]; P=0.06). Reduction in PAD events with alirocumab was associated with baseline quartile of lipoprotein(a) (P-trend=0.03), but not LDL-C-corrected (P-trend=0.50). With alirocumab, the change from baseline to Month 4 in lipoprotein(a), but not LDL-C-corrected, was associated with the risk of VTE and the composite of VTE and PAD events.Conclusions:In statin-treated patients with recent acute coronary syndrome, risk of PAD events is related to lipoprotein(a) level and is reduced by alirocumab, particularly among those with high lipoprotein(a). Further study is required to confirm whether risk of VTE is related to lipoprotein(a) level and its reduction with alirocumab.Registration:URL: ; Unique identifier: NCT01663402.Cardiolog

Risk Categorization Using New American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines for Cholesterol Management and Its Relation to Alirocumab Treatment Following Acute Coronary Syndromes

BACKGROUND: The 2018 US cholesterol management guidelines recommend additional lipid-lowering therapies for secondary prevention in patients with lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol ≥70 mg/dL or non−high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥100 mg/dL despite maximum tolerated statin therapy. Such patients are considered at very high risk (VHR) based on a history of >1 major atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) event or a single ASCVD event and multiple high-risk conditions. We investigated the association of US guideline-defined risk categories with the occurrence of ischemic events after acute coronary syndrome and reduction of those events by alirocumab, a PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) inhibitor. METHODS: In the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial (Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcomes After an Acute Coronary Syndrome During Treatment With Alirocumab), patients with recent acute coronary syndrome and residual dyslipidemia despite optimal statin therapy were randomly assigned to alirocumab or placebo. The primary trial outcome (major adverse cardiovascular events, ie, coronary heart disease death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, is