Effects of cage systems and feeding time on the morphological structure of female genital organs in pharaoh quails (Coturnix coturnix pharaoh)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different cage systems and feeding time on female genital organs in 40 pharaoh quails (Coturnix coturnix pharaoh). The birds were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups (2 levels of feeding time × 2-cage system) consisting of 10 quails per treatment. Quails were trained on feeding time (0900 to 1700, or continuous - full day), cage (multiple-bird cage or colony cage) conditions. Body mass, ovary and oviduct mass and their ratio to body mass and oviduct length was measured. Number of follicles was calculated and classified as small, medium and large, based on their diameter. The cage system did not significantly affect reproductive organs, but this was not the case for oviduct length (P<0.01). Feeding time also did not significantly affect follicle numbers, except medium follicle numbers (P<0.05). The medium number of follicles in the full day feeding was more than that of the 0900 to 1700 feeding. Total numbers of follicles in multiple-bird cage were higher than those of colony cage birds

Histopathological, immunohistochemical, and parasitological studies on pathogenesis of Coenurus cerebralis in sheep

This study consisted in histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations of the central nervous system of 15 sheep suspected of infection with Coenurus cerebralis. The sheep displayed compulsive circling and were submitted for necropsy in 2012–2016

Macroanatomic, light and scanning electron microscopic structure of the pecten oculi in northern bald ibis (Geronticus eremita)

Eyes are the most primarily required sensory organs during the migration of migratory birds and Northern Bald Ibises (Geronticus eremita) are known to make long migrations. This study examined for the first time the structure of pecten oculi in northern bald ibises by using macroscopic anatomy as well as light and electron microscopic methods. In the study 20 eye globes from 10 adult bald ibises were used. The pecten was of pleated type. As in most bird species, it was located on the optic nerve head and projects into the vitreous from the optic nerve head. The wider basal part was observed to attached to retina and its free apical part was found in camera vitrea bulbi embedded in corpus vitreum. The pecten had 13-14 accordion like pleats lying between the basal and apical parts. In addition to arterial and venous vessels, numerous capillary vessels as well as melanocytes were observed within each pleat. The bridge binding the pleats at the apical part showed a stronger pigmentation compared to other parts of the pecten. The results of the study indicated that the general morphology of pecten oculi in northern bald ibises which is a migratory bird species were similar to that in other diurnal bird species

Light and Scanning Electron Microscopic Structure of the Pecten Oculi in the Common Barn Owl (Tyto alba)

This study was carried out to investigate the structural properties of pecten oculi in the common barn owl (Tyto alba) by light and electron microscope. Fourteen eyeballs from seven owls were studied. The pecten oculi was located postero-anteriorly in the retina layer where the optic nerve enters the eye. The pecten oculi that was dark brown and pleated type consisted of 7 (n=4) or 8 (n=10) vascularised pectineal pleats. Histologically, there were numerous vessels of different size and melanocytes in the area of the pleats. Melanocytes were more frequently observed in the periphery of the pecten oculi's pleats. Scanning electron microscopy showed hyalocytes on the surface of the pecten oculi. The results of the study indicated that the pecten oculi of the common barn owl was morphologically similar to that of other nocturnal birds

The macroanatomy of the brachial plexus and its nerves in the common buzzard (Buteo buteo)

WOS: 000416837000009The purpose of this study was to elucidate the anatomical structure of the brachial plexus in the common buzzard (Buteo buteo). Five common buzzards (two females and three males) provided by the Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation Centre of Kafkas University were used. The nerves of the brachial plexus and the accessory brachial plexus were dissected and photographed. Two plexuses were found the brachial plexus and the accessory brachial plexus. It was also found that the v. jugularis, the a. carotis communis and the n. vagus were located medially of the brachial plexus, while the v. subclavia and the a. subclavia were located in the caudal part of the plexus. In addition, it was observed that the accessory brachial plexus was located in the cranial region, and that it originated from a merger of the ventral branches of cervical spinal nerve 10 and 11 (C10 and C11). The mean diameters of C10 and C11 were measured as 0.49 +/- 0.07 and 0.69 +/- 0.10 mm, respectively. It was found that the brachial plexus originated from a merger of the ventral branches of the last three cervical spinal nerves (C11, C12, and C13) with the ventral branches of the first two thoracic (T1 and T2) spinal nerves. There was no gender difference in terms of the formation of the brachial plexus and the accessory brachial plexus. The diameters of these branches, which joined at the point of origin of the brachial plexus, were measured as 0.69 +/- 0.10 (C11), 1.27 +/- 0.04 (C12), 2.13 +/- 0.11 (C13), 1.81 +/- 0.14 (T1) and 0.98 +/- 0.14 mm (T2). Thus, the formation of the brachial plexus in the common buzzard, the spinal nerves that formed the plexus, and the innervation areas of these nerves were observed and presented