Tracking the Near Eastern origins and European dispersal of the western house mouse

Abstract: The house mouse (Mus musculus) represents the extreme of globalization of invasive mammals. However, the timing and basis of its origin and early phases of dispersal remain poorly documented. To track its synanthropisation and subsequent invasive spread during the develoment of complex human societies, we analyzed 829 Mus specimens from 43 archaeological contexts in Southwestern Asia and Southeastern Europe, between 40,000 and 3,000 cal. BP, combining geometric morphometrics numerical taxonomy, ancient mitochondrial DNA and direct radiocarbon dating. We found that large late hunter-gatherer sedentary settlements in the Levant, c. 14,500 cal. BP, promoted the commensal behaviour of the house mouse, which probably led the commensal pathway to cat domestication. House mouse invasive spread was then fostered through the emergence of agriculture throughout the Near East 12,000 years ago. Stowaway transport of house mice to Cyprus can be inferred as early as 10,800 years ago. However, the house mouse invasion of Europe did not happen until the development of proto urbanism and exchange networks — 6,500 years ago in Eastern Europe and 4000 years ago in Southern Europe — which in turn may have driven the first human mediated dispersal of cats in Europe

A Compilation of Global Bio-Optical In Situ Data for Ocean-Colour Satellite Applications

A compiled set of in situ data is important to evaluate the quality of ocean-colour satellite-data records. Here we describe the data compiled for the validation of the ocean-colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI). The data were acquired from several sources (MOBY, BOUSSOLE, AERONET-OC, SeaBASS, NOMAD, MERMAID, AMT, ICES, HOT, GeP&CO), span between 1997 and 2012, and have a global distribution. Observations of the following variables were compiled: spectral remote-sensing reflectances, concentrations of chlorophyll a, spectral inherent optical properties and spectral diffuse attenuation coefficients. The data were from multi-project archives acquired via the open internet services or from individual projects, acquired directly from data providers. Methodologies were implemented for homogenisation, quality control and merging of all data. No changes were made to the original data, other than averaging of observations that were close in time and space, elimination of some points after quality control and conversion to a standard format. The final result is a merged table designed for validation of satellite-derived ocean-colour products and available in text format. Metadata of each in situ measurement (original source, cruise or experiment, principal investigator) were preserved throughout the work and made available in the final table. Using all the data in a validation exercise increases the number of matchups and enhances the representativeness of different marine regimes. By making available the metadata, it is also possible to analyse each set of data separately. The compiled data are available at doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.854832 (Valente et al., 2015)

Energy Resolution Performance of the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter

The energy resolution performance of the CMS lead tungstate crystal electromagnetic calorimeter is presented. Measurements were made with an electron beam using a fully equipped supermodule of the calorimeter barrel. Results are given both for electrons incident on the centre of crystals and for electrons distributed uniformly over the calorimeter surface. The electron energy is reconstructed in matrices of 3 times 3 or 5 times 5 crystals centred on the crystal containing the maximum energy. Corrections for variations in the shower containment are applied in the case of uniform incidence. The resolution measured is consistent with the design goals

A compilation of global bio-optical in situ data for ocean-colour satellite applications - version three

A global in situ data set for validation of ocean colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI) is presented. This version of the compilation, starting in 1997, now extends to 2021, which is important for the validation of the most recent satellite optical sensors such as Sentinel 3B OLCI and NOAA-20 VIIRS. The data set comprises in situ observations of the following variables: spectral remote-sensing reflectance, concentration of chlorophyll-a, spectral inherent optical properties, spectral diffuse attenuation coefficient, and total suspended matter. Data were obtained from multi-project archives acquired via open internet services or from individual projects acquired directly from data providers. Methodologies were implemented for homogenization, quality control, and merging of all data. Minimal changes were made on the original data, other than conversion to a standard format, elimination of some points, after quality control and averaging of observations that were close in time and space. The result is a merged table available in text format. Overall, the size of the data set grew with 148 432 rows, with each row representing a unique station in space and time (cf. 136 250 rows in previous version; Valente et al., 2019). Observations of remote-sensing reflectance increased to 68 641 (cf. 59 781 in previous version; Valente et al., 2019). There was also a near tenfold increase in chlorophyll data since 2016. Metadata of each in situ measurement (original source, cruise or experiment, principal investigator) are included in the final table. By making the metadata available, provenance is better documented and it is also possible to analyse each set of data separately. The compiled data are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.941318 (Valente et al., 2022)

A compilation of global bio-optical in situ data for ocean colour satellite applications – version three

A global in situ data set for validation of ocean colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI) is presented. This version of the compilation, starting in 1997, now extends to 2021, which is important for the validation of the most recent satellite optical sensors such as Sentinel 3B OLCI and NOAA-20 VIIRS. The data set comprises in situ observations of the following variables: spectral remote-sensing reflectance, concentration of chlorophyll-a, spectral inherent optical properties, spectral diffuse attenuation coefficient, and total suspended matter. Data were obtained from multi-project archives acquired via open internet services or from individual projects acquired directly from data providers. Methodologies were implemented for homogenization, quality control, and merging of all data. Minimal changes were made on the original data, other than conversion to a standard format, elimination of some points, after quality control and averaging of observations that were close in time and space. The result is a merged table available in text format. Overall, the size of the data set grew with 148 432 rows, with each row representing a unique station in space and time (cf. 136 250 rows in previous version; Valente et al., 2019). Observations of remote-sensing reflectance increased to 68 641 (cf. 59 781 in previous version; Valente et al., 2019). There was also a near tenfold increase in chlorophyll data since 2016. Metadata of each in situ measurement (original source, cruise or experiment, principal investigator) are included in the final table. By making the metadata available, provenance is better documented and it is also possible to analyse each set of data separately. The compiled data are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.941318 (Valente et al., 2022)

J’ai voulu qu’apprendre soit une joie, Georges Snyders, 2008

Berthon Jean-françois. J’ai voulu qu’apprendre soit une joie, Georges Snyders, 2008. In: Spirale. Revue de recherches en éducation, n°45, 2010. Pédagogies alternatives. Quelles définitions, quels enjeux, quelles réalités ? sous la direction de Rémi Casanova et Cécile Carra. pp. 189-194

La didactique, la raison graphique et l'ordinateur. Effets révélateurs et potentialités transformatrices des outils informatiques dans la didactique du français

The impact of tools on school teaching has not been much studied in didactic studies, notably in didactic of literary studies. The reason why is that common tools (books, blackboards, copybooks, classrooms, oral teaching, semm perfectly "natural". The arrival of computers is an occasion to realize that, according to Mac Luhan, "the medium is the message" and that, as says Jack Goody, "each change in a system of communication has necessarily important effects on what is taught. Starting from a critical study of pedagogical productions in the field of IT into secondary teaching of French, this paper poses the problem of these effects : revealing ? transformative ? effects on the curricula, on the teaching methods ? This reflexion is also an occasion to raise the issue of the theoretical separation between didactics and pedagogy.La réflexion sur l'incidence des outils sur les contenus enseignés tient généralement peu de place dans la didactique, et particulièrement la didactique du français. Cela tient au fait que les outils traditionnellement mis en œuvre : le livre, le tableau noir, le cahier, la classe et la forme orale de la parole du professeur semblent parfaitement « naturels ». L'irruption d'un objet nouveau tel que l'ordinateur est l'occasion de prendre conscience que, là aussi, selon le mot de Mac Luhan : « le médium est le message », et que peut-être, comme le montre l'ethnologue Jack Goody « tout changement dans le système de communication a nécessairement d'importants effets sur les contenus transmis ». À partir d'une étude critique de productions pédagogiques dans le domaine de l'informatique appliquée à l'enseignement au français dans l'enseignement secondaire on se pose la question de ces effets : effets révélateurs ? effets transformateurs ? effets portant sur les seuls contenus enseignés ou aussi sur les méthodes pédagogiques ? Cette réflexion est peut-être aussi l'occasion d'interroger le clivage théorique habituellement admis entre didactique et pédagogie.Berthon Jean-François. La didactique, la raison graphique et l'ordinateur. Effets révélateurs et potentialités transformatrices des outils informatiques dans la didactique du français. In: Recherche & Formation, N°26, 1997. Les nouvelles technologies : permanence ou changement ? pp. 47-63

Les stratégies d’apprentissage. Comment accompagner les élèves dans l’apprentissage des savoirs, Michel Perraudeau, 2006

Berthon Jean-françois. Les stratégies d’apprentissage. Comment accompagner les élèves dans l’apprentissage des savoirs, Michel Perraudeau, 2006. In: Spirale. Revue de recherches en éducation, n°40, 2007. Images pour apprendre, sous la direction de Annette Béguin-Verbrugge. pp. 165-167