The RAP Net: A Geodetic Positioning Network for Andalusia (South Spain)

The Council of Public Works and Housing of the Government of Andalusia by means of the Andalusian Cartographic Institute has set a positioning geodetic network named Andalusian Positioning Network (RAP). The Laboratory of Astronomy, Geodesy and Cartography (LAGC) of the University of Cadiz is responsible for the design, development, quality checking, geodetic control and technical support of this network. The RAP network main goal is providing GPS data in RINEX format for post-processing operations, and broadcasting differential corrections (RTK or DGPS) from the stations for real-time operations. The RAP network is formed by 22 permanent stations distributed homogeneously as to solve the position problem along Andalusia, including the coast line. The network is referred to ETRF89 reference frame and it has become the geodetic reference frame to scientific and technologic applications, such as the geodynamic control of Andalusia; precise geoid determination; obtaining tropospheric and ionospheric models to regional climatological studies; setting photogrammetric points or marks for georeferencing of satellite images; establishing control points for reference networks in big civil works, for GIS applications, and for terrestrial, maritime and aerial navigation etc. In this paper we present the proceedings to design and set up of the network, to the organization and quality checking of data and the stations. Finally we explain the methodology established to calculate and adjust the RAP network.IECA (instituto de Estadística y Cartografía de Andalucía) Junta de Andalucía- Autor/es: Berrocoso M., Paez R., Jigena B. and Caturla C. - Título: The RAP Net: A Geodetic Positioning Network for Andalusia (South Spain) - Nombre de la revista: EUREF Publication No. 16 - Volumen: Publication No. 16 - Página inicial y final d

El potencial gravitatorio

En este texto se realiza una revisión y un estudio clásico del potencial gravitatorio basado, casi exclusivamente, en el estudio de las propiedades de su expresión integral.133 págs

Notas y apuntes de trigonometría esférica y astronomía de posición

Este texto está dirigido a alumnos de un primer ciclo de la Licenciaturas de Matemáticas, aunque con las debidas consideraciones también puede utilizarse como texto complementario para aquellos cursos relacionados con la Trigonometría Esférica o la Astronomía de Posición que puedan impartirse en otras disciplinas, por ejemplo, las licenciaturas de Física, de Náutica, de Ciencias del Mar, o la Ingeniería Superior en Cartografía y Geodesia. La orientación académica de estas notas y apuntes pretenden ser un complemento importante tanto para el alumno como para el profesor que facilite tareas cotidianas que tienen lugar en el hecho docente. La disponibilidad de este manual supondrá tener un soporte físico adecuado que permita evitar en lo posible la tarea de tomar apuntes , a todas luces contraproducente no sólo por lo tediosa que por lo general resulta sino además por la disminución de la atención que provoca en los alumnos, sobre todo en alumnos de primer ciclo. Como es obvio, en ningún caso se pretende sustituir a otros textos excelentes que existen sobre las temáticas tratadas. En el texto se han diferenciado dos partes; por un lado la Trigonometr ía Esférica y por otro la Astronomía de Posición. Si bien es cierto que en un principio nuestra intención era incluir sucintamente los contenidos trigonométricos y que sirvieran de apoyo exclusivamente a la Astronomía, se decidió, a la vista del escaso o nulo conocimiento que los alumnos tenían de esta parte de la Geometría, incluir dichos contenidos como una parte claramente diferencia y por tanto más extensa que lo inicialmente previsto. En esta parte se muestran aplicaciones de la Trigonometría Esférica a la Navegación y a problemas geométricos, dejando para la segunda parte una aplicación más especí ca a problemas astronómicos

Detection and study of a high magnitude seismic event from GPS data: Case study of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake

The advent of GPS provided a new way of measuring surface displacements due to earthquakes by deploying GPS networks within active seismic areas. Japan is located in the confluence of several tectonic plates, hence its seismicity. In order to surveille this activity, one of wider GPS network in the world was deployed, i.e., GEONET. By processing data from 93 GEONET reference stations, we analyze the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake using PPP strategy. We stu- died the time series during the event setting up a threshold value at we consider the time series are being altered by the earthquake. We also identified the time after the occurrence when the maximum displacements happen. With the study of these two parameters, we aim to show their different behavior as the main shock propagates along the Japan islands, with a focus on a better understanding of the earthquake and its propagation. To achieving this, a least square adjustment method was used to relate epicentral distance to topocentric displacements and the time of detection to epicentral distance. The results show an exponential behavior of the distance-displacement regression versus a linear behavior of the distance-time regression. Besides, we use the former linear regression to calculate and approximation of the velocity of the shock wave

The time lag between deformation process and seismic activity in El Hierro Island during the eruptive process (2011-2014): a functional phased approach

On 10 October 2011, a submarine eruption occurred in El Hierro island. Thus, the eruptive process in the Canary islands was reactivated after 40 years of inactivity. The main objective of this work is to evaluate, using Functional Data Analysis, how the surface deformation phenomenon explains the seismic-volcanic activity in the island. The GNSS-GPS data are from the FRON (GRAFCAN) station, located in Frontera. These data measure, each 4 h, the distance between the FRON station and the reference station LPAL (La Palma island) from August, 2010 to December, 2013. In this study a functional correlation measure is employed to establish the relation between the deformation curve and the curve of cumulative energy released. The period of time analysed has been divided into four phases to avoid the mix of phenomena. For each phase, the correlation measure and the time lag between deformation curve and the curve of cumulative energy released have been estimated. These values show a strong relation between these curves. With respect to time lag period, the only significant lag, of about 1 month, occurred in Phase 1, which was after a long period without seismic activity. The later phases had very short, insignificant, lags. After a long period without seismic and volcanic activity in El Hierro island, the time lag between the deformation process and the beginning of the seismic activity takes approximately 1 month. In a similar situation a method to predict in real time the beginning of the seismic activity is proposed. This method, based on the changes produced in the derivative curves when there is a rapid descent in the deformation curve, could activate a warning system approximately 13 days before the beginning of seismicity

Q–Str2–Models: A software in PyQGIS to obtain Stress–Strain models from GNSS geodynamic velocities

Q–Str2–Models is an opensource application developed in Python (PyQGIS) and integrated into QGIS that provides us with several tools for creating Stress–Strain models in geodynamically active areas, from the calculation of the horizontal velocities of many points from a temporal or permanent GNSS network. This software generates the results of the maximum geodetic deformation, shear deformation, rotation and dilatation of the points, which are later translated into graphic products; heatmaps, displacement vectors and Stress–Strain tensors. In this article we show the results of the application of Q–Str2–Models for the analysis of 65 GNSS stations of SPINA (South of the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa) network to know the geodynamic behavior of the Andalusian region and its surroundings. © 2023 The Author

Modernización con bajo presupuesto de la estación hidrométrica de Guaqui, lago Titicaca

El Instituto Panamericano de Geografía e Historia (ipgh) ha financiado el proyecto GEOF 04 2018, para la modernización del seguimiento de los niveles del lago Titicaca en la estación hidrométrica del puerto de Guaqui, Bolivia. El proyecto ha consistido en la instalación de una nueva regla limnimétrica, así como la adquisición y colocación de un sensor de presión. El presupuesto final tuvo una disminución del 60% respecto al presupuesto original, por lo que el proyecto fue llevado a cabo gracias a la colaboración y patrocinio del Servicio Nacional de Hidrografía Naval de Bolivia (snhn) y de la Universidad de Cádiz (uca), España. Asimismo, la uca dirigió la ejecución del proyecto, además de cursos de formación para preparar al personal del snhn que posteriormente se encargará del mantenimiento de los equipos y de la descarga de los datos y del envío de datos a la uca para su procesamiento y utilización con fines de investigació

Establecimiento de una red limnimetrica en las hidrovías de la Amazonia peruana

La determinacion del nivel de referencia vertical y la pendiente hidraulica en las hidrovias de la Amazonia peruana es un problema que afecta a la seguridad de la navegación y a los proyectos de ingenieria e investigacion. Actualmente, no se cuenta con un nivel de referencia vertical relacionado al nivel medio del mar ni al datum altimetrico de Peru

Shared decision making with schizophrenic patients: a randomized controlled clinical trial with booster sessions (DECIDE Study)

Background: The treatment of schizophrenia requires a prolonged, multidimensional intervention that includes antipsychotic drugs. Treatment adherence is essential to effectively control the disorder. Shared decision-making (SDM) is a strategy, supported by numerous practical and ethical arguments, that seeks to involve patients in the therapeutic process to improve treatment adherence and satisfaction. The use of this model in mental health has been limited for many intrinsic and extrinsic reasons. The results of clinical trials conducted to date have largely been disappointing, potential due to study design-related limitations. Aim/Question: To evaluate the efficacy, in terms of treatment adherence and improvement in clinical variables, such as severity of symptoms, days of hospitalization or insight, of a carefully timed SDM model initiated immediately prior to hospital discharge in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Single-blind, randomized clinical trial in an acute psychiatric care unit within the Andalusian Health Department to compare SDM (experimental group) to treatment as usual (TAU; control group) in a sample of patients hospitalized for an acute episode of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. The study was performed between January 2014 and June 2017. The experimental group participated in SDM sessions prior to discharge with regular booster sessions over the one-year follow-up. The health care team responsible for SDM was predisposed to concordance (LatCon II scale) and received specific training in SDM. A hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the factors independently associated with adherence, controlling for sociodemographic, clinical, and admission-related variables. Variables were assessed at admission, discharge and at 3, 6 and 12 months after discharge during the one year follow up. BARS, DAI, WAI-S, COMRADE and PANSS were used to evaluate adherence, attitude to treatment, therapeutic alliance, satisfaction and confidence with decision and clinical status, respectively. Results: A total of 227 schizophrenic patients hospitalized with acute decompensation were evaluated; of these, 102 met all inclusion criteria and were included in the study. Most patients (95%) had prior experience with antipsychotics and most (82%) had experienced related side effects. Despite randomization, psychopathologic severity was greater in the experimental group, with a mean (SD) PANSS score of 104.08 (80) vs. 93.45 (20.30) (p < 0.05). The final regression model to explain adherence was significant (adjusted R2 = 0.384; F [df= 6] = 4.386; p < 0.001), with a direct, significant and independent association with SDM mediated by the number of booster sessions. Discussion: Shared decision making with booster sessions appears to increase treatment adherence in patients with severe mental disorders. Implication on practice: Ethical, practical, and clinical reasons support the use of strategies designed promote the use of long-term, shared decision-making in psychiatric patients, especially in schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Background: Adherence is essential for the successful treatment of schizophrenia. Shared decision making is a strategy that aims to involve patients in the treatment process to improve satisfaction with treatment. However, the evidence to support this approach remains inconclusive. Aim/Question: To assess the efficacy, in terms of treatment adherence and clinical variables, of a shared decision-making approach initiated immediately prior to hospital discharge and at regular intervals during one-year follow-up in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Single-blind randomized clinical trial with in an acute psychiatric care unit within the Andalusian Health Department, with booster sessions at months 3, 6, and 12 during the follow-up. A hierarchical multiple linear regression was performed to assess adherence, controlling for sociodemographic, clinical, and admission-related variables, and the application or not of shared decision-making. Results: 102 patients with acute decompensation were included. Despite randomization, psychopathologic severity was greater in the experimental group, with a mean (SD) PANSS score of 104.08 (80) vs. 93.45 (20.30) (p < 0.05). The final explanatory adherence model was significant (adjusted R2 = 0.384; F [df = 16] = 4.386; p < 0.001), with a significant and independent association of shared decision-making mediated by the number of booster sessions applied. Conclusions: The application of shared decision making with booster sessions appears to increase the likelihood of treatment adherence in schizophrenia spectrum disorder. © 2023 The Author

Posicionamiento de las antenas parabólicas de la sección hora, mediante técnicas GPS

La utilización progresiva del Sistema de Posicionamiento Global (GPS) y el sistema de referencia WGS-84 asociado a esta técnica de satélites artificiales, hace necesaria la determinación de las posiciones geodésicas de nuevas estaciones directamente en dicho sistema de referencia, así como la actualización de las coordenadas existentes que definen las posiciones de instrumentos utilizados en diferentes proyectos de investigación. En este trabajo se presentan las observaciones realizadas y los resultados obtenidos para dotar de coordenadas geodésicas GPS a las antenas parabólicas situadas en la terraza del edificio de la Sección Hora del Real Observatorio de la Armada.Real Observatorio de la Armada- Autor/es: Berrocoso, M., Jigena B., Cartagena G. - Título: Posicionamiento de las antenas parabólicas de la sección hora, mediante técnicas GPS. - Nombre de la revista: Boletín Real Observatorio de la Armada, - Volumen: ROA No. 22/93 - Págin