Analysis of volatile compounds in three unifloral native Chilean honeys

Abstract. Three unifloral honeys were identified by the pronounced presence of specific compounds by means of sensorial analysis and SPME-GC-MS. Smoky and resinous ('propolis') odors characterized unifloral "quillay" (Quillaja saponaria) honey. "Corontillo" (Escallonia pulverulenta) honey was characterized by caramel and vanillin aromas, and "ulmo" (Eucryphia cordifolia) honey by having an anise scent with a floral jasmine note. Safranal was a useful marker for "corontillo" honey. Isophorone and cetoisophorone were the distinctive compounds of unifloral "ulmo" honey. In "quillay" honeys, megastigmatrienone, 2-p-hydroxyphenylalcohol and minor quantities of β-pinene and linalool oxide were correlated with their sensory properties such as resinous. Key words: : Ulmo honey, Escallonia or "corontillo" honey, Quillaja honey, SPME-GC-MS analysis. Resumen. Tres mieles monoflorales se identificaron por la presencia notable de compuestos específicos usando análisis sensorial y SPME-GC-MS. Los olores a humo y a resina (o a propóleos) tipificaron la miel de quillay (Quillaja saponaria). La miel de corontillo (Escallonia pulverulenta) se caracterizó por sus aromas a caramelo y a vainilla, y la miel de ulmo (Eucryphia cordifolia) por su fragancia anisada con una nota floral de jazmin. Safranal constituyó un marcador útil para la miel de corontillo, mientras que isoforona y cetoisoforona fueron los compuestos distintivos de la miel monofloral de ulmo. En las mieles de quillay se correlacionaron megastigmatrienona, 2-p-hidroxifenilalcohol y las trazas de β-pineno y óxido de linalool con sus propiedades organolépticas tales como resinosa. Palabras clave: miel de ulmo, miel de corontillo o de Escallonia, miel de Quillaja, análisis SPME-GC-MS

Influence of sun exposure on the aromatic composition of chilean muscat grape cultivars moscatel de alejandria and moscatel rosada

International audienc

Influence de l'exposition au soleil des baies sur le potentiel aromatique variétal

National audienc

Resurgence of minority and autochthonous grapevine varieties in South America: a review of their oenological potential

In contrast with the general trend of producing wine from the most famous grapevine varieties, associated with the French paradigm, such as Cabernet‐Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Syrah, Sauvignon Blanc, and Chardonnay, there is a tendency to revalorize and preserve minority or autochthonous grapevine varieties worldwide. The South American wine region, where most of the varieties derived from varieties brought after European colonization, is not exempt from this. This has allowed new wines to be provided with distinctive identities that are markedly different from the current homogeneous wine production. Moreover, varietal homogenization increases vineyard genetic vulnerability in relation to the emergence of grapevine diseases, to which the commonly cultivated varieties are not resistant. This review summarizes the oenological potential of minority or autochthonous grapevine varieties cultivated within the South American wine region, focusing on Argentina, Chile, and Bolivia.G. G.‐G. is grateful for the financial support given by CONICYT PFCHA/Doctorado Becas Chile/2016 – 72170532.Peer reviewe

Clinical experience of colistin-glycopeptide combination in critically ill patients infected with gram-negative bacteria

A colistin-glycopeptide combination (CGC) has been shown in vitro to be synergistic against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR GNB), especially Acinetobacter baumannii, and to prevent further resistance. However, clinical data are lacking. We carried out a retrospective multicenter study of patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs) who received colistin for GNB infection over a 1-year period, to assess the rates of nephrotoxicity and 30-day mortality after treatment onset among patients treated with and without CGC for 6548 h. Of the 184 patients treated with colistin, GNB infection was documented for 166. The main causative agents were MDR A. baumannii (59.6%), MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.7%), and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.5%); in 16.9% of patients, a Gram-positive bacterium (GPB) coinfection was documented. Overall, 68 patients (40.9%) received CGC. Comparison of patients treated with and without CGC showed significant differences for respiratory failure (39.7% versus 58.2%), ventilator-associated pneumonia (54.4% versus 71.4%), MDR A. baumannii infection (70.6% versus 52%), and GPB coinfection (41.2% versus 0%); there were no differences for nephrotoxicity (11.8% versus 13.3%) and 30-day mortality (33.8% versus 29.6%). Cox analysis performed on patients who survived for 655 days after treatment onset showed that the Charlson index (hazard ratio [HR], 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.44; P = 0.001) and MDR A. baumannii infection (HR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.23 to 5.12; P = 0.01) were independent predictors of 30-day mortality, whereas receiving CGC for 655 days was a protective factor (HR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.93; P = 0.03). We found that CGC was not associated with higher nephrotoxicity and was a protective factor for mortality if administered for 655 days