4 research outputs found
Chapter One – An Overview of Architecture-Level Power- and Energy-Efficient Design Techniques
Power dissipation and energy consumption became the primary design constraint for almost all computer systems in the last 15 years. Both computer architects and circuit designers intent to reduce power and energy (without a performance degradation) at all design levels, as it is currently the main obstacle to continue with further scaling according to Moore's law. The aim of this survey is to provide a comprehensive overview of power- and energy-efficient “state-of-the-art” techniques. We classify techniques by component where they apply to, which is the most natural way from a designer point of view. We further divide the techniques by the component of power/energy they optimize (static or dynamic), covering in that way complete low-power design flow at the architectural level. At the end, we conclude that only a holistic approach that assumes optimizations at all design levels can lead to significant savings.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version
Implementation model for service oriented smart transducers networks
Pametni pretvarač je uređaj koji pored pretvaračkih elemenata i
pratećih kola za obradu signala, poseduje i lokalnu inteligenciju i mogućnost
komunikacije. Veliki broj načina na koji se takav uređaj može realizovati,
dovodi do nekompatibilnosti i niskog nivoa interoperabilnosti između uređaja
različitih proizvođača, zbog čega je uveden standardni model pametnog
pretvarača definisan familijom standarda IEEE 1451. Dodatno unapređenje
interoperabilnosti se postiže nadogradnjom standarda, kroz uvođenje posebnih
Web servisa za komunikaciju sa pametnim pretvaračima.
Analiza postojećih rešenja je pokazala da i pored uvedene standardizacije ne
postoji opšti model mrežne konfiguracije i komunikacije. Zbog toga je u ovoj
tezi razvijen model implementacije koji omogućava uniformnu konfiguraciju
svih mrežnih čvorova od strane centralnog serverskog čvora i koji uvodi dva
obrasca komunikacije: (i) komunikaciju posredstvom centralnog servera i (ii)
obrazac zasnovan na upotrebi servisnih agenata.
Servisni agenti su uvedeni kao aktivne komponente, zadužene za transfer
podataka između pasivnih komponenata sistema kojima se pristupa putem
servisnih interfejsa. Servisni agenti se mogu nalaziti na bilo kom mrežnom
čvoru, čime se eliminiše centralizovani model komunikacije i omogućava
proizvoljna mrežna topologija. Za potrebe integracije entiteta koji nisu
konkretni pametni pretvarači, poput algoritama za obradu podataka i
ulazno/izlaznih uređaja, predstavljen je koncept virtuelnog pretvaračkog
modula. Dati mrežni entiteti u formi virtuelnog pretvaračkog modula se na
nivou interfejsa vide isto kao i konkretni pametni pretvarači, što omogućava
uniforman pristup od strane centralnog menadžerskog čvora i servisnih
agenata.
Verifikacija modela je data putem studija slučaja mreža za osmatranje
parametara okoline, procenu uslova za pojavu leda, predikciju signala
upotrebom neuralnih mreža i kontrole temperature sušare. Zaključeno je da
predloženi model ima praktičnu primenu, pri čemu je pokriven širok spektar
mreža pametnih pretvarača, podržava upotrebu i drugih funkcionalnosti koje
nisu date IEEE 1451 specifikacijom i različite komunikacione protokole, što ga
čini pogodnim za dalji razvoj servisno orijentisanih mreža pametnih pretvarača.
Ključne reči: servisno orijentisana arhitektura, pametni pretvarači, IEEE 1451,
distribuirani merni sistemSmart transducer is a device possessing the local intelligence and
communication capability, apart from the basic transducer elements and
accompanying signal processing circuits. A large number of different design
possibilities leads to the incompatibility and poor interoperability between
devices of different manufacturers, which are solved by the smart transducer
model established by the IEEE 1451 family of standards. Additional
improvement of interoperability is achieved by an upgrade of the standard,
through introduction of the customized Web services for communication with
smart transducers.
An analysis of existing solutions showed that the general model of network
level configuration and communication, actually, does not exist, although the
standardized smart transducer model does. Because of that, this work
establishes an implementation model which enables uniform configuration of
all network nodes by the central server node, and introduces the following two
communication patterns: (i) communication over the central server
intermediary and (ii) communication based on the service agents deployment.
Service agents are introduced as the active components that transfer data
between the passive system components accessed through service interfaces
and can be deployed to an arbitrary network node, which eliminates the
centralized communication model and enables arbitrary network topology. In
order to integrate the entities which are not physical smart transducers in the
network, like processing algorithms and input/output devices, concept of the
virtual transducer interface module is introduced. The given network entities in
form of the virtual transducer interface module are seen at the interface level
the same as the physical smart transducers, and are accessed uniformlly by the
central manager node and service agents.
Model verification is given through the case studies of networks for
environmental monitoring, ice formation condition estimation, neural network
signal sequence prediction, and dryer chamber temperature control. It is
concluded that the proposed model is applicable to a wide range of smart
transducers networks, it enables functionalities other than IEEE 1451 and
different communication protocols, which makes it suitable for further
development of the service oriented smart transducers networks
Implementation model for service oriented smart transducers networks
Pametni pretvarač je uređaj koji pored pretvaračkih elemenata i
pratećih kola za obradu signala, poseduje i lokalnu inteligenciju i mogućnost
komunikacije. Veliki broj načina na koji se takav uređaj može realizovati,
dovodi do nekompatibilnosti i niskog nivoa interoperabilnosti između uređaja
različitih proizvođača, zbog čega je uveden standardni model pametnog
pretvarača definisan familijom standarda IEEE 1451. Dodatno unapređenje
interoperabilnosti se postiže nadogradnjom standarda, kroz uvođenje posebnih
Web servisa za komunikaciju sa pametnim pretvaračima.
Analiza postojećih rešenja je pokazala da i pored uvedene standardizacije ne
postoji opšti model mrežne konfiguracije i komunikacije. Zbog toga je u ovoj
tezi razvijen model implementacije koji omogućava uniformnu konfiguraciju
svih mrežnih čvorova od strane centralnog serverskog čvora i koji uvodi dva
obrasca komunikacije: (i) komunikaciju posredstvom centralnog servera i (ii)
obrazac zasnovan na upotrebi servisnih agenata.
Servisni agenti su uvedeni kao aktivne komponente, zadužene za transfer
podataka između pasivnih komponenata sistema kojima se pristupa putem
servisnih interfejsa. Servisni agenti se mogu nalaziti na bilo kom mrežnom
čvoru, čime se eliminiše centralizovani model komunikacije i omogućava
proizvoljna mrežna topologija. Za potrebe integracije entiteta koji nisu
konkretni pametni pretvarači, poput algoritama za obradu podataka i
ulazno/izlaznih uređaja, predstavljen je koncept virtuelnog pretvaračkog
modula. Dati mrežni entiteti u formi virtuelnog pretvaračkog modula se na
nivou interfejsa vide isto kao i konkretni pametni pretvarači, što omogućava
uniforman pristup od strane centralnog menadžerskog čvora i servisnih
agenata.
Verifikacija modela je data putem studija slučaja mreža za osmatranje
parametara okoline, procenu uslova za pojavu leda, predikciju signala
upotrebom neuralnih mreža i kontrole temperature sušare. Zaključeno je da
predloženi model ima praktičnu primenu, pri čemu je pokriven širok spektar
mreža pametnih pretvarača, podržava upotrebu i drugih funkcionalnosti koje
nisu date IEEE 1451 specifikacijom i različite komunikacione protokole, što ga
čini pogodnim za dalji razvoj servisno orijentisanih mreža pametnih pretvarača.
Ključne reči: servisno orijentisana arhitektura, pametni pretvarači, IEEE 1451,
distribuirani merni sistemSmart transducer is a device possessing the local intelligence and
communication capability, apart from the basic transducer elements and
accompanying signal processing circuits. A large number of different design
possibilities leads to the incompatibility and poor interoperability between
devices of different manufacturers, which are solved by the smart transducer
model established by the IEEE 1451 family of standards. Additional
improvement of interoperability is achieved by an upgrade of the standard,
through introduction of the customized Web services for communication with
smart transducers.
An analysis of existing solutions showed that the general model of network
level configuration and communication, actually, does not exist, although the
standardized smart transducer model does. Because of that, this work
establishes an implementation model which enables uniform configuration of
all network nodes by the central server node, and introduces the following two
communication patterns: (i) communication over the central server
intermediary and (ii) communication based on the service agents deployment.
Service agents are introduced as the active components that transfer data
between the passive system components accessed through service interfaces
and can be deployed to an arbitrary network node, which eliminates the
centralized communication model and enables arbitrary network topology. In
order to integrate the entities which are not physical smart transducers in the
network, like processing algorithms and input/output devices, concept of the
virtual transducer interface module is introduced. The given network entities in
form of the virtual transducer interface module are seen at the interface level
the same as the physical smart transducers, and are accessed uniformlly by the
central manager node and service agents.
Model verification is given through the case studies of networks for
environmental monitoring, ice formation condition estimation, neural network
signal sequence prediction, and dryer chamber temperature control. It is
concluded that the proposed model is applicable to a wide range of smart
transducers networks, it enables functionalities other than IEEE 1451 and
different communication protocols, which makes it suitable for further
development of the service oriented smart transducers networks
Chapter One – An Overview of Architecture-Level Power- and Energy-Efficient Design Techniques
Power dissipation and energy consumption became the primary design constraint for almost all computer systems in the last 15 years. Both computer architects and circuit designers intent to reduce power and energy (without a performance degradation) at all design levels, as it is currently the main obstacle to continue with further scaling according to Moore's law. The aim of this survey is to provide a comprehensive overview of power- and energy-efficient “state-of-the-art” techniques. We classify techniques by component where they apply to, which is the most natural way from a designer point of view. We further divide the techniques by the component of power/energy they optimize (static or dynamic), covering in that way complete low-power design flow at the architectural level. At the end, we conclude that only a holistic approach that assumes optimizations at all design levels can lead to significant savings.Peer Reviewe