Figures parallèles de l’exemplarité héroïque entre confirmation et réfutation dans l’épopée peule au Foûta Jalon

Entre révélation du modèle ou archétype héroïque et affirmation d’un personnage secondaire, la construction rhétorique de la figure de l’exemplarité décline des techniques de persuasion au service d’une stratégie éducative et politique. En montrant qu’un personnage socialement inférieur peut lancer un défi au héros principal et même remporter un duel contre lui, le griot joue sur l’évidence du récit-argument pour remettre en cause la puissance illimitée d’une figure tutélaire au profit d’un personnage de statut social inférieur. Cette rhétorique de l’exemplarité prépare l’auditoire à une pratique sociale de la vertu (à imiter), et aussi à la remise en question des valeurs établies.Rhetorical construction in the peul epic of the West African region of Futa Jalon undermines its own use of archetypal heroic figures. By showing a socially inferior character defy the hero and even get the best of him in a duel, the narrative deconstructs the image of a seemingly superior hero and lends surprising authority to the figure of the slave. This rhetoric of exemplarity teaches virtue and moderation to the audience, and is also a way of challenging social [and racial?] prejudices

Obstetric emergencies in the maternity ward of the Ignace Deen national hospital CHU of Conakry: sociodemographic, therapeutic and maternal fetal prognosis aspects

Background: Despite government efforts to reduce maternal mortality, the risk of a woman dying from obstetric complications is about one in six in the poorest regions of the world compared to one in thirty thousand in North Europe. The objective was therefore to describe the clinical socio-demographic aspects and to establish the maternal and fetal prognosis of obstetric emergencies.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional prospective study over a 6-month period from January 1 to June 30, 2020 carried out at the maternity ward of the Ignace Deen national hospital (Conakry university hospital) in Guinea. The study looked at a continuous series of 662 obstetric emergency cases.Results: The frequency of admission of obstetric emergencies was 22.62%. They concerned young women (29.5 years old) on average, first-time mothers (53.32%), with low income professional activities, evacuated from a peripheral maternity unit (63.14%), no schooling (44.9%), married (92.3%), using the more often a means of public transport (66.5%) and whose pregnancies were poorly monitored (63.9%). Fetal emergencies were dominated by acute fetal distress (91.3%) and maternal emergencies were dominated by hypertensive emergencies (pre-eclampsia and eclampsia 37.44%) followed by hemorrhagic emergencies (last trimester hemorrhage and postpartum hemorrhage 34.34%). Pregnant and parturient women were more frequently admitted to labor (62.7%) and gave birth more frequently by caesarean section (86.70%). the staff reacted promptly to make a treatment decision in 75.5% of cases within fifteen minutes. emergency procedures were performed in less than fifteen minutes in almost all cases (97.4%), specific treatment was carried out in less than an hour in the majority of cases (68.3%). The maternal case fatality rate was 4.1% with the main cause of death being hemorrhagic shock of 51.8%. The stillbirth rate was 17.4%.Conclusions: The anticipation of emergency obstetric care (SOU) and close collaboration between the obstetrician, the anesthesiologist-resuscitator are essential in the management of obstetric emergencies

Surgical intervention on uterine fibromyoma in a country with limited resources: case of the gynaecology-obstetrics department of the Communal Medical Centre of Ratoma Conakry - Guinea

Background: In developing countries, treatment of uterine fibromyoma is confronted with numerous problems, namely: financial inaccessibility to the proposed treatments, fear of surgery and the weakness of the technical platform. The objectives of the study were to calculate the frequency of uterine fibromyomas, describe the socio-demographic characteristics of patients, identify the main clinical data and to describe the modalities of surgical management.Methods: It was a mixed descriptive study, cumulative over a period of 5 years (60 months) with data collection in two phases: a 4-year retrospective study from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2018 and a 1-year prospective study from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019.Results: Authors collected 135 cases of uterine fibromyomas operated on out of a total of 260 cases of gynaecological pathologies, i.e. a frequency of 51.92%. Nulliparous women were the most concerned (45.18%), and women who attended school (60%) and those who did not attend school (40%). Women at home and housewives accounted for 42.20% and 54.07% respectively. Clinically, the circumstances of discovery were dominated by menometrorrhagia and menorrhagia respectively 77.77% and 68.14%. The large uterus was the most frequent physical sign found in 96.29% of cases. Uterine fibromyomas were recorded in 86.6% of cases in women with genital activity. The operative indications were dominated by the large polymyomatous uterus (64.44%), followed by hemorrhagic fibroma (18.52%) The surgical treatment was conservative in 92.60%. The total hysterectomy was performed in 7.40. Lethality was 1.4%.Conclusions: The surgical management of fibroids contrasts conservative treatment (myomectomy) with radical treatment (hysterectomy) with multiple possible approaches (hysteroscopy, vaginal surgery, laparoscopy or laparotomy). In this context, only laparotomy was possible due to lack of equipment. Laparoscopy and hysteroscopy equipment are necessary for less invasive surgery

Reemergence of Sylvatic Dengue Virus in Southern Senegal, 2021

As part of the syndromic surveillance of fever in Senegal, the virology department at Institut Pasteur de Dakar (IPD) in collaboration with the Epidemiology Unit and the Senegalese Ministry of Health conducted syndromic surveillance of fever in Senegal. Sample are from all suspected arboviral infections patients attending any of the sentinel sites. Collected blood samples were sent on a weekly basis at WHOCC for arboviruses and hemorrhagic fever viruses for screening of seven medically important arboviruses, including dengue virus (DENV). From January to December 2021, 2010 suspected cases were received among them 124 for confirmed to be DENV+ by RT-qPCR attempt of serotyping led to the detection of atypical DENV case from Sare Yoba area (Kolda region) which is unable to be correctly assigned to a serotype by the available tools (TIB Molbiol Modular Dx Dengue typing kit). Performed genome sequencing et phylogenetic analysis leads to the identification of a sylvatic DENV-2 strain closely related to a virus previously detected in Guinee-Bissau in 2009. This finding constitutes proof of the contemporary circulation of DENV-2 strain belonging to the sylvatic cycle in addition to well-known epidemic strains; this adds a piece of complexity to dengue management in Senegal. Alarmingly, it calls for improved genomic surveillance of DENV to know the genetic diversity of circulating strains in order to strengthen future vaccination policies

Clinical Presentation of Patients with Ebola Virus Disease in Conakry, Guinea

BACKGROUND: In March 2014, the World Health Organization was notified of an outbreak of Zaire ebolavirus in a remote area of Guinea. The outbreak then spread to the capital, Conakry, and to neighboring countries and has subsequently become the largest epidemic of Ebola virus disease (EVD) to date. METHODS: From March 25 to April 26, 2014, we performed a study of all patients with laboratory-confirmed EVD in Conakry. Mortality was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included patient characteristics, complications, treatments, and comparisons between survivors and nonsurvivors. RESULTS: Of 80 patients who presented with symptoms, 37 had laboratory-confirmed EVD. Among confirmed cases, the median age was 38 years (interquartile range, 28 to 46), 24 patients (65%) were men, and 14 (38%) were health care workers; among the health care workers, nosocomial transmission was implicated in 12 patients (32%). Patients with confirmed EVD presented to the hospital a median of 5 days (interquartile range, 3 to 7) after the onset of symptoms, most commonly with fever (in 84% of the patients; mean temperature, 38.6°C), fatigue (in 65%), diarrhea (in 62%), and tachycardia (mean heart rate, \u3e93 beats per minute). Of these patients, 28 (76%) were treated with intravenous fluids and 37 (100%) with antibiotics. Sixteen patients (43%) died, with a median time from symptom onset to death of 8 days (interquartile range, 7 to 11). Patients who were 40 years of age or older, as compared with those under the age of 40 years, had a relative risk of death of 3.49 (95% confidence interval, 1.42 to 8.59; P=0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with EVD presented with evidence of dehydration associated with vomiting and severe diarrhea. Despite attempts at volume repletion, antimicrobial therapy, and limited laboratory services, the rate of death was 43%

Resurgence of Ebola virus in 2021 in Guinea suggests a new paradigm for outbreaks

These authors contributed equally: Alpha K. Keita, Fara R. Koundouno, Martin Faye, Ariane Düx, Julia Hinzmann.International audienc

Françoise Dufour, De l’idéologie coloniale à celle du développement. Une analyse du discours France-Afrique

S’appuyant sur une riche expérience d’expertise au compte des organisations internationales pour le développement en Afrique, Françoise Dufour, auteure de cet ouvrage livre un regard critique sur les relations entre l’Afrique et la France. Remontant le cours de l’histoire, elle montre les différents mécanismes de reproduction de la domination depuis les premiers contacts entre les deux continents jusqu’à nos jours. Si l‘on se fie aux observations premières, le corpus d’analyse se résume aux ..

Françoise Dufour, De l’idéologie coloniale à celle du développement. Une analyse du discours France-Afrique

S’appuyant sur une riche expérience d’expertise au compte des organisations internationales pour le développement en Afrique, Françoise Dufour, auteure de cet ouvrage livre un regard critique sur les relations entre l’Afrique et la France. Remontant le cours de l’histoire, elle montre les différents mécanismes de reproduction de la domination depuis les premiers contacts entre les deux continents jusqu’à nos jours. Si l‘on se fie aux observations premières, le corpus d’analyse se résume aux ..

Linéarité discursive et bouclages énonciatifs dans le discours de Sékou Touré

IntroductionOn peut émettre l'hypothèse que la réussite d'un acteur politique ne peut résulter que du « bon mot » lancé au bon moment et de sa capacité à capter l'attention de son auditoire par des expressions langagières suffisamment puissantes. Nul n'ignore les aptitudes oratoires de Sékou Touré dont le succès est peut-être dû au fait d'avoir très tôt pris conscience de l'importance du verbe, au point d'avoir élaboré une technique d’énonciation du discours et enfin d'avoir par la même occas..

Mode d’expression poétique et stratification sociale dans l’état théocratique du Fouta Djallon

1. Problématique de la littérature africaineJe me propose de montrer comment la stratification sociale dans la confédération théocratique du Fouta Djallon – ce qui correspond en partie à la région de la Moyenne Guinée de nos jours – eut une incidence sur le mode d’expression de la pensée entre le XVIIIème et le XIXème siècles. En abordant la problématique de la parole et de l’écriture, dans une société traditionnelle, ma réflexion s’inscrit, d’une certaine manière, dans le débat qui s’anime a..