FROM GRAPES TO LANDSCAPE RECONSTRUCTION: THE EXAMPLE OF ECOMUSEUM OF HILL AND WINE, CASTELLO DI SERRAVALLE, BOLOGNA, ITALY

Un territorio marginale come quello di Castello di Serravalle (Bologna) può offrire moltissime informazioni sull’evoluzione del rapporto tra uomo e ambiente, affiancando e integrando ricostruzioni geomorfologiche, dati archeologici e fonti storiche scritte. Per questo studio è necessario un innovativo tipo di approccio, profondamente multidisciplinare, che prevede l’utilizzo di competenze diversificate e lo studio di fonti eterogenee per tipologia e ambito. Particolare attenzione è dedicata all’integrazione tra dati gromorfologici ed archeologici, soprattutto alle analisi archeobotaniche dei reperti provenienti dal sito romano di Mercatello. Inoltre i risultati della ricerca potranno essere valorizzati e divulgati con un adeguato allestimento museale, come nel caso dell’Ecomuseo della Collina e del Vino, che permetterà di svolgere attività didattiche per una maggiore consapevolezza del patrimonio naturale e culturale dei residenti.Marginal areas as Castello di Serravalle (Bologna, Italy) offer us numerous information about the evolution of men -environment relationship, which can complete the geomorphological reconstructions, the archaeological proofs and the written historical sources. This particular research requires a brand new approach, strongly multidisciplinary, which plans to use different competences and to study heterogeneous sources, diverse for fi eld and features. Particular attention will be given to the integration of geomorphological and archaeological data, first of all to archaeobotanical analyses on materials from the roman archaeological site of Mercatello. Moreover the results of this research could be improved and spread through a suitable museum arrangement (Ecomuseum of Hill and Wine), which would let people improve their local, natural and cultural knowledge, through learning activities

THE BORDER AND ITS REPRESENTATION IN THE HISTORIC CARTOGRAPHICAL DOCUMENTS OF APPENINES BETWEEN MODENA AND BOLOGNA

Si presenta uno stralcio, da un più ampio studio relativo all'area collinare tra Modena e Bologna, volto alla ricostruzione del paesaggio antico, con particolare riguardo alla trasformazione dei toponimi, della rete idrografica, dell'uso del suolo e del reticolo insediativo. La ricerca si basa su numerosi documenti cartografici storici, anche inediti. I primi risultati hanno evidenziato la ricchezza delle informazioni offerte dalle antiche cartografie, che permettono così di ricostruire i complessi rapporti territoriali tra l'uomo e l'ambiente anche in area appenninica.It is presented an extract of a larger study about the hill area between Modena and Bologna. The aim of this research is the reconstruction of the ancient landscape, whit particular attention to the transformation of toponyms, rivers courses, soil use and human settlement network. The research is based on a large number of cartographic historic documents, unpublished too. The first outcomes have drawn attention to the several information this way obtained, which reconstruct the complex territorial relationships between man and environment in the Apennines area

THE TOPOGRAPHIC SIGN - FROM MODERN TO HISTORIC CARTOGRAPHY - AS A METHOD AND AN ISTRUMENT OF KNOWLEDGE IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND LANDSCAPE FIELDS

Viene presentato uno stralcio, da un più ampio studio relativo all’area collinare tra Modena e Bologna, volto alla ricostruzione del paesaggio antico, con particolare riguardo alla trasformazione dei toponimi, della rete idrografica, dell’uso del suolo e del reticolo insediativo. La ricerca si è avvalsa di numerosi documenti cartografici moderni e storici, anche inediti. I primi risultati hanno messo in evidenza la validità del metodo seguito, grazie alle tante informazioni che gli strumenti utilizzati hanno offerto per ricostruire i complessi rapporti territoriali uomo-ambiente. Un primo concreto risultato è stato la realizzazione della cartoguida e dell’audioguida dell’Ecomuseo della Collina e del Vino di Castello di Serravalle (Bologna), strumenti didattico-educativi che permettono al visitatore di costruire il proprio itinerario di visita, in base a esigenze ed interessi personali.It is presented an extract of a larger study about the hill area between Modena and Bologna. The aim of this research is the reconstruction of the ancient landscape, whit particular attention to the transformation of toponyms, rivers courses, soil use and human settlement network. The research is based on a large number of cartographic documents, modern and historic, unpublished too. The first outcomes have drawn attention to the validity of the applied method, and to the several information this way obtained, which reconstruct the complex territorial relationships between man and environment. A first outcome was the map-guide and the audio-guide of the Ecomuseum of Hill and Wine of Castello di Serravalle (Bologna): two didactical and educational tools that allow to the visitors the creation of their own itinerary, based on personal needs and interests

A TALE OF A CITY, THROUGH ITS URBAN LANDSCAPE AND CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE HEART OF EUROPE: THE CASE STUDY OF ORADEA CITY (ROMANIA)

The urban landscape of Oradea city is characterized by the presence of the Crişul Repede River and of the Renaissance Fortress. In the present study an interdisciplinary methodology for the diachronic study of the interrelationship between man and his landscape has been applied. The study of the paleorivers shows that the hydrographic network (the distinguishing and bonding element of the city) was subject to natural evolution and to human intervention. The knowledge of Oradea’s urban landscape represents a tool for rediscovering the geomorphological heritage, between use of resources and environmental conditioning. The relationship between fortress and rivers can be a chance for urban geotourism

THE FORTRESS OF ORADEA (ROMANIA) IN 1598, BETWEEN CARTOGRAPHY AND CHRONICLE. FLAMINGS AND ITALIANS DESCRIBE THE CITY

Il paesaggio urbano di Oradea, città della Romania nord occidentale, vicina al confine ungherese, è fortemente caratterizzato ancora oggi dalla presenza di una grande fortezza rinascimentale opera di architetti italiani. La fortezza di Oradea è la testimonianza più evidente dello stretto rapporto tra questa città e l'Italia dal XII al XVII secolo: un solido legame nato per motivi religiosi, e rafforzatosi per fronteggiare gli assedi turchi. Fino dal momento della fondazione della fortezza, nucleo più antico della città, i corsi d'acqua sono stati l'elemento qualificante e vincolante del paesaggio urbano di Oradea, condizionando dapprima la scelta del luogo più adatto e, successivamente, orientando lo sviluppo urbanistico; inoltre la possibilità di utilizzare i fiumi per il trasporto delle merci e per azionare mulini ed opifici ha direttamente influenzato lo sviluppo socioeconomico della città. Attraverso il confronto di materiale cartografico e documentario cinque-seicentesco in gran parte inedito (piante e vedute prospettiche della città e della fortezza e cronache dell'epoca) è stato possibile ricostruire e comprendere lo sviluppo del paesaggio urbano della città di Oradea.The urban landscape of Oradea, a city in northwestern Romania, near the Hungarian border, is still strongly characterized by the presence of a great Renaissance fortress designed by Italian architects. The fortress of Oradea is the most evident evidence of the close relationship between this city and Italy from the XII to the XVII century: a strong connection that came on religious grounds, and strengthened to face the Turkish sieges.Starting from the moment of the foundation of the fortress, the most ancient nucleus of the city, rivers have been the defining element of the urban landscape of Oradea, influencing at first the choice of the the most suitable place and then orienting the urban development; also the possibility to use rivers to transport goods and drive mills and factories, has directly influenced the socio-economic development of the city. Through the comparison of cartographic and documentary materials of the XV-XVII century (plants and perspective views of the city and the fortress, and chronicles), largely unpublished, it was possible reconstruct and understand the urban landscapes development of the city of Oradea

A novel soft tissue prediction methodology for orthognathic surgery based on probabilistic finite element modelling

Repositioning of the maxilla in orthognathic surgery is carried out for functional and aesthetic purposes. Pre-surgical planning tools can predict 3D facial appearance by computing the response of the soft tissue to the changes to the underlying skeleton. The clinical use of commercial prediction software remains controversial, likely due to the deterministic nature of these computational predictions. A novel probabilistic finite element model (FEM) for the prediction of postoperative facial soft tissues is proposed in this paper. A probabilistic FEM was developed and validated on a cohort of eight patients who underwent maxillary repositioning and had pre- and postoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans taken. Firstly, a variables correlation assessed various modelling parameters. Secondly, a design of experiments (DOE) provided a range of potential outcomes based on uniformly distributed input parameters, followed by an optimisation. Lastly, the second DOE iteration provided optimised predictions with a probability range. A range of 3D predictions was obtained using the probabilistic FEM and validated using reconstructed soft tissue surfaces from the postoperative CBCT data. The predictions in the nose and upper lip areas accurately include the true postoperative position, whereas the prediction under-estimates the position of the cheeks and lower lip. A probabilistic FEM has been developed and validated for the prediction of the facial appearance following orthognathic surgery. This method shows how inaccuracies in the modelling and uncertainties in executing surgical planning influence the soft tissue prediction and it provides a range of predictions including a minimum and maximum, which may be helpful for patients in understanding the impact of surgery on the face

The study of the landscape: from a holistic approach to a social concept of knowledges

Three examples of the study and enhancement of the landscape in Italy are presented. The interdisciplinary approach to this topic is carried out not simply by juxtaposing disciplines, but by the integration of different ambits. In this way, disjunctive thought is substituted by a holistic approach that produces communication more appropriate to research. This offers the scientists a tool that is of paramount importance for their studies, and for ordinary citizens, a new way of considering the landscape. Example 1: Sustainable tourism and man–landscape relationships: Ecomuseum, Castello di Serravalle (Bologna). By studying the landscape of a hilly wine-producing area, it has been possible to observe the signs of reciprocal man–environment interactions that have characterized the area for over two millennia. For this reason, an Ecomuseum was founded, to provide an efficient tool for the enhancement of sustainable tourism, and also to popularize knowledge of local cultural heritage among the citizens. Example 2: Lago Bracciano near Montese (Modena): re-assessment of an Apennine area combining archeology, landscape and history. The landscape of areas containing historical settlements of local populations was reconstructed. This started with archeological and documentary data that had not yet been correlated, which was integrated with geological and geochemical data. In this way, a marginal tourism area has been improved by appraisal of its intrinsic cultural and historical values. Example 3: Geological elements and poetic trails in Frignano Park. This geological–literary itinerary starts from the assumption that there is a specific poetic and cultural value to the Modena Apennines that is linked to the morphological and geological features of this territory. Geology and literature become an accompaniment to a new pilgrimage of knowledge

UNA MAPPA RINASCIMENTALE INEDITA DELL'ARCHIVIO DI STATO DI MODENA. DALLO STUDIO INTERDISCIPLINARE ALLA DATAZIONE.

Si presenta lo studio interdisciplinare di una mappa policroma rinascimentale inedita, proveniente dal Mappario estense, conservata presso l'Archivio di Stato di Modena e raffigurante l'alto Appennino Bolognese e Modenese.Gli autori stanno realizzando sulla mappa un complesso studio interdisciplinare, che coinvolge indagini archeometriche, geomorfologiche, cartografiche, paleografiche, topologiche, toponomastiche e storico/artistiche, che hanno dimostrato la ricchezza di informazioni che questo documento offre per lo studio e la ricostruzione dell'antico paesaggio dell'Appennino.Sono stati identificati i toponimi riportati sulla mappa e, sulla base di aspetti paleografici e stilistici, si suppone che il documento risalga alla II metà del XV secolo, probabilmente intorno al 1480. L'analisi dei pigmenti mediante microscopia Raman ha sostanzialmente confermato tale ipotesi, mentre sono tuttora in corso ricerche storico-archivistiche

Soft tissue prediction in orthognathic surgery: Improving accuracy by means of anatomical details

Three-dimensional virtual simulation of orthognathic surgery is now a well-established method in maxillo-facial surgery. The commercial software packages are still burdened by a consistent imprecision on soft tissue predictions. In this study, the authors produced an anatomically detailed patient specific numerical model for simulation of soft tissue changes in orthognathic surgery. Eight patients were prospectively enrolled. Each patient underwent CBCT and planar x-rays prior to surgery and in addition received an MRI scan. Postoperative soft-tissue change was simulated using Finite Element Modeling (FEM) relying on a patient-specific 3D models generated combining data from preoperative CBCT (hard tissue) scans and MRI scans (muscles and skin). An initial simulation was performed assuming that all the muscles and the other soft tissue had the same material properties (Homogeneous Model). This model was compared with the postoperative CBCT 3D simulation for validation purpose. Design of experiments (DoE) was used to assess the effect of the presence of the muscles considered and of their variation in stiffness. The effect of single muscles was evaluated in specific areas of the midface. The quantitative distance error between the homogeneous model and actual patient surfaces for the midface area was 0.55 mm, standard deviation 2.9 mm. In our experience, including muscles in the numerical simulation of orthognathic surgery, brought an improvement in the quality of the simulation obtained