The Effect of Glass Thickness on Stress in Vacuum Glazing

Heat transfer through multiple pane windows can be reduced by creating a vacuum pressure less than 0.1 Pa between the glass panes, with low emittance coatings on one or more of the internal surfaces. Fabrication of vacuum glazing (VG) requires the formation of a hermetic seal around the periphery of the glass panes together with an array of support pillars between the panes to prevent them from touching under atmospheric pressure. Atmospheric pressure and temperature differentials induce stress which can affect the integrity of the glazing. Several parameters define the stresses in VG including the glass thickness, pillar specifications, glazing dimensions and edge seal configuration. Inherent stresses in VG can result in fractures in the glass panes and failure of the edge seal. In this study, stress in VG with different glass thicknesses is theoretically studied using Finite Element Modelling (FEM). Based on the finding in this study, suggestions are made to address problems resulting from the use of thinner glass panes in the fabrication of VG. This can lead to the development of high performance, light and thin VG

A mild phenotype of incontinentia pigmenti in a male child: DNA confirmation of a somatic mosaicism

(Abs 674) 1th Annual meeting ASHG

Stress strain relationship of FRP-confined concrete for hollow columns

Past studies demonstrated the structural efficiency of FRP-confinement for reinforced concrete (RC) columns to increase their strength and ductility in axial compression [1-4]. Numerical and analytical models were developed to predict the stress-strain behavior of FRP confined concrete [5-8] and recommendations were provided to practitioners for design of FRP-retrofitted RC columns. Scientific studies related to FRP-confinement of hollow-core RC columns are very limited at the moment; a few data reporting properties of RC hollow-core columns under seismic forces are available [9-11]. This clashes with the thousands of applications all over the world in which bridge piers are designed as hollow-core columns to maximize the structural efficiency in terms of strength/mass and stiffness/mass ratios. In this work both solid and hollow-core concrete prisms and cylinders were tested under uniaxial compression to study the influence of various experimental parameters on the effectiveness of FRP jackets applied to concrete columns subjected to uniaxial compression loading. The investigated parameters were the concrete strength, the fibers type, the number of wrap layers, the column shape and dimensions and, for prismatic sections, the corner radius and the cross-sectional aspect ratio. On the basis of the experimental results obtained, a nonlinear finite element model was developed, obtaining a good correlation between the experimental and the numerical data in terms of stress-strain curves and ultimate load

Approximation by nonlinear integral operators via summability process

In this paper, we study the approximation properties of nonlinear integral operators of convolution-type by using summability process. In the approximation, we investigate the convergence with respect to both the variation semi-norm and the classical supremum norm. We also compute the rate of approximation on some appropriate function classes. At the end of the paper, we construct a specific sequence of nonlinear operators, which verifies the summability process. Some graphical illustrations and numerical computations are also provided

Multiple pathogenic and benign genomic rearrangements occur at a 35 kb duplication involving the NEMO and LAGE2 genes

The X-linked dominant and male-lethal disorder incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is caused by mutations in a gene called NEMO(IKK-gamma). We recently reported the structure of NEMO and demonstrated that most IP patients carry an identical deletion that arises due to misalignment between repeats. Affected male abortuses with the IP deletion had provided clues that a second, incomplete copy of NEMO was present in the genome. We have now identified clones containing this truncated copy (Delta NEMO) and incorporated them into a previously constructed physical contig in distal Xq28. Delta NEMO maps 22 kb distal to NEMO and only contains exons 3-10, confirming our proposed model. A sequence of 26 kb 3 of the NEMO coding sequence is also present in the same position relative to the Delta NEMO locus, bringing the total length of the duplication to 35.5 kb. The LAGE2 gene is also located within this duplicated region, and a similar but unique LAGE1 gene is located just distal to the duplicated loci. Mapping and sequence information indicated that the duplicated regions are in opposite orientation. Analysis of the great apes suggested that the NEMO/LAGE2 duplication occurred after divergence of the lineage leading to present day humans, chimpanzees and gorillas, similar to 10-15 million years ago. Intriguingly, despite this substantial evolutionary history, only 22 single nucleotide differences exist between the two copies over the entire 35.5 kb, making the duplications > 99% identical. This high sequence identity and the inverted orientations of the two copies, along with duplications of smaller internal sections within each copy, predispose this region to various genomic alterations. We detected four rearrangements that involved NEMO, Delta NEMO or LAGE1 and LAGE2. The high sequence similarity between the two NEMO/LAGE2 copies may be due to frequent gene conversion, as we have detected evidence of sequence transfer between them. Together, these data describe an unusual and complex genomic region that is susceptible to various types of pathogenic and polymorphic rearrangements, including the recurrent lethal deletion associated with IP