Mitigation of corrosion attack on carbon steel coated cermet alloy in different anion contents

This research study evaluated the corrosion mechanism attack on carbon steel coated with cermet alloys (WC9% Ni) in seawater at different sulphate-to-chloride ratios. The four different sulphate-to-chloride ratios were synthesised with the same seawater salinity of 3.5 % and same pH of real seawater. The corrosion tests involved immersion and electrochemical tests. The immersion test is used to determine the cermet coating ability to withstand the corrosion attack based on different ratios of anions present in the seawater at different periods of immersion. The corrosion attack was characterized by optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The aggressive anions present in the seawater influenced the corrosion attack on the cermet coating. For immersion test, results revealed that increasing sulphate more than chloride, increased the weight loss of cermets. The electrochemistry analysis showed that the passive layer forms on cermet coating prevented the material from further corrosion attack. However, due to its porosity, the passive layer collapsed and exposed the material for other corrosion reaction. For electrochemical test, the result shows that the solution with sulphate-to-chloride ratio of 0.14 (real seawater) has the highest corrosion current and Open Circuit Potential (OCP) compared to other solutions (different sulphate-to-chloride ratio). In conclusion, sulfate and chloride show their competition to attack the cermet coating on carbon steel and the higher the amount of chloride present in seawater, the higher the corrosion rate and pits formed on the cermet coating

Mitigation of corrosion attack on carbon steel coated cermet alloy in different anion contents

This research study evaluated the corrosion mechanism attack on carbon steel coated with cermet alloys (WC9% Ni) in seawater at different sulphate-to-chloride ratios. The four different sulphate-to-chloride ratios were synthesised with the same seawater salinity of 3.5 % and same pH of real seawater. The corrosion tests involved immersion and electrochemical tests. The immersion test is used to determine the cermet coating ability to withstand the corrosion attack based on different ratios of anions present in the seawater at different periods of immersion. The corrosion attack was characterized by optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The aggressive anions present in the seawater influenced the corrosion attack on the cermet coating. For immersion test, results revealed that increasing sulphate more than chloride, increased the weight loss of cermets. The electrochemistry analysis showed that the passive layer forms on cermet coating prevented the material from further corrosion attack. However, due to its porosity, the passive layer collapsed and exposed the material for other corrosion reaction. For electrochemical test, the result shows that the solution with sulphate-to-chloride ratio of 0.14 (real seawater) has the highest corrosion current and Open Circuit Potential (OCP) compared to other solutions (different sulphate-to-chloride ratio). In conclusion, sulfate and chloride show their competition to attack the cermet coating on carbon steel and the higher the amount of chloride present in seawater, the higher the corrosion rate and pits formed on the cermet coating

PENGARUH KOMPETENSI DAN DISIPLIN TERHADAP KINERJA GURU SMP NEGERI 1 SEMBAWA BANYUASIN

This study have purpose to determine effect of competence, disipline also perfomance of teacher at junior High School number one Sembawa Banyuasin either jointly or individually.  Questionnaire instrument competence, discipline, and teacher performance validated with the product moment correlation formula, while the reliability measured by cronbach alpha formula. Data analysis use to correlation and simple regression techniques. There is a positive influence between competence and disipline on the performance of teachers together (partial), where the correlation coefficient = 0.252 RY1.2  at significant level 0.06 and the correlation equation Y = 22,735 + 0.438 X1 + 0.510 X2 + e.There is a possitive influence of competence on the performance of teachers, where the correlation coefficient RY 1 = 0.356 at significant level 0.028 and the correlation equation Y = 56.260 + 0454 X1 + e.  There is a positive influence on the performance of teachers between disiplines, where the correlation coefficient RY2=0.366 at sinificant level 0.024 and the correlation equation Y =70,620 + 0.528 X2 +e. It was concluded that the performance teachers can beincrease if competence  and  disipline increased

Evaluation of ceramic lab facalities layout design of KKTM Masjid Tanah using SLP method

Facilities layout design is a significant factor contribute to the efficient manufacturing systems. A good design in facility layout may reduce travel time, expedite flow of material, operators and tools. It greatly affects the system performance of an organiz.ation. This study is related the facilities layout at the Ceramics Workshop, KKTM Masjid Tanah, Melaka. The reliable layout of this workshop is required to support Production-Based Education (PBE) practiced in KKTM, especially when PBE program run entirely by highvolume products. The current layout of workshop is not appropriate to support the activities as the flows of material of different products produced are not considered. The objective of this study was to redesign a new layout of the Ceramic workshop using Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) method and suggests of improvements designed layout. Data collection was performed such as the flow of process for each product, the area of each station, the distances between the regions. SLP is widely used in manufacturing industries to plan the layout of the facility. SLP procedures are based on data input of production activities, the flow of materials, relationship activities, relationship diagram, the need for space, spatial relationships diagram, modifying considerations and limitations, development and evaluation of alternative layouts. The study proposes some alternatives layout for improvement. Based on minimum distance criteria the alternatives were evaluated. Each layout alternative has its own advantages. Therefore, a decision was made where alternative number 2 is suggested as it is more effective layout in terms of flow, and distance

Protective coating for gabion wires against weathering elements and site conditions

Gabions are one of the most essential elements in the geotechnical field for their versatility and strength in slope stabilization. According to BS 8002:2015, gabions are rectangular large cages or baskets made of either steel wire or square welded mesh, and are usually filled with stones. Besides slope stabilization, gabions have been widely used for various purposes, including closing of river banks, road construction, landslide consolidation and hilly terrain reclamation [1]

Federal Court Review of Arbitrary State Court Decisions

Part I of this Note argues that the Thompson, Logan, and Hicks cases can be read narrowly to deal primarily with concern about protecting specific constitutional guarantees such as criminal procedural protections, equal protection guarantees, and first amendment freedoms. Arguably, in order to avoid dealing explicitly with the broader constitutional questions raised by the state decisions, the Court reversed the state decisions as arbitrary interpretations of state law. Part II argues that the rule against arbitrary state decisions suggested by Thompson, Logan, and Hicks is incompatible with federalism because it interferes with states\u27 ability to develop law over state law matters, to make final decisions over state law issues, and to divide law-making power between different branches of state government. Part III examines how broad applications of Thompson, Logan, and Hicks have intruded upon state power. In many of these cases, rather than constituting an arbitrary decision, the state decision could be equally well explained as a valid application or interpretation of state law. By reviewing the state decisionmaker\u27s decision, federal courts have not only imposed their own interpretation of state law on the state, but have also interfered with the division of power between state decisionmakers

Wall Climbing Robot

This report basically discusses the preliminary research done and basic understanding of the chosen topic, which is Wall Climbing Robots. Theobjective of this project is to develop of robot manipulator capable of ascending glass wall to do cleaning duties. The operation of the wall climbing robot in this project will be based on the pneumatic conceptthat is the suction of air to make robot can move along the vertical glass. This project will require a program using Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) to be the controller to its movement. The PLC ladder program will execute a sequence automatically according to the pre defined sequence of robot motion

Antioxidant and toxicity studies of fruit peel extracts / Hamira Azrin Harun

In this study, the peel extracts of species from family Curcurbitacea that included Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis, Cucumis melo var. inodorus and Citrullus lanatus were investigated on their total phenolic content using Folin-Ciocalteau method, DPPH radical scavenging activity and toxicity. Methanol was used as the extracting solvents of each extracts. All of the three extracts exhibited the ability to scavenge free radicals. The highest scavenging effect was presented by methanolic extract of Cucumis melo var. inodorus (IC 50 =4.61) which was corresponding to its highest total phenolic content (64.2 ± 0.10 μg GAE/ml). Meanwhile, the lethality concentration presented by each extracts was less than IO μ1/ml. The results of this study indicate that methanol provided good extraction but at the same time might interfered the toxicity level presented by each extract

Dynamic Response of Mrr2 Bridge at Ampang

The goal of the bridge engineer is to design economical structures which are safe, durable and serviceable. Determination of the dynamic response of bridges has been the topic of numerous studies in recent years. Much of attention had been focused on maximum dynamic displacements and moments and on the distribution loads to the floor system which are the information necessary to design for adequate strength. Although humans are subjected to the vibrations of many structures, there is seldom any direct provision in design codes to ensure user comfort and usually impose restrictions upon girder depth-span ratios and upon static deflection-span ratios in the hope that these limits will provide satisfactory dynamic response. Another important concern, the comfort of those crossing the bridges, has received relatively little attention. Transportation agencies do receive occasional comments and complaints from bridge maintenance works, pedestrians and passenger in halted vehicles concerning the vibration of bridges. So, this study is conducted in order to identify the parameters that most affect the vibration of the bridge and to check the response of the MRR2 bridge that had experience a dynamic response whether it is safe or not

Study of the Cutter Design of PDC Drill Bits on Effect of Back Rake Angle and Size of the Cutter on Wear Rate

In the oil and gas industry, drilling is one of the most important aspects due to the economics and high demand. Reduction in drilling time is required to minimize the cost of operations. This study focuses on the Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) drill bit which is categorized as fixed cutter of drilling bit. Problem such as wear and tear of PDC cutter is one of the main factors in drilling process failure and this would affect the rate of penetration. Thus, an intensive study in drill bit design would save a lot of money if the efficiency of drill bit can be improved. The objective of this project is to finding optimal design of PDC cutter and study the effect of design improvement to the wear rate. Derive an analytical model of PDC Cutter. Developing simulation modelling the PDC cutter and to determine the optimal characteristic of PDC cutter. The analytical model will be developed to collect the required results. Author will proceed with the simulation modeling using Autodesk Inventor for 3D drawing, which is based on the results of the analytical model. The modeling varies based on the back rake angle and the size of cutter. Subsequently, the experiment modeling will be conducted using ANSYS Explicit Dynamic by certain parameters and constant for the drilling simulation based on the cutter parameters. After that, the result from the experiment will be analyzed, in which the optimal characteristic of the cutter is obtained