Development of generic algorithm in wheel-typed hybrid rocket grain design for performance estimation

Hybrid rockets are featured by restarting capability, increased safety, high performance and moderate cost. These combined unique characteristics pose then as prominent candidates to replace solid rockets in tactical missiles and launch vehicles in the near future. However, the behavior of hybrid rockets is not fully understood, with issues specifically related to combustion instability and lowered regression rate. To investigate the characteristics of hybrid rocket performance we develop generic algorithm code. This script may serve as a valuable teaching resource in hybrid rocket motor design. This paper uses Hydroxyl Terminated Polybutadiene (HTPB) as a solid fuel and liquid oxygen as an oxidizer for evaluation purposes. Later, we introduce the results of the preliminary design and performance analysis of the hybrid rocket system. An interior ballistic model was used for the analysis of hybrid rocket performance. MATLAB® environment was used to develop the design and performance analysis codes, and visualize the temporal variation of performance characteristics

Wind Energy Potential: A Case Study Of Mersing, Malaysia

The findings regarding the wind velocity and its contribution to the power of wind energy are discussed in this paper. It involves a statistical analysis of its wind regime, the probability distribution of wind speed and power analysis. A rigorous selection of the probability distribution leads to an unambiguous power analysis. The main distribution selected is Weibull and Gama probability distribution. The wind power equation is derived through transformation method and the outcome of wind power analysis demonstrates the feasibility for the efficient extraction of wind energy in Malaysia. This paper suggests the potential of Mersing area for generating wind power

Influence of HALO and source/drain implantation on threshold voltage in 45nm PMOS device

In this paper, we investigate the influence of process parameters like HALO and Source/Drain (S/D) Implantation on threshold voltage in 45nm PMOS device. The settings of process parameters were determined by using Taguchi experimental design method. The level of importance of the process parameters on threshold voltage was determined by using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The virtual fabrication of the PMOS device was performed by using ATHENA module. While the electrical characterization of the device was implemented by using ATLAS module. These two modules were combined with Taguchi method to aid in design and optimizer the process parameters. Besides HALO and S/D implantation, the other two process parameters which used were oxide growth temperature and silicide anneal temperature. These process parameters were varied for 3 levels to perform 9 experiments. Threshold voltage (VTH) results were used as the evaluation variables. Then, the results were subjected to the Taguchi method to determine the optimal process parameters and to produce predicted values. The predicted values of the process parameters were verified successfully with ATHENA and ATLAS's simulator. In this research, halo implantation found to be the major factor affecting the threshold voltage (70%), whereas silicide anneal temperature was the second ranking factor (17%). As conclusions, halo implantation was identified as one of the process parameters that has the strongest effect on the response characteristics. While the S/D Implantation was identified as an adjustment factor to get the threshold voltage closer to the nominal value (-0.150V)

Critical analysis of criteria-based assessment and grading in architecture education (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia as case study)

Education is a contiguous and consecutive process. Thereby learning skills and knowledge in any context, requires strong and powerful academic basis. To reach this target, evaluation as a means to recognize student’s learning level and making decisions for further educating steps seems essential. All the Educational systems have sort of official examination, assessment or grading policy to measure student’s learning stage.In the typical policy, students are told clearly about the proposed assessment program and the relative weightings of the various components and they are given timely and helpful feedback after each assessment stage. Internationally, in these decades, universities and educators have become increasingly committed to making assessment and grading more effective in promoting student learning. Appraisal methods and grading systems in studio based educating systems, such as architecture, more than other majors and fields needs attention and scrutiny. Because transmitting the success amount of solving ill-defined problems in design studios to grading symbols are more difficult than multiple choice tests and even open ended questions. The primary interest of this study is in grading methods that claim to be criteria-based. This study tries to hybrid the criteria based models to introduce a new appraisal method in evaluating architectural projects in universities, based on a review of the most common grading policies

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FACTORS INFLUENCING ENGINEERS’ ADHERENCE TO ETHICAL PRACTICES IN ENGINEERING PROFESSION

The engineering profession is important due to its significant contribution towards the country’s development, particularly in the aspects of societal development and well-being. However, issues related to ethics and other forms of misconduct among engineers have been highlighted recently. This paper aims to identify the relationships between factors influencing engineers' adherence to ethical practices in Malaysia. This study was conducted through a research survey involving 376 engineers in various engineering fields, i.e. electrical, mechanical, manufacturing, and civil engineering by using the stratified probability sampling method. Data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The reliability coefficient for each study item, α, was found to be between 0.627 to 0.920. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that there were significant positive relationships between factors influencing engineers’ adherence to ethical practices. The relationship between the discipline at the workplace and environmental factors were found to be the most positive and significant (r= 0.606, p= 0.000). The study findings confirmed that there were significant relationships between factors influencing engineers’ adherence such as inner self conscience, environment, disciplinary regulations at the work place, religion, and experience which are found to be important in influencing engineers’ adherence to ethical practices. It is hoped that this paper can contribute new ideas for academia and policy makers to imbue the appropriate knowledge, religious awareness, and ethical values among engineers in order to uphold the engineering profession.  Keywords: works ethics, engineering professio

Penilaian kitaran hayat sel suria terpeka pewarna di Malaysia

Tenaga suria adalah sumber alam yang paling banyak di bumi yang mudah dieksploitasi, bersih, tahan lama dan stabil yang menjadikannya sesuai untuk menghasilkan tenaga elektrik berbanding dengan sumber tenaga yang lain. Walau bagaimanapun, teknologi konvensional suria fotovolta (PV) seperti silikon dan sel suria filem nipis boleh memberikan kesan alam sekitar ke atas kitaran hayat mereka yang disebabkan oleh proses pengeluaran yang rumit. Ini menyebabkan ramai saintis mengkaji sel-sel suria yang baru termasuklah sel suria terpeka pewarna (DSSC). Oleh itu, objektif penyelidikan ini adalah untuk mengkaji penilaian impak alam sekitar secara komprehensif mengenai teknologi ini di Malaysia melalui penilaian kitaran hidup (LCA) bermula dari buaian hingga pagar (cradle-to-gate). Dua petunjuk alam sekitar telah digunakan dalam kajian ini iaitu kumulatif keperluan tenaga (CED) yang memberi kesan kepada masa bayaran balik tenaga (EPBT), dan pelepasan gas rumah hijau (GHG). Hasilnya menunjukkan bahawa DSSC mempunyai EPBT iaitu 3.49 tahun, CED yang berjumlah 1190.29 MJ/m2 dan GHG sebanyak 262.38 gCO2eq/kWh yang lebih tinggi berbanding penyelidik yang lain. Penggunaan tenaga yang tinggi semasa proses fabrikasi modul dan pemasangan panel, kecekapan penukaran (ŋ) yang rendah, dan purata penyinaran suria (IR) yang rendah serta penggunaan substrat kaca FTO adalah beberapa faktor yang telah dikenal pasti sebagai penyumbang utama kepada keputusan ini

Kesan teknik pengaktifan bermangkin berbeza terhadap prestasi terma penyebar haba cip balikan(Effects of different catalytic activation techniques on the thermal performance of flip chip heat spreader)

Kertas ini membentangkan kesan dua teknik pengaktifan bermangkin yang berbeza terhadap prestasi terma bagi penyebar haba cip balikan. Penyaduran nikel tanpa elektrik digunakan sebagai salah satu teknik saduran kerana ia boleh membentuk satu lapisan nikel yang ketebalannya seragam ke atas substrat kuprum. Proses pengaktifan bermangkin perlu dilakukan dahulu untuk mengenapkan sesetengah atom nikel ke atas substrat kuprum, supaya enapan nikel mampu untuk memangkinkan proses penurunan yang seterusnya. Dua jenis teknik pengakitfan telah dikaji, iaitu pemulaan galvani dan penyaduran nipis nikel-kuprum. Ujian simpanan suhu tinggi telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji takat resapan antara logam bagi lapisan nikel and kuprum. Kemeresapan terma bagi penyebar haba telah dikaji dengan menggunakan peralatan Nano-flash. Keputusan yang diperolehi menunjukkan bahawa penyebar haba yang diproses dengan penyaduran nipis nikel-kuprum mempunyai nilai kemeresapan terma (35-65 mm2 s-1) yang lebih rendah berbanding dengan penyebar haba yang diproses dengan teknik pemulaan galvani (60-85 mm2 s-1). Selain daripada itu, kajian ini juga menemui ketebalan lapisan antara logam nikel-kuprum dalam penyebar haba ini bertambah daripada 0.2 μm pada keadaan asal kepada 0.55 μm selepas 168 jam simpanan suhu tinggi. Lapisan antara logam nikel-kuprum mempunyai kekonduksian terma yang lebih rendah berbanding dengan kuprum tulen, ini telah merendahkan kemeresapan terma bagi penyebar haba. Kesimpulannya, teknik pemulaan galvani meyediakan prestasi terma yang lebih baik untuk penyebar haba yang digunakan dalam pembungkusan semikonduktor

PEMBINAAN INSTRUMEN KEPATUHAN JURUTERA TERHADAP ASPEK ETIKA DALAM PROFESION KEJURUTERAAN (DEVELOPMENT OF ENGINEERS’ ETHICAL COMPLIANCE INSTRUMENT IN ENGINEERING PROFESSION)

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membina instrumen kepatuhan jurutera terhadap aspek etika  untuk mengukur tahap kepatuhan jurutera terhadap aspek etika dalam profesion kejuruteraan. Instrumen dibentuk berdasarkan konstruk yang dibina oleh pengkaji dan diperhalusi oleh 2 orang pakar dalam bidang kejuruteraan, dan seorang dalam bidang bahasa. Satu set soal selidik telah dibina dan diedarkan kepada 376 orang jurutera dalam pelbagai bidang kejuruteraan di Malaysia. Bagi menguji bilangan faktor dan kebolehpercayaan, data kajian dianalisis menggunakan statistik inferensi iaitu analisis faktor dan nilai pekali Alpha Cronbach. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan nilai kebolehpercayaan instrumen ini sangat tinggi iaitu  dengan nilai pekali Alpha Cronbach antara α = 0.744 hingga α = 0.872. Pembinaan konstruk kepatuhan jurutera terdiri daripada faktor diri sendiri, faktor disiplin dan peraturan di tempat kerja, faktor persekitaran, faktor nilai agama dan faktor pengalaman. Kajian ini juga mendapati instrumen kepatuhan jurutera yang dibina mempunyai tahap kebolehpercayaan dan kesahan yang tinggi. Justeru, pembinaan instrumen ini diharap dapat dijadikan alat ukur serta garis panduan kepada para jurutera dan para akademik dalam menerapkan nilai etika semasa sesi pengajaran dan pembelajaran di Institut Pengajian Tinggi (IPT), mahupun dalam profesion mereka dalam usaha melahirkan jurutera yang holistik bagi memenuhi keperluan negara. Kata Kunci: kepatuhan, etika, profesion kejuruteraan ABSTRACT This study aimed to develop an instrument of engineers’ ethical compliance to measure the degree of adherence of engineers towards ethical aspects in engineering profession. The instrument was formed based on the constructs developed by researchers and refined by two experts in the field of engineering, and one in the field of language. A questionnaire was developed and distributed to 376 engineers in various fields of engineering in Malaysia. To test the number of factors and reliability, data were analysed using inferential statistics namely factor analysis and the Cronbach alpha coefficient. The results yielded high reliability of this instrument, with a Cronbach alpha coefficient of α = 0.744 and α = 0872. Moreover, engineers’ compliance constructs comprise few factors like self-individual, discipline and regulatory in the workplace, environment, religion and experience. The study also found the instrument had high level of reliability and validity. Hence, the instrument is expected to guide engineers and academics in applying ethical values into their teaching and learning sessions in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), or even in their profession in order to produce holistic engineers to meet the needs of the country. Keywords: compliance, ethics, engineering professio

PERANAN FAKTOR AGAMA DALAM MEMBENTUK ETIKA JURUTERA (The Roles of Religious Factors in Shaping Engineer’s Ethics)

Sumbangan profesion kejuruteraan terhadap kemajuan negara amat besar terutama dalam aspek pembangunan dan kesejahteraan hidup masyarakat. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti peranan faktor agama dalam mempengaruhi pembentukan etika jurutera di Malaysia. Kajian ini dijalankan dengan melakukan kajian tinjauan terhadap 376 orang jurutera dalam pelbagai bidang kejuruteraan termasuk bidang elektrikal, mekanikal, pembuatan dan awam dengan menggunakan kaedah persampelan kebarangkalian berstrata. Pengkaji juga menggunakan kajian deskriptif untuk mengukur tahap peranan agama dalam membentuk etka jurutera. Data yang dikumpul digredkan melalui pakej statistik iaitu Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS 20.0). Data kajian dianalisis menggunakan 5 skala Likert. Statistik yang digunakan dalam analisis deskriptif ialah min, mod, median, peratus dan sisih piawai. Penemuan kajian ini mengesahkan faktor agama signifikan dalam mempengaruhi pembentukan etika jurutera. Di harap kajian ini dapat menyumbang idea baru kepada para akademia dan penggubal dasar dalam usaha menerapkan pengetahuan, kesedaran agama dan nilai etika kepada jurutera dalam usaha memartabatkan profesion kejuruteraan. Kata Kunci: agama, etika, jurutera The contribution of engineering profession to a nation is great especially for the society’s development and well being. This paper was to indentify the roles of religious factors in influencing the ethics among engineers in Malaysia. A study was conducted using questionnaire of 5 likert scales. 376 engineers from various fields such as electrical, mechanical, manufacturing and others were selected through stratified probability sampling. Descriptive anylysis using SPSS was also used. The findings showed that religious factors were significant in influencing engineer’s ethics. The study is benefical for academics and policy E-ISSN: 2289-8115 ISSN: 1985-7012 Vol. 12 No. 1 January - June 2019 82 makers in instilling knowledge, religious awareness and ethical values among engineers in order to enhance the image of engineering profession. Keywords: religious, ethics, enginee

Analisis kecekapan aktiviti penyelidikan dan pembangunan (R&D) dalam sektor tenaga boleh diperbaharui di Malaysia

Aktiviti penyelidikan dan pembangunan (R&D) dalam sektor tenaga boleh diperbaharui merupakan salah satu elemen penting dalam Dasar dan Pelan Tindakan Tenaga Boleh Diperbaharui (NREPAP). Walau bagaimanapun, aktiviti R&D tenaga boleh diperbaharui tidak dikategorikan sebagai salah satu kelompok utama dalam program R&D negara dan ia perlu bersaing dengan bidang lain untuk mendapatkan dana penyelidikan. Walaupun dana R&D tenaga boleh diperbaharui yang diterima agak rendah, hasil daripada aktiviti R&D tenaga boleh diperbaharui di Malaysia dilihat sangat menggalakkan terutamanya dari segi penerbitan, penghasilan paten dan juga pembangunan modal insan. Ini bermakna aktiviti R&D yang dijalankan memberi sumbangan secara tidak langsung kepada pembangunan tenaga boleh diperbaharui di Malaysia. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menilai prestasi aktiviti R&D di Malaysia berasaskan lima sumber tenaga boleh diperbaharui, iaitu suria, angin, biojisim, biogas dan hidro mini menggunakan pendekatan analisis penyampulan data (DEA) dari tahun 2012 hingga 2017. Kajian ini menggunakan model Charnes, Cooper, Rhodes (CCR)–DEA berorientasikan output dengan nisbah satu output dan empat input. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa biojisim merupakan sumber tenaga boleh diperbaharui yang paling cekap manakala angin merupakan sumber tenaga boleh diperbaharui yang paling tidak cekap dari perspektif aktiviti R&D di Malaysia. Prestasi keseluruhan kecekapan aktiviti R&D tenaga boleh diperbaharui di Malaysia berada pada tahap baik iaitu mencapai 69.2% dalam tempoh 2012-2017. Hasil kajian ini selari dengan hasrat Kerajaan Malaysia untuk membangunkan sumber tenaga biojisim selaras dengan inisiatif Strategi Biojisim Kebangsaan 2020. Hasil kajian ini boleh dijadikan sebagai asas untuk mewujudkan dasar atau strategi khusus untuk memperkukuhkan lagi aktiviti R&D bagi menyokong pembangunan tenaga boleh diperbaharui di Malaysia