Response of Polycrystalline Solar Cell Outputs to Visible Spectrum and other Light Sources-a Case Study

In this case study, two polycrystalline solar modules were installed outdoors (irradiated by sunlight) and indoors (irradiated by artificial lights). The solar cells in both cases were installed using different color filters that allowed the passage of certain light frequencies. The amount of energy produced by each module were measured and compared to a reference module with no filter. The results indicated the variable response of polycrystalline solar cells to natural and artificial light sources, being more responsive in both cases to red band color as could be deduced from their % current outputs (72.5% sunlight radiation; 84.38% artificial light sources). Other colors, including yellow, green, orange and violet afforded acceptable outputs. The results indicated that electrical outputs of indoor solar cells decreased when colored filters were used, but red filter in general afforded the maximum outputs, for both the artificially radiated indoor and naturally radiated outdoor solar cells. The case study suggests the possible complementary advantage of using indoor mounted solar cells for the production of electricity during artificial illumination period of the day

Potential and impact study of amman high frequency speed bus, a case study

The current study proposes the utilization of solar panels to power high frequency speed buses like the Bus Rapid Transit in Am-man city.  Based on Photo Voltaic technology, mounting PV solar panels system on the top of the track of the high frequency bus, ar-ranged at azimuth angle ranging between 0°- 90° with the best tilt angle measured 12°, along an actual unshaded track of 18 km (of the 25 km total pathway track), resulted in the generation of more than18 MWp (On Grid system). Such power is used not only to charge the bus and to operating facilities inside the city instead of the conven-tional ways as illustrated in the coming later

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Modeling of power numerical relay digitizer harmonic testing in wavelet transform

In today’s modern power devices and rapid growth power demands, the need for precise and accurate protection relays is a must for the power distribution system. That is, to segregate faulty sectors within fewer cycles, power relays should perform at the highest level of accuracy to detect abnormal conditions in power distribution. Therefore, this work will investigate the enhancement of the numerical relay testing in terms of harmonic distortions effect on the digitized output waveform as direct causes of relay failures. However, as it is an expensive process of testing the digitizing element of the numerical relay, this paper proposes a new algorithm of wavelet transforms in power quality signal processing testing using MATLAB simulation. As this newly proposed method of advanced waveform analysis algorithm will enhance the testing process of digitizing elements, and reduce data compiling complexity, a comparison between conventional fourier transforms testing and wavelet algorithm under abnormal conditions will be simulated based on inserting multi harmonics effect. As a result, based on the wavelet bank of filters, denoising, and decomposition structure filters, wavelet has provided promising results in defining the effect of waveform distortion tripping time, fault location, total harmonic distortion, signal-to-noise ratio, and spurious-free dynamic range

A novel approach to simplified and secure message cryptography using chaotic logistic maps and index keys

This paper proposes a novel method of message cryptography aiming to provide a simple, secure, and highly efficient approach to encryption and decryption. Unlike existing methods that rely on complex logical operations, our method utilizes simple rearrangement operations, reducing computational complexity while ensuring robust security. It employs a sophisticated, high-entropy private key designed to withstand hacking attempts. This key generates two chaotic keys using chaotic logistic map models, which are sorted to form two index keys essential for rearranging message blocks and characters during encryption and decryption. The process is facilitated by two simple operations, Get_index and Get_min, based on the index keys. These operations achieve streamlined procedures without compromising security. The method's speed is evaluated across various message lengths, demonstrating significant improvements in encryption time and throughput. The comparative analysis highlights the superior efficiency of this method compared to existing methods. Rigorous testing confirms that the proposed method meets stringent quality and sensitivity requirements, ensuring robust cryptographic standards. This innovative approach offers a promising solution for secure message encryption and decryption, combining simplicity, security and efficiency to meet the evolving needs of secure communication systems

Experimental Investigation of Microcontroller-Based Acoustic Temperature Transducer Systems

Temperature transducers are commonly used to monitor process parameters that are controlled by various types of industrial controllers. The purpose of this study is to design and model a simple microcontroller-based acoustic temperature transducer based on the variations of resonance conditions in a cylindrical resonance tube. The transducer’s operation is based on the generation of an acoustic standing wave in the free resonance mode of generation within a cylindrical resonance tube which is converted into a train of pulses using Schmitt trigger circuit. The frequency of the generated standing wave (i.e., the train of pulses) is measured by the Arduino Uno microcontroller, where a digital pin is used to acquire pulses that are counted using a build-in software function in an Arduino IDE environment. Experimental results are performed for three sizes of diameters to investigate the effect of the diameter of resonance tube on the obtained results. The maximum nonlinearity error according to Full-Scale Deflection (FSD) is about 2.3 percent, and the relative error of the transducer is evaluated using experimental findings and the regression model. The circuit simplicity and design of the suggested transducer, as well as the linearity of its measurements, are notable