İsraf Ekonomisinin Önlenmesinde Bağımsız Düzenleyici ve Denetleyici Kuruluşların Önemi: Türkiye Örneği

Üretim ve tüketimin kendi halinde piyasa koşullarına bırakılması, bu işlevlerin dengesiz bir şekilde gerçekleşmesine; çevre sorunlarına; fiyat istikrarsızlıklarına veya nihayetinde ekonomik krizlere yol açabilmektedir. Bu yüzden özellikle üretim ve tüketim süreçlerinin bilinçli ve israf etmeden gerçekleştirilebilmesi için piyasaların düzenlenmesi ve denetlenmesi önem kazanmaktadır. Fakat bu işi yapacak kurumların özerk olması ve buralarda çalışacakların, görev alanların da özel düzenlemeye tabi olması gereklidir. Çünkü piyasaların düzenlenmesi ve denetlenmesi kamu hizmeti olmakla birlikte, klasik kamu hizmetlerinin yürütülmesi mantığından farklıdır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de, Bağımsız Düzenleyici ve Denetleyici Kuruluşların, üretim ve tüketim süreçlerini, bilinçli bir şekilde ve kaynakları israf etmeden nasıl düzenleyebileceği ve denetleyebileceği verilmeye çalışılacaktır. Bunun için de, şu an sistemde olan ve yeni kurulabilecek kuruluşlar bazında örneklendirilerek öneriler verilmeye çalışılacaktır

KAYITDIŞI EKONOMİ VE GEÇİŞ ÜLKELERİ

Bu çalışmada evrensel bir sorun olan kayıtdışı ekonomi olgusu nedenleri, boyutu ve ölçüm yöntemleri açısından ele alınmış ve geçiş ülkeleri açısından değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Piyasa ekonomisinin gelişmesinin ön koşullarından birisinin kayıtdışı ekonomik faaliyetlerin azaltılması olduğundan, bu konunun daha da büyük önem taşıdığı görülmektedir. Geçiş ülkeleri açısından değerlendirildiğinde, bağımsızlık sonrası dönemde bu ülkelerde kayıtdışı ekonomik faaliyetlerin hızla arttığı gözlemlenmiştir. Bu amaçla geçiş ülkelerindeki kayıtdışı ekonomi büyüklüğünü tahmin etmeye yönelik literatür taraması yapılmış ve çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlara yer verilmiştir

Structuring of the Bakirkoy Rehabilitation Form for Patient with Chronic Mental Illness

Objective: Rehabilitation plays an important role in the adaptation of patients with chronic mental illnesses to treatment, as well as to the society in the post-treatment period. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the form which was designed for level of rehabilitation needs for patients with chronic mental illness

Anthropometric Characteristics of Young Turkish Male Athletes

Comparative reports on the anthropometric characteristics of athletes are certainly important in modern sports and have long been studied by sports scientists. Studies on Turkish athletes however are limited. In the present study physical characteristics of athletes active in various sports (American football, basketball, volleyball and football) were observed and compared to each other and to those of non-athlete individuals. 153 volunteer male subjects participated in the study. All of the athletes were licensed members of teams in inter-university leagues. All subjects were given information about the objectives of the study and were advised of the manner with which the anthropometric measurements would be obtained. In addition to 17 anthropometric values, body mass index (BMI) and somatotype components were calculated and evaluated. Length, breadth, and girth values were evaluated by ANCOVA and height and weight were used as co-variate factors. The other variables were evaluated by metric and non-metric ANOVA. The results of the study indicate that basketball and volleyball players were characteristic with their longer lower limb length; American football players were with their wider biiliac breadth and higher girth values; and football players with their small structure. It was also observed that Turkish athletes have higher endomorphy and lower mesomorphy values when compared to athletes front other countries

Long-term effects of a rehabilitation program on the clinical outcomes, social functionality, and life quality of schizophrenic patients-a follow-up study

Objective: Schizophrenia is a severe brain disease which leads to progressive clinical, cognitive, social, and vocational deterioration. The results of a meta-analysis of studies from more than 100 years showed that the progress and outcomes of schizophrenia remain poor. However, evidence-based strategies combining pharmacological and psychosocial treatments have obtained promising results and increased expectations regarding the outcome of schizophrenia. This study examined the effects of a multimodal, psychosocial intervention program for schizophrenic patients at the end of the program and three years later. Methods: The study involved 60 patients between 18 and 65 years old who had been diagnosed with schizophrenia but had not participated in a multimodal, psychosocial intervention program. At the beginning of, end of, and three years after the six-month program, all patients were assessed with the Bakirkoy Rehabilitation Form for Patient with Chronic Mental Illness, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Morisky's Questions--Self-Report Measure of Adherence, Quality of Life Scale, Insight into the Three Components of the Evaluation Scale, Social Functioning Scale, and Disability Assessment Schedule. The three sets of measurements were compared to each other. Findings: In the end-of-program and third-year measurements, the severity of the symptoms had statistically and significantly decreased compared to measurements made before the program. As well, the frequency of hospitalizations decreased, while adherence to treatment, insight level, social functionality, and quality of life increased. Discussion: The structured psychosocial interventions used throughout the program were found to increase patients' insight level and adherence to treatment, which resulted in decreased severity of symptoms and frequency of hospitalizations. Recovery from negative symptoms, which the literature shows to be the most important causes of decreased social and professional functionality, could explain the increase in the scale scores measuring social functionality and quality of life. Likely also contributing to this result was the intense use of techniques in such areas as independent living skills, interpersonal relations, daily life activities, and social affairs and behaviors. Results: The results of this study are important. They show that the applied program is effective and that its positive effects lasted three years after it ended. This program can serve as a model for the community mental health centers opening during the transition to and establishment of a community-based psychiatric system in Turkey

Anthropometric measurement and analysis of the lower face in Turkish rhinoplasty patients

WOS: 000217776900004Background Lower face dimensions have a great impact on the perception of nasal beauty. For this reason, evaluation of the lower face is important in patients applied for rhinoplasty. In this study, we aimed to describe the values of lower face anthropometric measurements in Turkish patients who applied for rhinoplasty and to compare these values with measurements of individuals who are pleased with their nasal appearance. Methods A Turkish population of 252 rhinoplasty-negative individuals and 171 rhinoplasty patients were included in this study as the control and rhinoplasty groups. Using the preoperative photographs of the facial profile, seven vertical measurements were taken and seven indices were used to determine the relationships between measurements of the lower face. Results In the rhinoplasty group, most vertical profile measurements were greater in males. The only variables with no gender differences were lower and upper vermilion heights. Only variables with a significant difference between two groups were upper lip vermilion height in females and upper lip height in males. Conclusions This study provides objective reference material for the evaluation of the lower face when planning for rhinoplasty. Besides, the differences found between two groups emphasize the importance of the nasolabial region when planning for rhinoplasty

Effects of a Psychosocial Rehabilitation Program in Addition to Medication in Schizophrenic Patients: A Controlled Study

Objectives: The contemporary approach to psychiatric diseases is to refer the patient to community-based care instead of hospital-based care. In addition to medication, it has been found that day-hospital practices have positive results in schizophrenic patients. In this study, our purpose is to report the results of a psychosocial rehabilitation program at Bakirkoy Day Hospital for schizophrenic patients receiving medication, and to compare them with the results for schizophrenic patients receiving medication who were not in this program

Information Status of the Patients about Radiological Examinations and Encountered Ethical and Medical Issues

WOS: 000363103000009Aim: It is observed that the patient compliance and technical quality is increased in sufficiently informed patients by the doctor at the examinations requested from the radiology clinics. We aimed to point to rate of the patients have been informed by the doctor about ultrasound and interventional radiological examinations requested from the clinical disciplines and accordingly encountered medical and ethic problems. Methods: Simple yes or no questions were asked to 1000 patients (550 male, mean age 44, 450 women, mean age 42) admitted to our clinic to assess their level of information about the investigation. Whether the patients were informed by the doctor, know why and what is the examination wanted and knowledge about the way of technique were asked to the patients simply and clearly. Results: 880 of 1000 (88%) patients were not informed by the doctor about tests, 710 patients (71%) had no information about the examination. Patients with information about research (290 patients) classified according to source of the information; 120 patients were informed by the physician (41.4%), 90 patients (31%) had examination before, 44 patients (15.2%) received information from the relatives and other patients examined, while the remaining 36 patients (12.4%) were found information from a variety of media organs and from the internet. Conclusion: As a result of our research it is concluded that information status of the patients about radiological examinations is insufficient and the patients are not informed adequately by clinicians. Patient non-compliance during the examination because of having no information or false information decreases the quality of the investigation and makes it difficult to reach the diagnosis

Facial soft tissue thickness in individuals with different occlusion patterns in adult Turkish subjects

Knowledge of variation in facial soft tissue thickness is important for forensic anthropologists, dentists, and plastic surgeons. Forensic anthropologists use such information as a guide in facial reconstruction and superimposition methods. The purpose of this study was to measure facial tissue thicknesses of adult males and females of Turkish origin across different types of occlusion, and to compare the results with each other and with values obtained for other populations. The study was conducted on 200 healthy individuals. The analysis of facial tissue thickness included 20 landmarks (10 dentoskeletal and 10 soft tissue) and 10 linear variables. Sex-based variation in facial tissue thickness was noted. The highest soft tissue thickness values were observed in the group with Class III occlusion type at Sn-A point for both the females (16.9, SD = 2.4) and the males (17.8, SD = 3.3). In the Class I group, the highest tissue depth was observed at Sn-A point (15.3, SD = 2.1) in females, and at Li-Id point (17.1, SD = 1.9) in males. In the Class II group, contrary to the findings for Class I, the highest soft tissue depth was at Li-Id point (16.0, SD = 1.4) in females, and at Sn-A point (18.1, SD = 2.6) in males. In conclusion, facial tissue thickness varied in adults depending on the sex and on the type of occlusion. (C) 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved