Mitigasi Korupsi Berbasis PAR: Studi pada Bantuan Sosial Semeru Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Lumajang

This study was intended to understand the pattern of mitigating corruption of social assistance (bansos) for victims of the Semeru eruption based on public awareness to escort the distribution of social assistance to residents affected by the Semeru eruption. The research employed socio-legal with a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach, a corruption escort approach based on community solidarity. Data was collected through interviews, focus group discussions and online and offline dissemination. The results showed that (1) supervision and legal protection of the role of the community in preventing and enforcing social assistance deviations was critical. The community was vital in ensuring the country's administration ran well and was clean of corruption. (2) The participation of the general public in the administration of the state guarantees the achievement of a better Indonesia, which was still wishful. (3) The opinion of poor and marginalized communities needs to be heard due to they have the same guarantees from the constitution

CREDIT-PRODUCT INTERLINKAGE, CAPTIVE MARKETS AND TRADE LIBERALIZATION IN AGRICULTURE: A THEORETICAL ANALYSIS IN AGRICULTURE: A THEORETICAL ANALYSIS

This paper builds a model of fragmented duopsony in backward agriculture following Basu and Bell (1991) in which the purchasers (traders) have captive markets each but compete in a contested market. We focus on the formation of captive markets through trader-farmer interlinkage in the form of interlinked credit-product contracts (ICPCs). ICPC (or the formation of captive markets) is not an entry-preventive strategy in the model. Its motive is to push the farmers to their reservation income level. However, the captive and the contested markets are linked by the requirement that the reservation income of a captive farmer has to equal the income of a farmer in the contested market. In general, in our model strategic considerations determine the extent of use of ICPCs rather than explaining their existence. In this set-up we examine the effects of trade liberalization in agriculture on the village economy. We show that a reduction in the credit subsidy will raise the size of the captive market, leads to deterioration in the welfare of the farmers and may lower the agricultural productivity of the economy. On the contrary, an increase in the international price of the crop unambiguously improves the welfare of the farmers but the effect on the agricultural productivity is ambiguous. The paper argues that unless the developed countries liberalize trade in their agricultural sector, it would be premature for the developing countries to go in for agricultural trade liberalization and remove all farm subsidies, as this policy may in fact be counterproductive.Trader, Farmer, Captive segment, Contested segment, Interlinkage, Nash equilibrium, Trade liberalization in agriculture

THE EXISTENCE OF TESTAMENTARY LAW IN THE ISLAMIC DIVISION OF INHERITANCE

This study wants to highlight the position of wills in Islamic inheritance law, where as is well known there is a basic principle that the property of a deceased person should be divided in accordance with the provisions of the Quran and Sunnah. Then the problem is the position of the will of the deceased in Islamic law. Where this is still a basic question because so far wills are often ignored in the division of inheritance. The method used in this study is an interdisciplinary approach, namely socio-legal where this approach not only looks normatively but also the impact caused by rules or laws. This study wants to answer; (1) What is the position of the will in Islamic law?, (2) To what extent do religious courts recognize the will of a deceased person?. The conclusion of this study is that the legality of wills has not been fully recognized in Islamic inheritance law, this is evidenced by the existence of inheritance decisions that tend to prioritize the division of inheritance in Islamic inheritance law.

Multivariate Approaches to Classification in Extragalactic Astronomy

Clustering objects into synthetic groups is a natural activity of any science. Astrophysics is not an exception and is now facing a deluge of data. For galaxies, the one-century old Hubble classification and the Hubble tuning fork are still largely in use, together with numerous mono-or bivariate classifications most often made by eye. However, a classification must be driven by the data, and sophisticated multivariate statistical tools are used more and more often. In this paper we review these different approaches in order to situate them in the general context of unsupervised and supervised learning. We insist on the astrophysical outcomes of these studies to show that multivariate analyses provide an obvious path toward a renewal of our classification of galaxies and are invaluable tools to investigate the physics and evolution of galaxies.Comment: Open Access paper. http://www.frontiersin.org/milky\_way\_and\_galaxies/10.3389/fspas.2015.00003/abstract\>. \<10.3389/fspas.2015.00003 \&g

Peningkatan Produktivitas Kopi Arabika Gayo I dan II Berbasis Aplikasi Biourine dan Biokompos

Gayo Highlands region had a potential area for the development of Arabica coffee because of the topographical conditions of the land that support the cultivation of Gayo Arabica coffee, but production of plants ranges from 650–750 kg ha-1, lower than some existing varieties which reach 1,5–2 tons ha-1. One way to increase production is the application of biourine and biocompost. This study aimed to determine the effect of the application of biourine and biocompost technology packages on the growth and production of Gayo I and II Arabica coffee plants. This study used a factorial separate plot design (RPT) consisting of Arabica Gayo I (A1) and Gayo II (A2) with a dose of NPK 150 kg ha-1 (farmer/control treatment) (C1), 150 mL-1 (biourine) + 5 ton ha-1 (biocompost) + NPK 100 kg ha-1 (C2), 125 mL plant-1 (biourine) + 7.5 ton ha-1 (biocompost) + NPK 100 kg ha-1 (C3), and 100 mL plant-1 (biocompost) + 10 ton ha-1 (biocompost) + NPK 100 kg ha-1 (C4). The results of the observations were analyzed by ANOVA and 95% DMRT. The results showed that the doses of biourine and biocompost fertilizers did not have interaction with Gayo I and Gayo II Arabica coffee, but for independent treatment of biourine and bicompost fertilizers, the dosage significantly affected the production of Gayo Arabica coffee. Application of 100 mL ha-1(biourine) + 10 tons ha-1 (biocompost) + 100 kg ha-1 NPK (C4) was able to increase the Gayo Arabica Coffee production by 41% when compared with NPK fertilizers of 150 kg ha-1 without biourine and biocompost (C1). Regression analysis showed that the level of 80% of Gayo Arabica Coffee was affected by the different application of biocompost dosages. Keywords: Arabica Gayo, biourine, biocompost, productivit