Subklinik mastitisli Anadolu mandalarında epidermal büyüme faktörü değerlerinin (EGF) araştırılması

Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is a serious disease of farm animals. There are many studies on SCM that aim to make the diagnosis practical, economical and reliable. It was the aim of the present study comparison of epidermal growth factors (EGF) ratios in animals with and without subclinical mastitis as an indictor of SCM in Anatolian water buffaloes. A study was carried out in a total of on 35 milk samples from 20 healthy and 15 mastitic mammary quarters of clinical healthy and nonpregnant buffaloes. Samples were examined using California mastitis test (CMT) as cow side test to detect of SCM before being transferred to the laboratory. Microbiological culture was also performed to determine bacterial contamination. Level of EGF and somatic cell count (SCC) was determined in all samples. As a result of the comparison of the EGF concentration between the SCM (+) and SCM (-) groups, the SCM (+) group was found to be higher than the SCM (-) group. EGF tests may be a useful tool in determining subclinical mastitis.Subklinik mastitis (SKM), çiftlik hayvanlarının ciddi bir hastalığıdır. Subklinik mastitis tanısının pratik, ekonomik ve güvenilir olmasını amaçlayan birçok çalışma vardır. Bu çalışmada Anadolu mandalarında SKM'in bir göstergesi olarak subklinik mastitis olan ve olmayan hayvanlarda epidermal büyüme faktörleri (EGF) oranlarının karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma klinik olarak sağlıklı ve gebe olmayan 20 sağlıklı ve 15 mastitisli meme lobundan alınan toplam 35 süt örneğinde yürütülmüştür. Süt örnekleri alınır alınmaz, laboratuvara transferi gerçekleştirilmeden önce Kaliforniya mastitis test (CMT) ile saha koşullarında SKM tespiti yapıldı. Bakteriyel kontaminasyonu belirlemek amacıyla mikrobiyolojik kültür yapıldı. Tüm örneklerde EGF düzeyi ve somatik hücre sayısı (SCC) belirlendi. EGF konsantrasyonunun SKM (+) ve SKM (-) grupları arasındaki karşılaştırma sonucunda, SKM (+) grubunun SKM (-) grubundan daha yüksek olduğu bulundu. EGF testlerinin subklinik mastitisin belirlenmesinde yararlı bir araç olabileceği kanısına varılmıştır

MITF-MIR211 axis is a novel autophagy amplifier system during cellular stress

Macroautophagy (autophagy) is an evolutionarily conserved recycling and stress response mechanism. Active at basal levels in eukaryotes, autophagy is upregulated under stress providing cells with building blocks such as amino acids. A lysosome-integrated sensor system composed of RRAG GTPases and MTOR complex 1 (MTORC1) regulates lysosome biogenesis and autophagy in response to amino acid availability. Stress-mediated inhibition of MTORC1 results in the dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation of the TFE/MITF family of transcriptional factors, and triggers an autophagy- and lysosomal-related gene transcription program. The role of family members TFEB and TFE3 have been studied in detail, but the importance of MITF proteins in autophagy regulation is not clear so far. Here we introduce for the first time a specific role for MITF in autophagy control that involves upregulation of MIR211. We show that, under stress conditions including starvation and MTOR inhibition, a MITF-MIR211 axis constitutes a novel feed-forward loop that controls autophagic activity in cells. Direct targeting of the MTORC2 component RICTOR by MIR211 led to the inhibition of the MTORC1 pathway, further stimulating MITF translocation to the nucleus and completing an autophagy amplification loop. In line with a ubiquitous function, MITF and MIR211 were co-expressed in all tested cell lines and human tissues, and the effects on autophagy were observed in a cell-type independent manner. Thus, our study provides direct evidence that MITF has rate-limiting and specific functions in autophagy regulation. Collectively, the MITF-MIR211 axis constitutes a novel and universal autophagy amplification system that sustains autophagic activity under stress conditions.No sponso

Evaluation of nutritional status in pediatric intensive care unit patients: the results of a multicenter, prospective study in Turkey

IntroductionMalnutrition is defined as a pathological condition arising from deficient or imbalanced intake of nutritional elements. Factors such as increasing metabolic demands during the disease course in the hospitalized patients and inadequate calorie intake increase the risk of malnutrition. The aim of the present study is to evaluate nutritional status of patients admitted to pediatric intensive care units (PICU) in Turkey, examine the effect of nutrition on the treatment process and draw attention to the need for regulating nutritional support of patients while continuing existing therapies.Material and MethodIn this prospective multicenter study, the data was collected over a period of one month from PICUs participating in the PICU Nutrition Study Group in Turkey. Anthropometric data of the patients, calorie intake, 90-day mortality, need for mechanical ventilation, length of hospital stay and length of stay in intensive care unit were recorded and the relationship between these parameters was examined.ResultsOf the 614 patients included in the study, malnutrition was detected in 45.4% of the patients. Enteral feeding was initiated in 40.6% (n = 249) of the patients at day one upon admission to the intensive care unit. In the first 48 h, 86.82% (n = 533) of the patients achieved the target calorie intake, and 81.65% (n = 307) of the 376 patients remaining in the intensive care unit achieved the target calorie intake at the end of one week. The risk of mortality decreased with increasing upper mid-arm circumference and triceps skin fold thickness Z-score (OR = 0.871/0.894; p = 0.027/0.024). The risk of mortality was 2.723 times higher in patients who did not achieve the target calorie intake at first 48 h (p = 0.006) and the risk was 3.829 times higher in patients who did not achieve the target calorie intake at the end of one week (p = 0.001). The risk of mortality decreased with increasing triceps skin fold thickness Z-score (OR = 0.894; p = 0.024).ConclusionTimely and appropriate nutritional support in critically ill patients favorably affects the clinical course. The results of the present study suggest that mortality rate is higher in patients who fail to achieve the target calorie intake at first 48 h and day seven of admission to the intensive care unit. The risk of mortality decreases with increasing triceps skin fold thickness Z-score

Primary Malignant Tumors of the Eyelids

Pur po se: To evaluate the clinical and histopathological features of primary malignant tumors of the eyelids as well as the results of the surgical procedures performed. Ma te ri al and Met hod: Fifty-one patients, who had lesions proven to be malignant by histopathological examination, were retrospectively evaluated for age, localization, clinical and histopathological diagnosis, surgical technique, perioperative and postoperative complications. Re sults: Of 51 patients, twenty three (45%) were male and 28 (55%) were female with a mean age of 62.5 (range: 35-80) years. The histopathological results of the excisional biopsy materials revealed basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in 38 (74.5%), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in 10 (19.6%), malignant melanoma (MM) in 1 (1.96%), sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC) in 1 (1.96%), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in 1 (1.96%) patient. In 76.5% (n=39) of the eyelid malignancies, histopathological examination results were in concordance with the clinical diagnosis. In 9 (17.6%) cases, residual tumour cells were detected. The recurrence rate in all cases was 3.92%, while it was 2.63% for BCC and 10% for SCC. Dis cus si on: BCC and SCC were the most common tumors in the eyelids. Surgical excision and histopathological evaluation are the best diagnostic and treatment procedure if a proper selection of the patients is done. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2012; 42: 412-7

The Effect of Different Storage Temperature on Sperm Parameters and DNA Damage in Liquid Stored New Zealand Rabbit Spermatozoa

The effect of two different temperatures (4 degrees C and 15 degrees C) on motility, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome abnormality and DNA damage of rabbit spermatozoa was evaluated at 0 and 24 h of liquid storage. Ejaculates collected from six New Zealand male rabbits by artificial vagina and pooled at 37 degrees C following evaluation. Pooled ejaculate was divided into two equal aliquots and diluted with the Tris based semen extender at a final concentration of approximately 40x10(6) sperms/ml in a Eppendorf plastic tube. There were no significant differences in the percentage of above mentioned parameters between 4 degrees C or 15 degrees C at the beginning of liquid storage (0 h). The percentages of motility (75.0+/-1.83%) and plasma membrane functional integrity (71.2+/-1.14%) at 15 degrees C was significantly better than that of liquid stored semen at 4 degrees C (67.9+/-1.01% and 65.3+/-1.38%, P<0.05, respectively) at 24 h of storage. The percentage of acrosome abnormality at 24 h wasn't affected by the different storage temperature. The influence of storage temperature and the length of time on spermatozoa DNA damage was found statistically significant (P<0.001). The storage period for up to 24 h lead to an increase in the percentage of spermatozoa DNA damage (P<0.001). The percentages of DNA damage at 4 degrees C was statistically higher than 15 degrees C (P<0.001). In conclusion, 15 degrees C may be prefered when liquid stored rabbit semen are used for 24 h

İzole dudak-damak yarıklı Türk çocuk hastaların bölgesel dağılımı ve olası bölgesel etkiler

Amaç: İzole dudak-damak yarıkları multifaktöriyel anomaliler arasında yer almaktadır. Bu retrospektif-tanımlayıcı çalışmada izole dudak-damak yarıklı Türk çocuk hastaların Türkiye’deki bölgesel dağılımlarını inceleyerek bölgesel ve yaşam tarzlarının, anomalinin oluşmasındaki olası etkilerini saptamayı amaçladık. Yöntem: Temmuz 2006-Haziran 2010 yılları arasında doğum yapan yarık dudak- damaklı çocukların annelerinden; kökenleri, vitamin alımı dahil beslenme alışkanlıkları, iş ve yaşam biçimleri hakkında bilgi toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Bölgesel olarak incelendiğinde Türkiye’nin doğu bölgelerinde izole dudak- damak yarık vakalarının diğer bölgelere göre daha yüksek sayıda olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Etkilenen erkek çocukların kız çocuklara oranının 154/136 olduğu saptanmıştır. Annelerin doğum anlarındaki ortalama yaşının ise 24,7 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmamıza katılan anneler hayatları boyunca alkol veya sigara kullanmamıştır. Sonuç: Beslenme alışkanlıkları ve yaşam standartları bölgesel olarak değişmektedir ve bu değişimlerin izole dudak-damak yarık oluşumu üzerine etkileri vardır. Ancak sorumlu farklılıkların saptanabilmesi için daha detaylı çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır

Pulmonary Parasitic Embolization Caused by Micro Ruptured Hydatid Cyst: An Autopsy Case Mikrorüptüre Kist Hidatik Kaynaklı Pulmoner Parazitik Embolizasyon: Bir Otopsi Olgusu

Echinococcosis generally remains asymptomatic for many years, but it can also be fatal if complications like cyst rupture or superinfection occur. It is highly uncommon for a macroscopically non-ruptured cyst to cause death, and its exact mechanism is unknown. In the literature, there are several cases with identical characteristics diagnosed by autopsy. This autopsy case has illustrated the death due to a micro ruptured hydatid cyst. The deceased's lung underwent microscopic inspection, and it revealed broad intraalveolar hemorrhage, edema, severe hyperemia, neutrophil stasis in the interstitial capillary lumens, and a large number of parasites in the capillary lumen. Anaphylaxis against cyst contents that leaked into the bloodstream from liver cysts and non-thrombotic pulmonary embolization were shown to be the causes of mortality. In countries where echinococcosis is endemic, echinococcosis should be considered in all cases of anaphylaxis and sudden death