THE PSYCHOLOGICAL BURDEN OF CAREGIVER WITH A FAMILY MEMBERS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Introduction: Mental health is still one of the significant health problem in the world, including in Indonesia. Approximately 90% of schizophrenic lives with family hence the role of caregiver in the family felt important. The growing burden and caregiver tasks can cause the incidence of psychological distress such as depression, stress and anxiety. Methods: Literature searches with the keyword do in some of the major databases such as Proquest, Scopus, and Google Scholar with the limitation of the time used is the journal from January 2011 until February 2018. Results: As many as thirteen research raised in this study, almost all of which state that the psychological burden felt by the caregiver are described with stress, depression and anxiety that is on moderate to high level. Conclusion: Caring for families with psychiatric raises the psychological problems on caregiver, this thing needs to get the handling to lower the psychological burden experienced by caregiver, with decreased psychological burden expected caregiver can take care of with a maximum

HISTORICAL BASED LEARNING: INOVASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS ANDRAGOGI

Abstrak: Tujuan penulisan artikel ini yakni untuk membuat inovasi model pembelajaran sejarah pada mata kuliah Sejarah Indonesia Masa Hindu dan Buddha sehingga tujuan pembelajaran dapat tercapai. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif. Data diperoleh dari hasil wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada lima prinsip andragogi yakni (1) adanya identifikasi kebutuhan; (2) materi yang menarik, (3) berbasis masalah, (4) memanfaatkan sumber belajar, (5) belajar yang bermakna. Lima prinsip andragogi bisa memunculkan inovasi dalam pembelajaran yakni disebut dengan model Historical Based Learning. Dalam model Historical Based Learning ada tujuh langkah dalam pembelajarannya yakni; (1) menentukan materi, (2) membentuk kelompok, (3) heuristic, (4) kritik, (5) interpretasi, (6) historiografi, (7) evaluasi.Abstract: The purpose of writing this article is to create an innovative historical learning model in the course of Indonesian History of the Hindu and Buddhist Period so that learning objectives can be achieved. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. Data were obtained from interviews, observations and documentation. The results showed that there are five principles of andragogy, namely (1) identification of needs; (2) interesting material, (3) problem-based, (4) utilizing learning resources, (5) meaningful learning. The five principles of andragogy can lead to innovation in learning, which is called the Historical Based Learning model. In the Historical Based Learning model there are seven steps in learning, namely; (1) determining the material, (2) forming groups, (3) heuristic, (4) criticism, (5) interpretation, (6) historiography, (7) evaluation

Liberalisme dan Monetisasi Ekonomi di Hindia Belanda (1870-1900)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahu proses berlangsung liberalisme di Hindia Belanda, serta pemberlakuan ekonomi uang (monetisasi) dan dampaknya bagi kehidupan masyarakat pribumi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sejarah yang terdiri atas heuristik, kritik, interpretasi dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa liberalisme di Hindia-Belanda mulai berlaku 1870 dengan dikeluarkannya Undang-undang Agraria, yang mengatur tentang penyewaan tanah milik pribumi. Dampaknya banyak investor asing baik dari eropa dan cina berbondong-bondong datang mengambil bagian untuk mendirikan perusahaan, begitu pula kaum pribumi namun hanya terbatas pada golongan bangsawan. Pemberlakuan sistem ekonomi liberal juga berdampak pada lahirinya sistem ekonomi uang (monetisasi ekonomi) yang menyebabkan masyarakat memiliki ketergantungan tinggi terhadap uang yang menimbulkan masalah sosial lain seperti peningkatan kemiskinan, kejahatan, perjudian,  konsumsi candu (kokain), seks bebas hingga terlilit jerat utang piutang

Determination of colorant type in yellow tofu using Vis-NIR and SW-NIR spectroscopy

Abstract A method that can detect colorant type in food is requisite against illegal practices that used non-food-grade colorants in food. In this study colorant types of yellow tofu were identified using visible near-infrared (Vis-NIR) and shortwave near-infrared spectra (SW-NIR) spectroscopy. Chemometrics analysis using partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) were used to classify natural colorants, non-food-grade colorants, and food-grade colorants in yellow tofu. The best model obtained using Vis-NIR had calibration accuracy and reliability of 100% for both PCA-LDA and PLS-DA. The best model yielded by SW-NIR had calibration accuracy of 76% and 28% reliability for PLS-DA, and accuracy of 92% and 76% reliability for PCA-LDA. The result showed that Vis-NIR spectroscopy was superior to SW-NIR spectroscopy to distinguish the colorant type used in yellow tofu. Moreover, PCA-LDA yielded better accuracy and reliability compared to PLS-DA