Anatomia foliar e do pedúnculo floral de plantas de morangueiro (Fragaria x ananassa) "Sequoia" tratadas com fitoreguladores

This paper describes the effects of the growth regulators, gibberellic acid (30 ppm) , naphtalene acetic acid (30 ppm), the biostimulants Ergostim (30 ppm) and Atonik (30 ppm) on the anatomical features of foliar and floral stalk of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) "Sequóia". Three weekly applications of 10 ppm were studies. They started just after plants began blooming. The leaves (lamina and petiole) and the floral stalk harvested from three plants after the last pulverization. The histological studies were carried out by preparing and observing plant material slides. Observations of the plant slides allowed us to conclude that every leaf apex and marginal serration had a terminal hydathode region. The leaf blade was amphistomatic with anomocytics stomata. There were two types of trichomes: non-glandular and glandular. On the abaxial side, there were some structures similar to a lenticel. The mesophyll was dorsiventral. The venation pattern conformed to camptodromous type. The petiole had an uniseriate epidermis with stomata and trichomes, an annular collenchyma, some parenchyma cells with druses and the collateral bundles arranged in a descontinuous cylinder. The floral stalk anatomy different to the petiole because it had a continuous perivascular fibre ring and the vascular cylinder was almost continuous. The anatomy structure of the treated plants was not affected by growth regulators.O presente estudo teve por objetivo descrever a anatomia foliar e do pedúnculo floral do morangueiro "Sequóia" a fim de verificar os efeitos dos reguladores vegetais, ácido giberélico (GA3) e ácido naftalenoacético (NAA), e dos bioestimulantes Ergostim e Atonik, sobre as características anatômicas das plantas tratadas. A dose total empregada dos quatro produtos foi de 30 ppm, parcelada em três pulverizações, iniciadas após o início do florescimento. Foram analisadas amostras de folhas (limbo e pecíolo) e o pedúnculo floral de 3 repetições. As análises histológicas foram feitas mediante o preparo e observação de lâminas de material fresco ou fixado. A análise da folha adulta revela a presença de hidatódios nas extremidades denteadas do limbo. A lâmina foliar é anfiestomática, com estômatos do tipo anomocítico. Ocorrem dois tipos de tricomas: tectores e glandulares. Na epiderme abaxial podem estar presentes estruturas semelhantes à lenti-celas. O mesofilo é dorsiventral. O padrão de venação é do tipo nervatio camptodroma arqueada típica. O pecíolo apresenta estômatos e tricomas cujas características se assemelham ao do limbo; abaixo da epiderme há um colênquima do tipo anelar; no parênquima fundamental há idioblastos contendo drusas e outros que contém compostos fenólicos; o cilindro vascular é descontínuo formando um arco, constituído de feixes do tipo colateral aberto envolvido por uma bainha parenquimática amilífera. Os elementos traqueais do xilema são espiralados. O pedúnculo floral apresenta epiderme com tricomas, colênquima do tipo anelar, um anel contínuo de fibras perivasculares e cilindro vascular descontínuo interrompido por raios medulares estreitos. Os produtos testados não alteraram a estrutura anatômica dos morangueiros "Sequóia", na dose empregada

Embryogenic responses of Vitis spp.: Effects of genotype and polyvinylpyrrolidone

Somatic embryos were obtained from leaf discs excised from cv. Seyve Villard 5276 (Vitis sp.) and from a Brazilian interspecific hybrid derived from Madalena (Vitis sp.) and Magnolia (V. rotundifolia). Experimental procedures were conducted according to HARST (1995) except that phenylalanine was replaced by polyvinylpyrrolidone which improved the embryogenic response of cultivar SV-5276. Standard somatic embryogenesis was confirmed by histological and ultrastructural analysis which also revealed teratological embryonic development. Secondary embryos were observed and documented by scanning microscop

Comparative morpho-anatomical studies of the lesions caused by citrus leprosis virus on sweet orange

The leprosis disease shows a viral etiology and the citrus leprosis virus is considered its etiologic agent. The disease may show two types of cytopatologic symptom caused by two virus: nuclear (CiLV-N) and cytoplasmic (CiLV-C) types. The aim of this study was to compare the morpho-anatomical differences in the lesions caused by leprosis virus-cytoplasmic and nuclear types in Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck ?Pêra?. Leaf and fruit lesions were collected in Piracicaba/São Paulo (cytoplasmic type) and Monte Alegre do Sul/São Paulo and Amparo/São Paulo (nuclear type). The lesions were photographed and then fixed in Karnovsky solution, dehydrated in a graded ethylic series, embedded in hydroxy-ethyl methacrylate resin (Leica Historesin), sectioned (5?m thick), stained and mounted in synthetic resin. The digital images were acquired in a microscope with digital video camera. Leaf and fruit lesions caused by the two viruses were morphologically distinct. Only the lesion caused by CiLV-N virus presented three well-defined regions. In both lesions there was the accumulation of lipidic substances in necrotic areas that were surrounded by cells with amorphous or droplets protein. Only leaf and fruit lesions caused by CiLV-N virus exhibited traumatic gum ducts in the vascular bundles.Disponivel em: .Acesso em: 18 out. 2010

Morpho-anatomy Of The Subterranean System Of Calea Verticillata (klatt) Pruski And Isostigma Megapotamicum (spreng.) Sherff - Asteraceae [morfo-anatomia Do Sistema Subterrâneo De Calea Verticillata (klatt) Pruski E Isostigma Megapotamicum (spreng.) Sherff - Asteraceae]

Several herbaceous species from "cerrado" (savana like vegetation) have thickened subterranean systems, which may be of root and/or stem nature. These systems have bud shoot-forming potential, providing the sprout of new shoots after an adverse period, like a severe drought or a burning. The verification of the subterranean systems nature is extremely important to the correct terminology usage. This work aimed to present information about subterranean systems morphology and anatomy of Calea verticillata and Isostigma megapotamicum, placing emphasis on the shoot-buds development. The subterranean systems were collected from "cerrado" areas of São Paulo State. The anatomical structure in C. verticillata is of both stem and root nature, with self-grafting of both shoots and roots, whereas in I. megapotamicum, the anatomical structure is caulinar, with self-grafting of shoots. Both species are composed of xylopodium with a high bud shoot-forming potential, whose buds are exclusively formed in the cambium. Secretory ducts occur in these species. The microchemical test, accomplished with Sudan black B, stained the oily nature of the secretion. Crystals of inulin were visualized by polarized light in I. megapotamicum. The high bud shoot-forming potential, present in the subterranean systems of both species here analyzed, improves their survival perspectives when they are submitted to the "cerrado" adverse conditions, by providing the sprouting of new shoots in favourable periods.2913947Appezzato-Da-Glória, B., (2003) Morfologia de Sistemas Subterrâneos: Histórico e Evolução Do Conhecimento No Brasil, , Ed. Alexandre Sene Pinto, Ribeirão PretoAppezzato-Da-Glória, B., Estelita, M.E.M., Caracteres anatômicos da propagação vegetativa de Mandevilla illustris (Vell.) Woodson e de M. velutina (Mart. ex Stadelm.) Woodson - Apocynaceae (1995) Anais Do IX Congresso Da Sociedade Botânica de São Paulo, pp. 5-13. , Ilha SolteiraAppezzato-Da-Glória B, Estelita, M.E.M., The developmental anatomy of the subterranean system in Mandevilla illustris (Vell.) Woodson and M. velutina (Mart. ex Stadelm.) Woodson (Apocynaceae) (2000) Revista Brasileira de Botânica, 23, pp. 7-35Castro, M.M., Leitão Filho, H.F., Monteiro, W.R., Utilização de estruturas secretoras na identificaç ão dos gêneros de Asteraceae de uma vegetação de Cerrado (1997) Revista Brasileira de Botânica, 20, pp. 163-174Dietrich, S.M.C., Figueiredo-Ribeiro, R.C.L., Organos subterraneos y propagacion vegetativa en plantas de los cerrados brasileros (1985) Medio Ambiente, 7, pp. 45-52Figueiredo, R.C.L., Sobre a anatomia dos órgãos vegetativos de Ocimum nudicaule Benth. (Labiatae) (1972) Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 44, pp. 549-570Figueiredo-Ribeiro, R.C.L., Dietrich, S.M.S., Chu, E.P., Machado De Carvalho, M.A., Vieira, C.C.J., Graziano, T.T., Reserve carbohydrates in underground organs of native Brazilian plants (1986) Revista Brasileira de Botânica, 9, pp. 159-166Ficher, D.B., Protein staining of ribboned epon sections for light microscopy (1968) Histochemie, 16, pp. 92-96Gerlach, D., (1984) Botanische Mikrotechnik, , Thieme Verlag, StuttgartJensen, W.A., (1962) Botanical Histochemistry: Principle and Practice, , W. H. Freeman, San FranciscoJohansen, D.A., (1940) Plant Microtechnique, , McGraw-Hill Book Company, New YorkLindman, C.A.M., (1906) A Vegetação No Rio Grande Do Sul, , Loefgren, Porto AlegreMantovani, W., Martins, F.R., Variações fenológicas das espécies de cerrado da reserva Biológica de Moji-Guaçú, São Paulo (1988) Revista Brasileira de Botânica, 11, pp. 101-112Melo-De-Pinna, G.F.A., Menezes, N.L., Meristematic endodermis and secretory structures in adventitious roots of Richterago Kuntze (Mutisieae-Asteraceae) (2003) Revista Brasileira de Botânica, 26, pp. 1-10Menezes, N.L., Handro, W., Mello Campos, J.F.B., Estudos anatômicos em Pfaffia jubata Mart (1969) Boletim Da Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras Da Universidade de São Paulo, 331 (Botânica), 24, pp. 197-237Paviani, T.I., Estudo morfológico e anatômico de Brasilia sickii G.M. Barroso: I (1972) Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 32, pp. 451-472Paviani, T.I., Estudo morfológico e anatômico de Brasilia sickii G. M. Barroso. II: Anatomia da raiz, do xilopódio e do caule (1977) Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 37, pp. 307-324Paviani, T.I., Anatomia vegetal e cerrado (1978) Ciência e Cultura, 30, pp. 1076-1086Paviani, T.I., Anatomia do desenvolvimento do xilopódio de Brasilia sickii G. M. Barroso. Estágio inicial (1987) Ciência e Cultura, 39, pp. 399-405Paviani, T.I., Haridasan, M., Tuberosidade em Vochysia thyrsoidea Pohl (Vochysiaceae) (1988) Ciência e Cultura, 40, pp. 998-1003Rachid, M., Transpiração e sistemas subterrâneos da vegetação de verão dos campos Cerrados de Emas (1947) Boletim Da Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras Da Universidade de São Paulo, 80 (Botânica), 5, pp. 5-140Rawitscher, F., Rachid, M., Troncos subterrâneos de plantas brasileiras (1946) Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 18, pp. 261-280Rawitscher, F., Ferri, M.G., Rachid, M., Profundidade dos solos e vegetação em campos cerrados do Brasil Meridional (1943) Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 15, pp. 267-294Rizzini, C.T., O fator edáfico na formação do xilopódio de Mimosa multipinna Benth (1963) Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 35, pp. 75-77Rizzini, C.T., Estudos experimentais sobre o xilopódio e outros órgãos tuberosos de plantas do cerrado (1965) Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 37, pp. 87-113Rizzini, C.T., Heringer, E.P., Underground organs of plants from some southern Brazilian savannas, with special reference to the xylopodium (1961) Phyton, 17, pp. 105-124Rizzini, C.T., Heringer, E.P., Studies on the underground organs of trees and shrubs from some southern Brazilian savannas (1962) Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 34, pp. 235-247Rizzini, C.T., Heringer, E.P., Estudo sobre os sistemas subterrâneos difusos de plantas campestres (1966) Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 38, pp. 85-112Sakai, W.S., Simple method for differential staining of paraffin embedded plant material using toluidine blue O (1973) Stain Technology, 48, pp. 247-249Sass, J.E., (1951) Botanical Microtechnique, , Iowa State University, AmesStrasburger, E., (1913) Handbook of Practical Botany, , George Allen, LondonTertuliano, M.F., Figueiredo-Ribeiro, R.C.L., Distribution of fructose polymers in herbaceous species of Asteraceae from the cerrado (1993) New Phytologist, 123, pp. 741-749Weis, K.G., Polito, V.S., Labavitch, J.M., Microfluorometry of pectic materials in the dehiscence zone of almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) DA Webb) fruits (1988) Journal of Histochemistry and Citochemistry, 36, pp. 1037-104

Morpho-anatomy Of The Tuberous Root Of Vernonia Oxylepis Sch. Bip. In Mart. Ex Baker - Asteraceae [morfoanatomia Da Raiz Tuberosa De Vernonia Oxylepis Sch. Bip. In Mart. Ex Baker - Asteraceae]

Several native herbaceous and subshrub species native to the Cerrado in Brazil are geophytes, that is, they survive the unfavorable dry season and low temperatures, that sometimes coincide with fire, with only the underground system intact. Vernonia oxylepis is one of these species and the aim of this study was to describe the morpho-anatomy of the tuberous root and bud formation on this structure. The main axis of this root is perpendicular to the soil surface, and from which aerial shoots arise periodically throughout the life cycle. On the upper portion of the root, self-grafting of the shoots occurs. The root stores lipids and fructans, exhibits contraction and produces reparatory buds; adventitious buds arise from proliferated pericycle. These characteristics may be related to adaptation of this species to conditions in the Cerrado.203591598Alberdi, M., Bravo, L.A., Gutiérrez, A., Gidekel, M., Corcuera, L.J., Ecophysiology of Antarctic vascular plants (2002) Physiologia Plantarum, 115, pp. 479-486Almeida, A.M., Fonseca, C.R., Padro, P.I., Almeida Neto, M., Diniz, S., Kubota, U., Braun, M.R., Lewinsohn, T.M., Diversidade e ocorrência de Asteraceae em cerrados de São Paulo (2005) Biota Neotropica, 5 (2). , http://www.biotaneotropica.org.brAppezzato-da-Glória, B., (2003) Morfologia de sistemas subterrâneos: Histórico e evolução do conhecimento, , Brasil. Ribeirão Preto, Ed. Alexandre Sene PintoAppezzato-da-Glória, B. & Estelita, M.E.M. 1995. Caracteres anatômicos da propagação vegetativa de Mandevilla illustris (Vell.) Woodson e de M. velutina (Mart. ex Stadelm.) Woodson - Apocynaceae. Pp. 5-13. In: Anais do IX Congresso da Sociedade Botânica de São Paulo. Ilha Solteira 1995. Ilha Solteira, SBSPAppezzato-da-Glória, B., Estelita, M.E.M., The developmental anatomy of the subterranean system in Mandevilla illustris (Vell.) Woodson and M. velutina (Mart. ex Stadelm.) Woodson (Apocynaceae) (2000) Revista Brasileira de Botânica, 23, pp. 7-35Asega, A.F., Carvalho, M.A.M., Fructan metabolising enzymes in rhizophores of Vernonia herbacea upon excision of aerial organs (2004) Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 42, pp. 313-319Bosela, M.J., Ewers, F.W., The mode of origin of root buds and root sprouts in the clonal tree Sassafras albidum (Lauraceae) (1997) American Journal of Botany, 84, pp. 1466-1481Estelita-Teixeira, M.E., Desenvolvimento anatômico do sistema subterrâneo de Oxalis latifolia Kunth (Oxalidaceae) -II- Sistema Radicular (1978) Boletim Botânica, Universidade de São Paulo, 6, pp. 27-38Figueiredo-Ribeiro, R.C.L., Dietrich, S.M.S., Chu, E.P., Carvalho, M.A.M., Vieira, C.C.J., Graziano, T.T., Reserve carbohydrates in underground organs of native Brazilian plants (1986) Revista Brasileira de Botânica, 9, pp. 159-166Figueiredo-Ribeiro, R.C.L., Distribuição, aspectos estruturais e funcionais dos frutanos, com ênfase em plantas herbáceas do cerrado (1993) Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia Vegetal, 5, pp. 203-208Hayashi, A.H., Penha, A.S., Rodrigues, R.R., Appezzatoda- Glória, B., Anatomical studies of shoot budforming roots of Brazilian tree species (2001) Australian Journal of Botany, 49, pp. 745-751Hayashi, A.H., Appezzato-da-Glória, B., The origin and anatomy of rhizophores in Vernonia herbacea and V. platensis (Asteraceae) from Brazilian Cerrado (2005) Australian Journal of Botany, 53, pp. 273-279Jensen, W.A., (1962) Botanical histochemistry: Principle and practice, , San Francisco, W.H. FreemanJohansen, D.A., (1940) Plant microtechnique, , New York, McGraw-Hill Book CompanyMachado, S.R., Oliveira, D.M.T., Dip, M.R., Menezes, N.L., Morfoanatomia do sistema subterrâneo de Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp. & Endl.) H. Robinson (Asteraceae) (2004) Revista Brasileira de Botânica, 27, pp. 115-123Melo-de-Pinna, G.F.A., Menezes, N.L., Meristematic endodermis and secretory structures in adventitious roots of Richterago Kuntze (Mutisieae-Asteraceae) (2003) Revista Brasileira de Botânica, 26, pp. 1-10Paviani, T.I. 1972. Estudo morfológico e anatômico de Brasilia sickii G.M. Barroso: I. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 32: 451-472Paviani, T.I., Estudo morfológico e anatômico de Brasilia sickii G.M. Barroso. II: Anatomia da raiz, do xilopódio e do caule (1977) Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 37, pp. 307-324Paviani, T.I., Anatomia vegetal e cerrado (1978) Ciência e Cultura, 30, pp. 1076-1086Paviani, T.I., Anatomia do desenvolvimento do xilopódio de Brasilia sickii G.M. Barroso. Estágio inicial (1987) Ciência e Cultura, 39, pp. 399-405Raju, M.V.S., Coupland, R.T., Steeves, T.A., On the occurrence of root buds on perennial plants in Saskatchewan (1966) Canadian Journal of Botany, 44, pp. 33-37Rizzini, C.T., Heringer, E.P., Underground organs of plants from some southern Brazilian savannas, with special reference to the xylopodium (1961) Phyton, 17, pp. 105-124Rizzini, C.T., Estudos experimentais sobre o xilopódio e outros órgãos tuberosos de plantas do cerrado (1965) Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 37, pp. 87-113Sajo, M.G., Menezes, N.L., Anatomia do rizóforo de espécies de Vernonia Schreb. (Compositae), da Serra do Cipó, MG (1986) Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 46, pp. 189-196Sajo, M.G., Menezes, N.L., Origem e crescimento do rizóforo em espécies de Vernonia Schreb. (Compositae) da Serra do Cipó, MG (1986) Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 46, pp. 197-202Sakai, W.S., Simple method for differential staining of paraffin embedded plant material using toluidine blue O (1973) Stain Technology, 48, pp. 247-249Strasburger, E., (1913) Handbook of practical botany, , 7th ed. London, George AllenTertuliano, M.F., Figueiredo-Ribeiro, R.C.L., Distribution of fructose polymers in herbaceous species of Asteraceae from the cerrado (1993) New Phytologist, 123, pp. 741-749Vijn, I., Smeekens, S., Fructan: More than a reserve carhohydrate? (1999) Plant Physiology, 120, pp. 351-35

Anatomy of vegetative organs with an emphasis on the secretory structures of two species of Aldama (Asteraceae-Heliantheae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Aldama arenaria (Baker) E.E. Schill. & Panero and Aldama robusta (Gardner) E.E. Schill. & Panero are aromatic plants, morphologically very similar and usually confused on the analysis of exsiccates. The present study aimed to identify the secretory structures present in vegetative organs and to survey for anatomical features with diagnostic value between A. arenaria and A. robusta based on an examination of these organs. Aldama arenaria and A. robusta exhibit hydathodes in the dentate ornamentations of the leaf margins and apices in addition to glandular trichomes, secretory cavities and ducts, all of which vary with respect to type and location in each species. Xylopodia and adventitious roots constitute the underground system. The xylopodium is covered by epidermis or by suberised cells resulting from periclinal divisions of parenchyma cells. The tuberisation process of adventitious roots results mainly from hypertrophy and hyperplasia of medullary cells, especially in A. arenaria. Through anatomical analysis, useful features for distinction between A. arenaria and A. robusta in exsiccates and fresh materials were identified, and these features were related mainly to the position and frequency of secretory structures.916335342Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)CNPq [302776/2010-9]FAPESP [2010/51454-3, 2010/02005-1

New insights into the in vitro organogenesis process: the case of Passiflora

We present evidences that ultrastructural electron microscope findings are valuable ways to understand the in vitro regeneration process, in particular in the yellow passion fruit. Shoot-regeneration was induced in hypocotyl and leaf-derived explants using 4.44 mu M BAP, and the entire organogenic process was analyzed using conventional histology, scanning and transmission electronic microscopy. Both direct and indirect regeneration modes were observed in hypocotyl explants, but only direct regeneration occurred in leaf-derived cultures. In the direct pathway from both explant types, meristemoids developed into globular structures, here called protuberances. The peripheral meristematic layers of the protuberances displayed ultrastructural characteristics indicative of a high metabolic activity, and only these cells originated shoots and leaf primordia, the latter being frequent when leaf explants were used. Moreover, the peripheral cells of the protuberances derived from leaf explants lost adhesion during the culture, diminishing the regeneration rates. We recommend the use of hypocotyls as a source of explant to obtain shoots as well as a genetic transformation system for the yellow passion fruit. However, the direct pathway is preferred because a type of amitosis occurred in the peripheral cells of hypocotyl-derived calli, which has the potential to result in genetic instability of the regenerating plants/tissue.911374

Anatomical studies of shoot bud-forming roots of Brazilian tree species

The present study is the first confirmation of the presence of shoot sprouts on roots in tree species of the Brazilian tropical forest, as these underground systems are usually only analysed by external gross morphological observations. The shoot-bearing roots of seven species, collected in a forest block frequently affected by fire, were sectioned and analysed for the number of primary xylem ridges, stele type and reserve compounds. Starch was the predominant reserve compound and occurred in different quantities among the species. The epicormic shoot buds, which arise spontaneously on root cuttings or plants subjected to fire, were analysed in two of the studied species. These buds showed different sites of origin but were considered epicormic (reparative) since they did not carry bud traces along the secondary xylem during their early development. Shoot bud formation on root systems is generally associated with disturbed environments, and confirmation that sprouting from roots does occur may modify many aspects of our appreciation of the community dynamics of forest species and models that define how we manage and rehabilitate Brazilian forest fragments.49674575