Dependência nicotínica nos transtornos mentais, relação com indicadores clínicos e o sentido para o usuário

OBJETIVO: identificar o grau de dependência nicotínica entre esquizofrênicos e portadores de outros transtornos mentais, internados em hospital geral, correlacionando esses índices com indicadores clínicos e o sentido para o usuário. MÉTODO: estudo realizado em unidade psiquiátrica de hospital geral, entrevistando 270 portadores de transtorno mental com questionário e aplicação do teste de Fagerström. Realizaram-se análise estatística descritiva dos dados e análise temática do conteúdo. RESULTADOS: dentre os 270 portadores de transtorno mental, 35,6% eram tabagistas e 53,2% com dependência nicotínica elevada ou muito elevada. Dos 96 tabagistas, 32 (33,3%) eram esquizofrênicos, dentre os quais 59,4% tinham dependência elevada ou muito elevada. Maior dependência também foi encontrada entre 59 idosos (61,5%) e 60 sujeitos com comorbidades somáticas (62,5%). Significados do tabagismo para os sujeitos: ajuda esquecer problemas e enfrentar conflitos diários, alivia efeitos colaterais das medicações, autocontrole, distração, faz parte da vida. CONCLUSÃO: a dependência do tabaco, mais intensa entre esquizofrênicos, é justificada por ajudá-los a enfrentar as dificuldades da doença. Enfermeiros ocupam posição estratégica no cuidado.OBJETIVO: identificar el grado de dependencia nicotínica entre esquizofrénicos y pacientes de otros trastornos mentales, internados en hospital general, correlacionando estos índices con indicadores clínicos y el sentido para el usuario. MÉTODO: estudio realizado en unidad psiquiátrica de hospital general, entrevistando 270 pacientes de trastorno mental con cuestionario y aplicando la prueba de Fagerstrom. Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo de los datos y el análisis temático del contenido. RESULTADOS: entre los 270 pacientes de trastorno mental, 35,6% eran fumadores; 53,2% con dependencia nicotínica elevada o muy elevada. De los 96 fumadores, 32 (33,3%) eran esquizofrénicos, entre los cuales 59,4% tenían dependencia elevada o muy elevada. Mayor dependencia también fue encontrada entre 59 ancianos (61,5%) y 60 sujetos con enfermedades concomitantes somáticas (62,5%). Significados del tabaquismo para los sujetos: ayuda a olvidar problemas y enfrentar conflictos diarios; alivia efectos colaterales de los medicamentos; autocontrol; distracción; y, hace parte de la vida. CONCLUSIÓN: la dependencia del tabaco, más intensa entre esquizofrénicos, es justificada porque los ayuda a enfrentar las dificultades de la enfermedad. Los enfermeros ocupan una posición estratégica en el cuidado.OBJECTIVE: to identify the degree of nicotine dependence among patients with schizophrenia and other mental disorders hospitalized in a general hospital, correlating these indices with clinical indicators and the meaning for the user. METHOD: the study was performed in the psychiatric unit of a general hospital, interviewing 270 patients with mental disorders using a questionnaire and the application of the Fagerstrom test. A descriptive statistical analysis of the data and thematic analysis of the content were performed. RESULTS: among the 270 patients with mental disorders, 35.6% were smokers; of whom, 53.2% presented high or very high nicotine dependence. Of the 96 smokers, 32 (33.3%) were schizophrenic, among whom, 59.4% presented high or very high dependence. Higher levels of dependence were also found among the 59 elderly people (61.5%) and 60 subjects with somatic comorbidities (62.5%). Meanings of smoking for the subjects: helps to forget problems and face daily conflicts; alleviates side effects of the medications; self-control; distraction; part of life. CONCLUSION: more intense tobacco dependence among schizophrenic patients is justified due to it helping them to cope with the difficulties of the disease. Nurses occupy a strategic position in the care

La realidad del vivir con esquizofrenia

Objetivou-se entender a realidade do viver com esquizofrenia a partir do relato de quem a vivencia. Foram realizadas entrevistas com dez portadores de esquizofrenia internados em hospital geral, diagnosticados com o transtorno há, no mínimo, cinco anos. Para a análise do conteúdo das entrevistas foi utilizada a análise temática. Foi identificada a categoria "Convivendo com a esquizofrenia" e seis temas que abordam o conhecimento da doença, os sintomas, a difícil convivência, o estigma, a família e a religião. Esta pesquisa pode permitir a ampliação do olhar para os portadores de esquizofrenia, uma vez que o conhecimento sobre a doença e suas implicações ocorreram a partir da perspectiva de quem vivencia cotidianamente este sofrimento

Statement of Second Brazilian Congress of Mechanical Ventilarion : part I

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ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Nicotine dependence in the mental disorders, relationship with clinical indicators, and the meaning for the user

OBJECTIVE: to identify the degree of nicotine dependence among patients with schizophrenia and other mental disorders hospitalized in a general hospital, correlating these indices with clinical indicators and the meaning for the user.METHOD: the study was performed in the psychiatric unit of a general hospital, interviewing 270 patients with mental disorders using a questionnaire and the application of the Fagerstrom test. A descriptive statistical analysis of the data and thematic analysis of the content were performed.RESULTS: among the 270 patients with mental disorders, 35.6% were smokers; of whom, 53.2% presented high or very high nicotine dependence. Of the 96 smokers, 32 (33.3%) were schizophrenic, among whom, 59.4% presented high or very high dependence. Higher levels of dependence were also found among the 59 elderly people (61.5%) and 60 subjects with somatic comorbidities (62.5%). Meanings of smoking for the subjects: helps to forget problems and face daily conflicts; alleviates side effects of the medications; self-control; distraction; part of life.CONCLUSION: more intense tobacco dependence among schizophrenic patients is justified due to it helping them to cope with the difficulties of the disease. Nurses occupy a strategic position in the care

Multi-trait and multi-environment Bayesian analysis to predict the G x E interaction in flood-irrigated rice.

The biggest challenge for the reproduction of flood-irrigated rice is to identify superior genotypes that present development of high-yielding varieties with specific grain qualities, resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses in addition to superior adaptation to the target environment. Thus, the objectives of this study were to propose a multi-trait and multi-environment Bayesian model to estimate genetic parameters for the flood-irrigated rice crop. To this end, twenty-five rice genotypes belonging to the flood-irrigated rice breeding program were evaluated. Grain yield and flowering were evaluated in the agricultural year 2017/2018. The experimental design used in all experiments was a randomized block design with three replications. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm was used to estimate genetic parameters and genetic values. The flowering is highly heritable by the Bayesian credibility interval: h2 = 0.039-0.80, and 0.02-0.91, environment 1 and 2, respectively. The genetic correlation between traits was significantly different from zero in the two environments (environment 1: -0.80 to 0.74; environment 2: -0.82 to 0.86. The relationship of CVe and CVg higher for flowering in the reduced model (CVg/CVe = 5.83 and 13.98, environments 1 and 2, respectively). For the complete model, this trait presented an estimate of the relative variation index of: CVe = 4.28 and 4.21, environments 1 and 2, respectively. In summary, the multi-trait and multi-environment Bayesian model allowed a reliable estimate of the genetic parameter of flood-irrigated rice. Bayesian analyzes provide robust inference of genetic parameters. Therefore, we recommend this model for genetic evaluation of flood-irrigated rice genotypes, and their generalization, in other crops. Precise estimates of genetic parameters bring new perspectives on the application of Bayesian methods to solve modeling problems in the genetic improvement of flood-irrigated rice