Toll-Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) Plays a Major Role in the Formation of Rabies Virus Negri Bodies

Human neurons express the innate immune response receptor, Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3). TLR3 levels are increased in pathological conditions such as brain virus infection. Here, we further investigated the production, cellular localisation, and function of neuronal TLR3 during neuronotropic rabies virus (RABV) infection in human neuronal cells. Following RABV infection, TLR3 is not only present in endosomes, as observed in the absence of infection, but also in detergent-resistant perinuclear inclusion bodies. As well as TLR3, these inclusion bodies contain the viral genome and viral proteins (N and P, but not G). The size and composition of inclusion bodies and the absence of a surrounding membrane, as shown by electron microscopy, suggest they correspond to the previously described Negri Bodies (NBs). NBs are not formed in the absence of TLR3, and TLR3−/− mice—in which brain tissue was less severely infected—had a better survival rate than WT mice. These observations demonstrate that TLR3 is a major molecule involved in the spatial arrangement of RABV–induced NBs and viral replication. This study shows how viruses can exploit cellular proteins and compartmentalisation for their own benefit

Study of Xenon Mobility in the Two Forms of MIL-53(Al) Using Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy

The Al-based metal–organic framework (MOF) MIL-53­(Al) exhibits a structural transition between a large-pore (<i>lp</i>) form and a narrow-pore (<i>np</i>) one. Such change is induced by temperature, external pressure, or the adsorption of guest molecules. ¹²⁹Xe solid-state NMR experiments under static and magic-angle spinning (MAS) conditions have been used to study the <i>lp</i>–<i>np</i> transition in MIL-53­(Al) initially loaded with xenon gas under a pressure of 5 × 10⁴ Pa (at room temperature). The conversion of the <i>lp</i> form into the <i>np</i> one when the temperature decreases from 327 to 237 K and the reopening of the pores below 230 K are then observed. Furthermore, ¹H → ¹²⁹Xe cross-polarization under MAS (CPMAS) experiments demonstrate the possibility to observe the <i>np</i> phase at <i>T</i> ≤ 230 K, while the <i>lp</i> one is unseen because the xenon residence time is too short for successful cross-polarization transfer. Moreover, even for the <i>np</i> phase at 199 K, the xenon atoms still exhibit significant motion on time scale faster than a few milliseconds. We prove the exchange of Xe atoms between the <i>lp</i> and <i>np</i> forms at room temperature with the two-dimensional (2D) ¹²⁹Xe EXchange SpectroscopY (EXSY) NMR method. Using ¹²⁹Xe selective inversion recovery (SIR) experiments, the rate for this exchange has been measured at 43 ± 6 s^–1

Des morts chez les vivants ? Tombes et habitat dans la France du nord-est. Dead among living ? Burials and settlement in north-eastern France]

Alsace and the northen part of Lorraine do not show any originality for funerary practices in the Roman period. In this paper we propose to study the regional case of rural tombs outside normal cemeteries but which act on organization of settlement. In the first half of the Ist c. A.D. those practices are noticed at both ends of social scale: in the yard of the small native farms ("'culture des sommets vosgiens ") and in front of the large villae of the aristocracy. The origine is Celtic but a Roman additional influence may be presumed belonging to Italian villae and tombs of the end of the Ist c. B.C.L'Alsace et la partie septentrionale de la Lorraine ne présentent pas de grandes originalités dans le domaine des pratiques funéraires. Dans cette contribution sont présentés des cas particuliers de sépultures rurales de la première moitié du Ier siècle ap. J.-C, aménagées en dehors des nécropoles traditionnelles, mais en rapport étroit avec l'habitat. Elles concernent les deux extrémités de l'échelle sociale et culturelle locale, les fermes de la " culture des sommets vosgiens " (tombes dans la cour), et les grandes villae de l'aristocratie, dominées dans leur organisation par un tombeau lui aussi monumental. Ces pratiques d'origine indigène sont renforcées par un apport italien de la fin du Ier siècle av. J.-C.Lafon Xavier, Adam Anne-Marie. Des morts chez les vivants ? Tombes et habitat dans la France du nord-est. Dead among living ? Burials and settlement in north-eastern France]. In: Monde des morts, monde des vivants en Gaule rurale, Actes du Colloque ARCHEA/AGER (Orléans, 7-9 février 1992) Tours : Fédération pour l'édition de la Revue archéologique du Centre de la France, 1993. pp. 113-120. (Supplément à la Revue archéologique du centre de la France, 6

Signalisation AMPc/PKA (rôle dans le développement du champignon filamenteux Aspergillus nidulans)

PARIS7-Bibliothèque centrale (751132105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Diagnostic des infections grippales par PCR temps réel

BORDEAUX2-BU Santé (330632101) / SudocSudocFranceF